Bunin's chronological table, presented on this page, will be an excellent assistant in studies both at school and at the university. She collected all the most important and basic dates of Bunin's life and work. Bunin's biography in the table is built by experienced philologists and linguists. The data presented in the table? are written concisely, which makes information digestible twice as fast.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin left behind a great legacy, which is being studied to this day. Learn about it creative way and experienced tragedies can be seen from the table, which combines all the stages of the life of the great writer.

1881 - Ivan Bunin's parents send their son to the Yelets gymnasium.

1886 March- Ivan Bunin was expelled from the gymnasium. The reason was the lack of tuition fees, in addition, Bunin did not go to school from the holidays.

1887 - Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is published for the first time - his poems "The Village Beggar" and "Over the Grave of S. Ya. Nadson" are published in the patriotic newspaper "Rodina";

1889 - The young writer moves to Oryol, where he goes to work in the Orlovsky Bulletin.

1891 - Poems 1887 - 1891 are published in Orel.

1893-1894 - Ivan Bunin falls under the influence of L.N. Tolstoy, and so much so that the writer is going to become a cooper. Only with L.N. Tolstoy at a meeting in 1894. was able to persuade Ivan Alekseevich to abandon this idea.

1895 - The writer moves to St. Petersburg, and a little later to Moscow, where he begins to get acquainted with the capital's literary circle: A.P. Chekhov, A.I. Kuprin, V.Ya. Bryusov.

1896 – Ivan Bunin translates the poem “The Song of Hiawatha” by the American writer G. W. Longfellow. Later, the writer will improve this translation and reprint it several times.

1897 - A book of short stories "To the End of the World."

1898 - The writer publishes a collection of his poems "Under the open sky";

Ivan Bunin is getting married. Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni becomes his wife, who will give him a son, Kolya, a little later.

1899 - Bunin's marriage turns out to be fragile and falls apart.

1900 - The writer goes to Yalta, where he meets the founders of the Moscow Art Theater;

writes the story "Antonov apples".

1901 - A collection of poems "Leaf Fall" is published.

1903 - Bunin is awarded the Pushkin Prize for the translation of "The Song of Hiawatha" and for the collection "Falling Leaves".

1903-1904 – Travels in France, Italy and the Caucasus.

1905 - The only son of Ivan Bunin, Kolya, is dying.

1909 - Ivan Bunin receives the second Pushkin Prize for the book "Poems 1903 - 1906";

becomes an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

1911 - The story "Dryland".

1917 – The writer lives in Moscow. He perceives the events of the February Revolution as the collapse of the state.

1918-1919 - "Cursed Days".

1924 - The Rose of Jericho.

1925 - "Mitya's love."

1927 – « Sunstroke».

1929 - Bunin's book "Selected Poems" is published.

1927-1933 - Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is working on the novel "The Life of Arseniev."

1931 - God's tree.

1933 Ivan Bunin is awarded the Nobel Prize.

1950 - In the capital of France, Ivan Alekseevich publishes the book "Memoirs".

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Ivan Alekseevich Bunin- an outstanding Russian writer, poet, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1909), laureate Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.

Born in Voronezh, where he lived for the first three years of his life. Later the family moved to the estate near Yelets. Father - Alexey Nikolaevich Bunin, mother - Lyudmila Alexandrovna Bunina (née Chubarova). Until the age of 11, he was brought up at home, in 1881 he entered the Yelets district gymnasium, in 1885 he returned home and continued his education under the guidance of his older brother Julius. At the age of 17 he began to write poetry, in 1887 he made his debut in print. In 1889, he went to work as a proofreader for the local newspaper Orlovsky Vestnik. By this time, he had a long relationship with an employee of this newspaper, Varvara Pashchenko, with whom they, contrary to the wishes of their relatives, moved to Poltava (1892).

Collections "Poems" (Eagle, 1891), "Under the open sky" (1898), "Leaf fall" (1901; Pushkin Prize).

1895 - personally met Chekhov, before that they corresponded.

In the 1890s, he traveled on the steamboat "Chaika" ("bark with firewood") along the Dnieper and visited the grave of Taras Shevchenko, whom he loved and later translated a lot. A few years later, he wrote an essay "On the Seagull", which was published in the children's illustrated magazine "Vskhody" (1898, No. 21, November 1).

In 1899 he married Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni (Kakni), the daughter of a Greek revolutionary. The marriage was short-lived, the only child died at the age of 5 (1905). In 1906, Bunin enters into a civil marriage (officially formalized in 1922) with Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, the niece of S. A. Muromtsev, the first chairman of the First State Duma.

In the lyrics, Bunin continued the classical traditions (collection "Leaf Fall", 1901).

He showed in stories and novels (sometimes with a nostalgic mood)

* The impoverishment of noble estates ("Antonov apples", 1900)
* The cruel face of the village ("Village", 1910, "Dry Valley", 1911)
* The disastrous oblivion of the moral foundations of life ("The Gentleman from San Francisco", 1915).
* A sharp rejection of the October Revolution and the Bolshevik regime in the diary book "Cursed Days" (1918, published in 1925).
* In the autobiographical novel "The Life of Arseniev" (1930) - a recreation of the past of Russia, childhood and youth of the writer.
* The tragedy of human existence in short stories about love ("Mitya's Love", 1925; a collection of short stories "Dark Alleys", 1943).
* Translated the "Song of Hiawatha" by the American poet G. Longfellow. It was first published in the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper in 1896. At the end of the same year, the newspaper's printing house published The Song of Hiawatha as a separate book.

Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize three times; in 1909 he was elected an academician in the category of fine literature, becoming the youngest academician of the Russian Academy.

In the summer of 1918, Bunin moved from Bolshevik Moscow to Odessa, occupied by German troops. With the approach in April 1919 to the city of the Red Army, he does not emigrate, but remains in Odessa. He welcomes the occupation of Odessa by the Volunteer Army in August 1919, personally thanks Denikin, who arrived in the city on October 7, and actively cooperates with the OSVAG (propaganda and information body) under the All-Russian Union of Youth Leagues. In February 1920, when the Bolsheviks approached, he left Russia. Emigrates to France.

In exile, he was active in social and political activities: he gave lectures, collaborated with Russian political parties and organizations (conservative and nationalist), and regularly published journalistic articles. He delivered a famous manifesto about the tasks of the Russian Diaspora in relation to Russia and Bolshevism: The Mission of the Russian Emigration.

Many and fruitfully engaged in literary activities, having already confirmed the title of a great Russian writer in exile and becoming one of the main figures of the Russian Diaspora.

Bunin creates his best things: Mitina's Love (1924), Sunstroke (1925), Cornet Elagin's Case (1925) and, finally, Arsenyev's Life (1927-1929, 1933). These works have become a new word in Bunin's work, and in Russian literature as a whole. And according to K. G. Paustovsky, "The Life of Arseniev" is not only the pinnacle work of Russian literature, but also "one of the most remarkable phenomena of world literature." Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933.

According to the Chekhov publishing house, recent months life Bunin worked on literary portrait A.P. Chekhov, the work remained unfinished (in the book: Loopy Ears and Other Stories, New York, 1953). He died in his sleep at two o'clock in the morning from November 7 to 8, 1953 in Paris. He was buried in the Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery. In 1929-1954. Bunin's works were not published in the USSR. Since 1955 - the most published writer of the "first wave" in the USSR (several collected works, many one-volume books). Some works (“Cursed Days”, etc.) were printed in the USSR only during perestroika.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin; Russia, Voronezh; 10/10/1870 - 11/08/1953

Ivan Bunin is a writer, popular poet and prose writer, publicist and translator, who became the first Russian Nobel laureate. From his pen came a large number of poems, novels and stories in which he described the beauty native land. Based on many of Bunin's books, plays were staged and feature films were made. And the writer himself constantly occupies high places among.

Biography of Ivan Bunin

Ivan Bunin was born in the fall of 1870 in the city of Voronezh, where his family moved due to the fact that older children needed to receive a quality education. His father was an impoverished nobleman whose lineage dates back to the fifteenth century. The story of Bunin as a future writer began with the fact that a love of literature was instilled in a little boy from childhood. After many years, he will remember how it was customary in his family to read in the evenings. Just as early, the future writer began to study foreign languages ​​and fine arts.

When the future writer was fourteen years old, Bunin's biography took a sharp turn - by the decision of his father, he entered the Yelets Men's Gymnasium. Throughout his studies, Ivan often changed places of residence, ranging from renting a room in the house of a local tradesman, ending with a closet at the sculptor's. As for the learning process itself, then, as the writer's brother said, if you listen to Bunin, he did best with the humanities, unlike mathematics, the exam for which he was most afraid. Five years later, in 1886, the future writer graduated from the Yelets Gymnasium. This happened because during the holidays he moved to his parents, after which he decided not to return to the educational institution. For failure to appear after the holidays, the leadership of the gymnasium decided to expel Bunin. Then he began to study at home, devoting all his strength to the humanities. Even at an early age of the author, one can find Bunin's poems about nature, and at the age of fifteen, the young man created his first novel called "Hobbies". However, Bunin's work did not receive a proper response at that time, which is why he was denied publication. In 1887, the poet who was the idol of the young author, Semyon Nadson, dies. Bunin decides to write a poem in his honor, and it immediately appears on the page of the periodical.

Thanks to his brother, who started teaching Ivan, he was able to calmly pass the exams and get his certificate. In 1889, Bunin went to work at the publishing house of the well-known magazine Orlovsky Vestnik. There, Bunin's stories, critical notes and poems are not only published, but also receive many enthusiastic reviews. But three years later, together with his brother Julius, Ivan decides to move to Poltava, where he starts working as a librarian. In 1894, the aspiring writer came to Moscow for some time, where he met with. At the same time, several stories and poems by Bunin were published, which describe the beauty of nature and the sadness that the era of the nobility will soon end.

At twenty-seven, Ivan Alekseevich publishes a book called "To the End of the World." Prior to that, he made his living mainly by translating popular foreign authors. This work of Bunin gained great popularity, and already in 1898 he published a collection of his poems. However, the traditionalism that seeps into the writer's work was already slightly outdated for that era. Then he was replaced by the Symbolists, who criticized Bunin's poetic verses. The same one, denying all revolutionary ideas, one after another publishes stories that describe the Russian people in a harsh manner (“Village”, “Dry Valley”, etc.). Thanks to these works, he again becomes popular among readers. Over the next few years, new stories by Bunin are published, while the writer himself travels a lot. This is due to the revolution in our country. So in 1917 he lives in Moscow, a year later - in Odessa, and after another two he moves to Paris, where he is experiencing serious financial difficulties. For the creation of the traditional image of a Russian person and Russian nature in 1933, Ivan Bunin, whose stories have long become popular outside his homeland, receives the Nobel Prize in Literature. He distributed half of the amount that was awarded along with the prize to those in need who asked him for help. Thus, already three years after the presentation of the award about Bunin, we can read that he again began to live rather poorly, trying to earn money with the help of his stories. All this time he actively continues to engage in writing activities, while simultaneously trying to follow what was happening in his homeland during the Second World War.

In the 1940s, the writer's health deteriorated greatly. Doctors discovered he had a serious lung disease, and Bunin went for treatment to a resort in southern France. However, he could not achieve a positive result. Since it was quite difficult to live in poverty in such a state, the writer turned to his friend, who lived in America, for help. He was able to get the consent of a local philanthropist to pay a pension to Ivan Alekseevich. In the autumn of 1953, the writer became much worse, and he could no longer move normally. In early November, Ivan Bunin died of cardiac arrest due to a severe lung disease. The grave of the writer, like many other emigrants from Russia, is located in the small French cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois.

An outstanding writer and poet of the 20th century, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, had a special creative talent. The rich life experience and events taking place in the country in those years inspired the author to write a wide variety of works created on current topics.

Bunin painfully watched the destruction and neglect of noble estates, the ruling bourgeoisie and the deteriorating life of ordinary peasants. This topic was often raised in his poems and stories.

The great writer was a sensitive artist of the word, so all the social upheavals in the country were painfully experienced by the author. Revolution of 1917 and the foresight of fratricidal civil war, forced the Russian writer to leave his homeland and emigrate to Europe. He moved to France, and Bunin's numerous works were written here.

Ivan Alekseevich opposed the revolution, he was true to his convictions and did not want to accept the ongoing events as an opportunity to transform life in the country. Watching the terrible deeds of activists, mentally comparing the possible outcome and simple pity for ordinary people, whipped up a premonition of trouble. Your fears, as well as real facts revolutionary process, he described in the famous work "The Life of Arseniev". In this novel, the author quite clearly and truthfully described the events of 1917, and this bold statement delighted the reader and critics.

Bunin wrote to different topics. He traveled widely and worked as a translator. His busy life and versatile activities allowed him to show his talents in many areas.

Bunin's first works

Ivan Alekseevich began to write as a child, however, the first poem of the great author was published when he was 17 years old. In the late 80s of the XIX century, he begins a stormy literary activity dedicated to poor peasant life. During this period, the stories "On the Other Side", "At the End of the World", "On the Farm" and others were written.

The works of the 90s are distinguished by a democratic idea, special knowledge and empathy with the usual folk life. Bunin meets many mature Russian writers and poets, from whom he draws professional experience, trying to find his own style in literary art.

Ivan Alekseevich managed to get closer to impressionism, in his works one can see a harmonious combination of the principles of composition with new techniques, effectively intertwined with the realistic traditions of Russian literature.

In his works there are often social moments, problems of life and death, as well as the unfading beauty of natural nature. Versatility in creativity has always aroused the interest of the reader, and most importantly, this wonderful poet and great writer XIX-XX centuries, he could skillfully convey his thoughts and ideas to the listener.

Works about the motherland

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin loved his homeland very much, however, the veracity of the usual human life Russians, left a painful trace in his soul. He could not ignore all the events taking place in the country, anxiously described his observations and clearly conveyed painful moments in new works.

The theme of the motherland in Bunin's work is the main one. He sings of it already in the first works, and follows this tradition throughout his entire career.

The first poems and stories, written at a young age, clearly reflect the life of the peasants and the typical village life. In his poem "Motherland", the poet presents Russia as a poor peasant woman, over whom spiteful critics are seized, who want to desecrate her for her simplicity. Reading this poem, it becomes clear that only a true patriot who worries about his homeland with all his heart could write such an honest and true story.

Bunin clearly saw all the problems of the country, he was oppressed by her poor and poverty, but at the same time, the poet was delighted with the noble beauty of Russian nature, its sunsets and autumn landscapes. Love for the environment was also represented in the creative works of Ivan Alekseevich, who, like an experienced artist, skillfully transferred magical moments of natural beauty to a sheet of paper.

The patriotism of the great Russian author has always been present in his creative masterpieces. He skillfully wrote about his homeland, harmoniously expressed his convictions and colorfully conveyed its natural beauty. This topic was relevant throughout the author's path, even when the writer was in exile.

The theme of nature in the works of the Russian poet

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was very fond of Russian nature, admired and idolized its charming beauty. The poet wrote many poems on this topic.

Man and nature are the most important direction in his work. He watched the many-sided landscapes, changing at different times of the year. He was delighted with the liveliness of the Russian forest and perceived its rustle as pleasant music for the soul.

Bunin lived last years life in France. Separation from the homeland and the impossibility of observing natural landscapes native land, often pumped sadness and sincere pain. The poet enthusiastically wrote new works, without changing his views and without betraying true love to the country and natural colors. Now he is thinking more and more about the possible turning points that await Russia in the post-revolutionary period.

Ivan Alekseevich always appreciated the work of great poets such as Pushkin, Polonsky, Fet, Yesenin and others. He was fascinated by their works, vividly conveying the unearthly beauty of Russian nature. Feeling this connection and wanting to achieve perfection and true beauty in creative works, the poet with special diligence reproduced the living world of nature, clearly conveying its unique charm and impeccable beauty.

Philosophical direction in the work of Bunin

Since 1917, in the works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, philosophical themes based on the author's thoughts often began to appear. He tries to look beyond the bounds of being, to deal with the main purpose of each person, he is oppressed by doom and these worries are conveyed in the works of the great Russian writer.

Quite deeply, the theme of death was revealed by the author in the story "The Man from San Francisco". Main character self-satisfied and full of snobbery, he strives for wealth and luxury, and this idea completely captures his thoughts and life principles. When the master nevertheless manages to achieve his goal, a turning point comes, an understanding comes that money cannot make you happy and prosperous. The hero dies, and his bets on wealth during his lifetime turn out to be worthless and empty. Bunin clearly described terrible death rich gentleman, his lifeless body, transported in the hold of the ship and the emptiness of memories in the memory of people about this man, whose life was built exclusively on the material level.

The creative works of Ivan Alekseevich solve many philosophical problems, reveal to the readers the author's worldview, his excessive interest in the unknown and natural. The issue of life and death is often intertwined with eternal theme love, which the author also managed to describe in his numerous works.

The concept of love in the works of Bunin

In the works of Bunin Special attention given love theme. There were several women in his life, and relationships with them were often reflected in his work. In 26, Ivan Alekseevich's famous story "The Case of Cornet Elagin" was published. In this work, the author described the personal feelings and emotional experiences experienced by Varvara Pashchenko.

This woman became the first love young writer, but the passionate relationship between lovers was often overshadowed by serious scandals and quarrels. Her parents were against marriage to a poor poet, so the short-lived living together Bunina and Pashchenko were doomed.

The author also described the love relationship with Varvara in another well-known work, published in the fifth book of Arseniev's Life. Bunin often experienced jealousy for his beloved woman, and their imminent breakup seriously affected the state famous poet and at some time he even had thoughts of suicide.

Some readers may perceive Bunin as a dry and callous person, but in reality, this opinion is erroneous. People who were closely acquainted with Ivan Alekseevich often talked about his unusual soul, filled with tenderness and passion. Bunin knew how to love and gave himself entirely to this magical feeling. He often hid his emotions from others, tried to disguise his own feelings and fear, and he was quite successful in his work, but not in real life.

Crazy love for Varvara Pashchenko was expressed selflessly and impetuously. Sincere feelings inspired the writer, and this topic began to occupy a special place in his creative list.

List of works by Ivan Alekseevich Bunin

Collections of poems:

✔ "Poems" (several volumes);

✔ "Outdoor";

✔ "Leaf fall";

✔"Favorites";

✔ "On Nevsky".

Stories:

✔"To the ends of the world and other stories";

✔ "Antonov apples";

✔ "Field flowers";

✔ "Shadow of a bird";

✔ "John Rydalets";

✔"Cup of Life";

✔ "Easy breathing";

✔ "Dreams of Chang";

✔« Dark alleys»

✔ "Temple of the Sun";

✔"Initial love";

✔ "Scream";

✔ "Mowers";

✔ "Rose of Jericho";

✔ "Sunstroke";

✔"Youth";

✔ "God's tree";

✔"Spring in Judea";

✔"Loopy Ears and Other Stories".

Tales:

✔ "Village";

✔ "Sukhodil";

✔"Mitina's love".

Novel:"The Life of Arseniev".

Ivan Alekseevich was also engaged in translations of works by famous foreign writers. In his creative list there are several memoirs and diaries, with very informative stories about his personal life. Some of Bunin's works were filmed. Based on the story "Summer of Love", the film "Natalie" (melodrama) was shot. Also quite interesting is the film "Sunstroke", created based on the story of the same name by a famous writer.

First Russian Nobel laureate Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is called a jeweler of the word, a prose writer-painter, a genius Russian literature and the brightest representative Silver Age. Literary critics agree that in Bunin's works there is a relationship with paintings, and in terms of attitude, the stories and novels of Ivan Alekseevich are similar to canvases.

Childhood and youth

Ivan Bunin's contemporaries argue that the writer felt "breed", innate aristocracy. There is nothing to be surprised: Ivan Alekseevich is a representative of the oldest noble family, rooted in the 15th century. The Bunin family coat of arms is included in the coat of arms of the noble families of the Russian Empire. Among the ancestors of the writer is the founder of romanticism, the writer of ballads and poems.

Ivan Alekseevich was born in October 1870 in Voronezh, in the family of a poor nobleman and petty official Alexei Bunin, married to his cousin Lyudmila Chubarova, a meek but impressionable woman. She bore her husband nine children, of whom four survived.


The family moved to Voronezh 4 years before the birth of Ivan to educate their eldest sons Yuli and Evgeny. They settled in a rented apartment on Bolshaya Dvoryanskaya Street. When Ivan was four years old, his parents returned to the Butyrka family estate in the Oryol province. Bunin spent his childhood on the farm.

The love of reading was instilled in the boy by his tutor, a student of Moscow University, Nikolai Romashkov. At home, Ivan Bunin studied languages, focusing on Latin. The first books of the future writer that he read on his own were The Odyssey and a collection of English poems.


In the summer of 1881, Ivan's father brought him to Yelets. The youngest son passed the exams and entered the 1st grade of the male gymnasium. Bunin liked to study, but this did not apply to the exact sciences. In a letter to his older brother, Vanya admitted that he considers the math exam "the most terrible." After 5 years, Ivan Bunin was expelled from the gymnasium in the middle of the school year. The 16-year-old boy came to his father's estate Ozerki for the Christmas holidays, but never returned to Yelets. For non-appearance at the gymnasium, the teachers' council expelled the guy. Ivan's elder brother Julius took up further education.

Literature

Started in the Ozerki creative biography Ivan Bunin. In the estate, he continued to work on the novel “Passion” begun in Yelets, but the work did not reach the reader. But the poem of the young writer, written under the impression of the death of an idol - the poet Semyon Nadson - was published in the Rodina magazine.


In his father's estate, with the help of his brother, Ivan Bunin prepared for the final exams, passed them and received a matriculation certificate.

From the autumn of 1889 to the summer of 1892, Ivan Bunin worked in the journal Orlovsky Vestnik, where his stories, poems and literary criticism were published. In August 1892, Julius called his brother to Poltava, where he got Ivan a job as a librarian in the provincial government.

In January 1894, the writer visited Moscow, where he met with a congenial soul. Like Lev Nikolaevich, Bunin criticizes urban civilization. In the stories "Antonov apples", "Epitaph" and " new road”Guess nostalgic notes for the passing era, one feels regret for the degenerate nobility.


In 1897, Ivan Bunin published the book "To the End of the World" in St. Petersburg. A year earlier he had translated Henry Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha. Bunin's translation included poems by Alkey, Saadi, Adam Mickiewicz and.

In 1898, Ivan Alekseevich's poetry collection Under the Open Sky was published in Moscow, warmly received literary critics and readers. Two years later, Bunin presented poetry lovers with a second book of poems - Falling Leaves, which strengthened the author's authority as a "poet of the Russian landscape." Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1903 awards Ivan Bunin the first Pushkin Prize, followed by the second.

But in the poetic environment, Ivan Bunin earned a reputation as an "old-fashioned landscape painter." In the late 1890s, “fashionable” poets became favorites, bringing the “breath of city streets” to Russian lyrics, and with its restless heroes. in a review of Bunin's collection Poems, he wrote that Ivan Alekseevich found himself aloof "from the general movement", but from the point of view of painting, his poetic "canvases" reached "the end points of perfection." Examples of perfection and commitment to the classics of criticism are the poems “I remember a long winter evening"and" Evening ".

Ivan Bunin, the poet, does not accept symbolism and critically looks at the revolutionary events of 1905-1907, calling himself "a witness to the great and vile." In 1910, Ivan Alekseevich published the story "The Village", which marked the beginning of "a whole series of works that sharply depict the Russian soul." The continuation of the series is the story "Dry Valley" and the stories "Strength", " Good life”,“ Prince in princes ”,“ Bast shoes.

In 1915, Ivan Bunin was at the height of his popularity. His famous stories “The Gentleman from San Francisco”, “Grammar of Love”, “ Easy breath and Chang's Dreams. In 1917, the writer leaves revolutionary Petrograd, avoiding the "terrible proximity of the enemy." Bunin lived in Moscow for six months, from there in May 1918 he left for Odessa, where he wrote the diary "Cursed Days" - a furious denunciation of the revolution and the Bolshevik government.


Portrait "Ivan Bunin". Artist Evgeny Bukovetsky

It is dangerous for a writer who criticizes the new government so fiercely to remain in the country. In January 1920, Ivan Alekseevich leaves Russia. He leaves for Constantinople, and in March he ends up in Paris. A collection of short stories called "The Gentleman from San Francisco" was published here, which the public greets enthusiastically.

Since the summer of 1923, Ivan Bunin lived in the Belvedere villa in ancient Grasse, where he visited him. During these years, the stories "Initial Love", "Numbers", "The Rose of Jericho" and "Mitina's Love" were published.

In 1930, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story "The Shadow of a Bird" and completed the most significant work created in exile - the novel "The Life of Arseniev." The description of the hero's experiences is covered with sadness about the departed Russia, "who died before our eyes in such a magically short time."


In the late 1930s, Ivan Bunin moved to the Jeannette Villa, where he lived during the Second World War. The writer was worried about the fate of his homeland and joyfully met the news about the slightest victory of the Soviet troops. Bunin lived in poverty. He wrote about his predicament:

“I was rich - now, by the will of fate, I suddenly became poor ... I was famous all over the world - now no one in the world needs ... I really want to go home!”

The villa is dilapidated: heating system not functioning, there were interruptions in electricity and water supply. Ivan Alekseevich told his friends in letters about the "cave continuous hunger." In order to get at least a small amount, Bunin asked a friend who had left for America to publish the collection Dark Alleys on any terms. The book in Russian with a circulation of 600 copies was published in 1943, for which the writer received $300. The collection includes the story Clean Monday". The last masterpiece of Ivan Bunin - the poem "Night" - was published in 1952.

Researchers of the prose writer's work have noticed that his novels and stories are cinematic. For the first time, a Hollywood producer spoke about the film adaptation of Ivan Bunin's works, expressing a desire to make a film based on the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco." But it ended with a conversation.


In the early 1960s, Russian directors drew attention to the work of a compatriot. A short film based on the story "Mitya's Love" was shot by Vasily Pichul. In 1989, the screens released the picture "Unurgent Spring" based on the story of the same name by Bunin.

In 2000, the director's biography film "The Diary of His Wife" was released, which tells the story of relationships in the family of the prose writer.

The premiere of the drama "Sunstroke" in 2014 caused a resonance. The tape is based on the story of the same name and the book Cursed Days.

Nobel Prize

Ivan Bunin was first nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1922. The Nobel Prize winner was busy with this. But then the prize was given to the Irish poet William Yeats.

In the 1930s, Russian emigrant writers joined the process, and their efforts were crowned with victory: in November 1933, the Swedish Academy awarded Ivan Bunin a literature prize. The appeal to the laureate said that he deserved the award for "recreating in prose a typical Russian character."


Ivan Bunin spent 715 thousand francs of the prize quickly. Half in the first months he distributed to those in need and to everyone who turned to him for help. Even before receiving the award, the writer admitted that he received 2,000 letters asking for help with money.

3 years after the Nobel Prize, Ivan Bunin plunged into habitual poverty. Until the end of his life, he did not have his own house. Best of all, Bunin described the state of affairs in a short poem "The bird has a nest", where there are lines:

The beast has a hole, the bird has a nest.
How the heart beats, sadly and loudly,
When I enter, being baptized, into a strange, rented house
With his old knapsack!

Personal life

The young writer met his first love when he worked at the Oryol Herald. Varvara Pashchenko - a tall beauty in pince-nez - seemed to Bunin too arrogant and emancipated. But soon he found an interesting interlocutor in the girl. A romance broke out, but Varvara's father did not like the poor young man with vague prospects. The couple lived without a wedding. In his memoirs, Ivan Bunin calls Barbara just that - "an unmarried wife."


After moving to Poltava, the already difficult relations escalated. Varvara, a girl from a wealthy family, was fed up with a beggarly existence: she left home, leaving Bunin a farewell note. Soon Pashchenko became the wife of actor Arseny Bibikov. Ivan Bunin suffered a hard break, the brothers feared for his life.


In 1898, in Odessa, Ivan Alekseevich met Anna Tsakni. She became the first official wife of Bunin. In the same year, the wedding took place. But the couple did not live together for long: they broke up two years later. The only son of the writer, Nikolai, was born in marriage, but in 1905 the boy died of scarlet fever. Bunin had no more children.

The love of Ivan Bunin's life is the third wife of Vera Muromtseva, whom he met in Moscow, at a literary evening in November 1906. Muromtseva, a graduate of the Higher Women's Courses, was fond of chemistry and spoke three languages ​​fluently. But Vera was far from literary bohemia.


The newlyweds married in exile in 1922: Tsakni did not give Bunin a divorce for 15 years. He was the best man at the wedding. The couple lived together until the very death of Bunin, although their life cannot be called cloudless. In 1926, rumors appeared among the emigrants about a strange love triangle: in the house of Ivan and Vera Bunin lived a young writer Galina Kuznetsova, to whom Ivan Bunin had by no means friendly feelings.


Kuznetsov is called last love writer. She lived at the villa of the Bunin spouses for 10 years. Ivan Alekseevich survived the tragedy when he learned about Galina's passion for the sister of the philosopher Fyodor Stepun - Margarita. Kuznetsova left Bunin's house and went to Margo, which caused the writer's protracted depression. Friends of Ivan Alekseevich wrote that Bunin at that time was on the verge of insanity and despair. He worked for days on end, trying to forget his beloved.

After parting with Kuznetsova, Ivan Bunin wrote 38 short stories included in the collection Dark Alleys.

Death

In the late 1940s, doctors diagnosed Bunin with emphysema. At the insistence of doctors, Ivan Alekseevich went to a resort in the south of France. But the state of health has not improved. In 1947, 79-year-old Ivan Bunin spoke for the last time to an audience of writers.

Poverty forced to seek help from the Russian emigrant Andrei Sedykh. He secured a pension for a sick colleague from the American philanthropist Frank Atran. Until the end of Bunin's life, Atran paid the writer 10,000 francs a month.


In the late autumn of 1953, Ivan Bunin's health deteriorated. He didn't get out of bed. Shortly before his death, the writer asked his wife to read the letters.

On November 8, the doctor declared the death of Ivan Alekseevich. It was caused by cardiac asthma and pulmonary sclerosis. The Nobel laureate was buried at the cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, the place where hundreds of Russian emigrants were buried.

Bibliography

  • "Antonov apples"
  • "Village"
  • "Dry Valley"
  • "Easy breath"
  • "Chang's Dreams"
  • "Lapti"
  • "Grammar of Love"
  • "Mitina's love"
  • "Cursed Days"
  • "Sunstroke"
  • "The Life of Arseniev"
  • "Caucasus"
  • "Dark alleys"
  • "Cold fall"
  • "Numbers"
  • "Clean Monday"
  • "The Case of Cornet Yelagin"