Carroll Lewis (real name Charles Luthwidge Dodgson) (1832-1898), English writer and mathematician.

Born January 27, 1832 in the village of Daresbury (Cheshire) in a large family of a rural priest. As a child, Charles was fond of literature; he set up his own puppet theater and composed plays for it.

The future writer wanted to become a priest, like his father, so he entered Oxford University at the Faculty of Theology, but there he became interested in mathematics. He then taught mathematics at Christchurch College, Oxford, for a quarter of a century (1855-1881).

On July 4, 1862, young Professor Dodgson went for a walk with the Liddell family of his acquaintances. During this walk for Alice Liddell and her two sisters, he told the tale of Alice's adventures. Charles was persuaded to write down a story he had made up. In 1865, Alice in Wonderland was published as a separate book. However, Dodgson, who by that time had already taken the priesthood, could not sign it with his own name. He took the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. The author himself considered "Alice" a fairy tale for adults, and only in 1890 he released her children's version. After the release of the first edition of the fairy tale, many letters came from readers asking them to continue the fascinating story. Carroll wrote Alice Through the Looking-Glass (published 1871). The knowledge of the world through the game, proposed by the writer, has become a common technique in children's literature.

The Alice books are not Carroll's only works.

In 1867 he left England for the only time in his life, going with his friend to Russia. Carroll described his impressions in the Russian Diary.

He also wrote poems for children and the book Silvia and Bruno.

The writer himself called his writings nonsense (nonsense) and did not attach any importance to them. He considered the main business of life to be a serious mathematical work dedicated to the ancient Greek scientist Euclid.

Modern experts believe that Dodgson's main scientific contribution was made by his work on mathematical logic. Children and adults enjoy reading his stories.

Lewis Carroll was born in the village of Daresbury in the English county of Cheshire on January 27, 1832. His father was a parish priest, he also educated Lewis, as well as his other children. In total, four boys and seven girls were born in the Carroll family. Lewis proved himself to be a fairly intelligent and quick-witted student.

Carroll was left-handed, which in the nineteenth century was perceived religious people not as calm as now. The boy was forbidden to write with his left hand and forced to use his right, which caused psychological trauma and led to a slight stutter. Some researchers claim that Lewis Carroll is autistic, but there is no exact information about this.

At the age of twelve, Lewis began studying at a private grammar school, located near Richmond. He liked the teachers and classmates, as well as the atmosphere that reigned in a small educational institution. However, in 1845 the boy was transferred to the fashionable public school Rugby, where great importance was given to the physical training of boys and the instillation of Christian values ​​in them.

Young Carroll liked this school much less, but he studied well in it for four years and even demonstrated good abilities in theology and mathematics.


In 1850, the young man entered Christ Church College at Oxford University. In general, he did not study very well, but he still showed outstanding mathematical abilities. A few years later, Lewis received a bachelor's degree, and then began to give his own lectures in mathematics at Christ Church. He did this for more than two and a half decades: work as a lecturer brought Carroll a good income, although he found it very boring.

Since educational institutions in those days were closely interconnected with religious organizations, taking up the post of lecturer, Lewis was obliged to take holy orders. In order not to work in the parish, he agreed to accept the rank of deacon, renouncing the powers of the priest. While still in college, Carroll began to write short stories and poetry, and at the same time he came up with this pseudonym for himself (in fact, the writer's real name is Charles Lutwidge Dodgson).

The Creation of Alice

In 1856 Christ Church College changed its dean. The philologist and lexicographer Henry Liddell, along with his wife and five children, came to Oxford to work in this position. Lewis Carroll soon became friends with the Liddell family and became their faithful friend on long years. It was one of the daughters of the married couple, Alice, who was four years old in 1856, and became the prototype of the well-known Alice of the most famous works Carroll.


First edition of Alice in Wonderland

The writer often told the children of Henry Liddell funny tales, the characters and events of which he composed on the go. One summer in 1862, while on a boat trip, little Alice Liddell asked Lewis to compose interesting story for her and her sisters Lorina and Edith. Carroll gladly set to work and told the girls an exciting tale about the adventures of a little girl who got through the hole of the White Rabbit into the Underground Country.


Alice Lidell - the prototype of the famous fairy tale character

To make it more interesting for the girls to listen, he made the main character look like Alice in character, and also added some secondary characters character traits Edith and Lauren. Little Liddell was delighted with the story and demanded that the writer write it down on paper. Carroll did so after only a few promptings, and solemnly handed Alice a manuscript titled Alice's Underground Adventures. Somewhat later, he took this first story as the basis of his well-known books.

Books

Lewis Carroll wrote his iconic works, Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, in 1865 and 1871, respectively. His manner of writing books was unlike any of the writing styles that existed at that time. As a very creative person, with a rich imagination and inner world, and also as an outstanding mathematician with an excellent understanding of logic, he created a special genre of "paradoxical literature".


Illustration for the fairy tale “Alice in Wonderland”

His characters and the situations in which they find themselves are not at all intended to strike the reader with absurdity and absurdity. In fact, they all follow a certain logic, and this logic itself has been brought to the point of absurdity. In an unusual, sometimes even anecdotal form, Lewis Carroll subtly and elegantly touches on many philosophical issues, talks about life, the world and our place in it. As a result, the books turned out to be not only entertaining reading material for children, but also wise fairy tales for adults.

Carroll's unique style appears in his other works, although they were not as popular as the stories about Alice: "The Hunting of the Snark", "Sylvie and Bruno", "Knot Stories", "Midnight Tasks", "Euclid and His Modern Rivals", "What the Tortoise Said to Achilles", "Allen Brown and Carr".


Writer Lewis Carroll

Some argue that Lewis Carroll and his world would not be so unusual if the writer did not use opium on a regular basis (he suffered from severe migraines and also still had a noticeable stutter). However, at that time, opium tincture was a popular remedy for many diseases, it was used even for mild headaches.

Contemporaries said that the writer was "a man with quirks." He was quite active social life, but at the same time suffered from the need to meet certain social expectations and desperately longed to return to childhood, where everything was easier and you could be yourself in any situation. For some time he even suffered from insomnia, and spent all his free time on numerous studies. He really believed in going beyond the reality known to us and tried to comprehend something more than the science of that time could offer.

Maths

Charles Dodgson was indeed a gifted mathematician: perhaps this is partly why the mysteries of his texts are so complex and varied. When the author was not writing his masterpiece books, he was often engaged in mathematical work. Of course, he did not stand on a par with Evariste Galois, Nikolai Lobachevsky or Janusz Bolyai, however, as modern researchers note, he made discoveries in the field of mathematical logic ahead of his time.


Mathematician Lewis Carroll

Lewis Carroll developed his own graphical technique for finding solutions to logical problems, which was much more convenient than the diagrams used at that time. In addition, the storyteller skillfully solved "sorites" - special logical problems consisting of a sequence of syllogisms, the withdrawal of the conclusions of one of which becomes a prerequisite for another, while all the remaining premises in such a task were mixed.

Photo

Another serious hobby of the writer, from which only his own fairy tales and heroes could distract him, was photography. The manner of his execution of the photo is attributed to the style of pictorialism, which is distinguished by the staged manner of filming and editing of negatives.

Most of all, Lewis Carroll liked to photograph children. He was well acquainted with another popular photographer of those times - Oscar Reilander. It was Oscar who made one of the best photographic portraits of the writer, which later became a classic of photography in the mid-1860s.

Personal life

The writer led a very active social life, including, he was often seen in the company of various representatives of the fair sex. Since at the same time he held the title of professor and deacon, the family tried in every possible way to reason with Lewis, who did not want to settle down, or at least hide the stories of his stormy adventures. Therefore, after the death of Carroll, his life story was carefully retouched: contemporaries sought to create the image of a good-natured storyteller who loved children very much. Subsequently, this desire of theirs played a cruel joke with the biography of Lewis.


Carroll really loved children very much, including, in his circle of friends, little girls periodically turned out to be the daughters of friends and colleagues. Unfortunately, Carroll did not find a woman on whom he could try on the status of "wife" and who would give birth to his own children. So in the 20th century when you turn upside down biographies famous people and it became very fashionable to look for Freudian motives in their behavior, the storyteller began to be accused of such a crime as pedophilia. Some especially zealous supporters of this idea even tried to prove that Lewis Carroll and Jack the Ripper are one and the same person.

No evidence has been found for such theories. Moreover: all the letters and stories of contemporaries, in which the writer was exposed as a lover of little girls, were subsequently exposed. So, Ruth Gamelen stated that the writer invited the “shy child of 12 years old” Isa Bowman to visit, while in reality the girl at that time was at least 18 years old. The situation is similar with other supposedly underage girlfriends of Carroll, who in fact were quite adult.

Death

The writer died on January 14, 1898, the cause of death was pneumonia. His grave is located in Guildford, in the Ascension Cemetery.

Lewis Carroll short biography outlined in this article.

Lewis Carroll short biography

Lewis Carroll(real name Charles Lutwidge Hodgson) was an English writer, mathematician, logician, philosopher, deacon and photographer.

Was born January 27, 1832 in Daresbury (Cheshire), in a large family of an English priest. He was called a double name, one of them - Charles belonged to his father, the other - Lutwidge, inherited from his mother. Lewis from childhood showed an extraordinary mind and ingenuity. He received his primary education at home.

At the age of 12 he entered a small private grammar school near Richmond. He liked it there, but in 1845 he had to go to Rugby School

In 1851 he entered one of the best colleges in Oxford - Christ Church. Studying was easy for him, and thanks to his brilliant mathematical abilities, he was awarded lectures at the college. These lectures brought him a good income, and he worked there for the next 26 years. In accordance with the charter of the college, he was to be ordained a deacon. Write short stories and he began poetry while still a student. Gradually, his work gained popularity. He came up with a pseudonym by changing his real name, Charles Lutwidge, and changing the words in places. Soon such serious English publications as Comic Times and Train began to print it.

Alice was based on 4-year-old Alice Liddell, one of the five children of the new dean of the college. Alice in Wonderland was written in 1864. This book became so popular that it was translated into many languages ​​​​of the world and filmed more than once.

The scientist left the borders of his native country only once in his life, and in this he retained his originality, having made a trip not to popular countries such as Switzerland, Italy, France, but to distant Russia in 1867.

Lewis Carroll - pseudonym, real name - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson; UK, Guildford; 01/27/1832 - 01/14/1898

Lewis Carroll's books have gained extraordinary popularity all over the world. And first of all, this applies to books about Alice by Lewis Carroll, which have been translated into almost all the major languages ​​​​of the world. So based on these books, many cartoons and films were shot in different countries, a story line Lewis Carroll's Wonderland is played out in hundreds of works by contemporary authors. At the moment, Lewis Carroll is considered one of the world's best writers for children. And his works are put on par with.

Biography of Lewis Carroll

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who later took the pseudonym Lewis Carroll, was born in the village of Daresbury, Cheshire. He was the third child in the family, but the first boy. There were 11 children in the family. Like many of his ancestors, Dodgson Sr. was a clergyman and the future writer received a fairly good education at home. So at the age of seven he already read confidently. His only serious shortcoming was stuttering, which could develop as a result of the actions of his parents. After all, Charles was left-handed, and in those days it was cruelly suppressed. Stuttering remained with the writer for life.

When the boy was eleven years old, his father received a flock in the county of North Yorkshire, which became the home of Lewis Carroll for many years. In 1844, the boy was sent to a school in nearby Richmond, but a year later he was transferred to Rugby School. Here he showed not hefty abilities in the field of mathematics and theology. In 1950 he entered Christ Church College, Oxford University. He did not study very well, but thanks to his abilities, knowledge was given to him easily. Here he won several mathematical competitions and received the right to teaching activities. Subsequently, until his death, he worked as a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Oxford.

Lewis Carroll began writing his first books while still in college. He sent them to various publishing houses and many of them were even printed. But the writer himself did not consider them really worthwhile. The pseudonym Lewis Carroll chose for himself on the recommendation of a friend, the publisher Yeats. In 1956, a new dean, Henry Liddell, arrived at their college with his family. Friendship with this man and his family became defining for Lewis Carroll for life. After all, it was in this family that Alice was one of the five children. At that time she was four years old. And later Lewis Carroll himself denied any connection, it is clearly seen especially in the work "Through the Looking Glass".

Lewis Carroll's famous Alice in Wonderland was published in 1864. Dodgson wrote it back in 1862 and it was Alice Liddell who asked him to publish this work. Initially, it was called "Alice in the Underworld", but later, thanks to friends and the publisher, it appeared under the well-known name. The success of this tale by Lewis Carroll was such that Queen Victoria herself asked the writer to write about her. In 1871, two more books about Alice by Lewis Carroll were published. And in 1876, another famous work by Lewis Carroll, The Hunt for the Snark, was published, which is still published today.

Except literary activity Lewis Carroll is actively involved in photography, mathematical development and creates logic games. By the way, it is the last undertaking of Lewis Carroll that is in demand to this day. Despite his wealth and celebrity, he worked as an instructor at Christ Church College until his death. It happened in 1898. It could have been caused by pneumonia or the flu.

Books by Lewis Carroll at Top Books

Lewis Carroll's fairy tales are so popular to read that they have taken their rightful place in our rating. At the same time, interest in them does not decrease over the years, and the next film adaptations only heat it up again and again. So books about "Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll will certainly be presented in the ratings of our site more than once.

LEWIS CARROLL

Lewis Carroll inspired more musicians to create psychedelic rock than any other writer in the history of literature. Think, for example, of Jefferson Airplane's White Rabbit, or the Beatles' I Am a Walrus, or Donovan's entire album, Hurdy Gurdy Man. (And no one says it was all good psychedelic rock!) And it's all thanks to a man who most likely never tried drugs in his life, did not have a serious relationship with women, and spent most of his life lecturing in college math Christ Church, Oxford University.

Oh yes, and of course, he also created one of the world's most beloved children's book heroines.

Long before Alice, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (real name Carroll) was a shy stutterer, the son of a curate from the village of Daresbury, Cheshire. The third of eleven children in the family, he took his first steps in literature very early. Even after graduating from Christ Church College in Oxford with a master's degree in mathematics, Charles continued to write humorous poetry and occasionally published it in the Comic Times. Deciding not to confuse his mathematical career with his literary career, Charles Lutwidge coined the pseudonym "Lewis Carroll" for himself, reversing his names and translating them into Latin and then back into English. This intricate and witty play on words soon became a trademark of his writing style.

Tall, thin and rather handsome, Carroll lived like an ascetic scientist alien to all worldly goods. Besides science, his only hobbies were writing and photography. In 1861, Dodgson was ordained a junior deacon (a sine qua non to become a fellow of the college), and this meant that he would become an Anglican priest, but something kept Charles Lutwidge from completely immersing himself in the service of God. In his diaries, he wrote about the feeling of his own sinfulness and guilt haunting him, but it is not clear whether this feeling prevented him from finally becoming a priest or something else. For all that, he remained a respectable son of the church. It is known that, having visited the Cologne Cathedral, Charles could not help but cry. Another noteworthy fact from Carroll's biography is that he left the theater more than once during a performance if something on the stage offended his religious feelings.

In 1862, Carroll went on a boat trip with friends. There was also Alice Liddell, a ten-year-old girl with whom the writer struck up an unusually close friendship. For most of the trip, Carroll amused himself by telling a fairy tale in which Alice was the main character and which the girl demanded to be written down. The story was originally called Alice's Adventures Underground, but Carroll later renamed it Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The book was published in 1865 and was a huge, downright stunning success, and in 1871 followed by a sequel - "Through the Looking Glass". Filled with crazy characters like the Hatter and nonsensical but hilarious rhymes like "The Jabberwock" or "The Walrus and the Carpenter," Alice's story immediately won a huge following among readers of all ages. Shy bookworm Charles Dodgson instantly became world famous children's writer Lewis Carroll (although he still found time to write mathematical treatises, which were mostly dull and dry, with the exception of the entertaining scientific pamphlet "Dynamics of a Particle", which was published in 1865).

In the last two decades of his life, Carroll continued to compose, photograph, invent, and think about mathematics. The photographic portraits he made, according to modern estimates, were clearly ahead of their time, but his models (mainly little girls) pose a number of still unresolved questions for biographers. Carroll was, without a doubt, a great original. His lifestyle is by no means standard.

Carroll never married and, according to contemporaries, did not start a long-term relationship with any adult woman at all. The writer died in 1898 from bronchitis, leaving behind a whole series of colorful characters, amazing stories and puzzle games with words, which to this day serve as a source of inspiration for writers, musicians and children around the globe.

MASTER OF ALL THINGS

Carroll was not only the author of one of the most popular works of children's literature, he was also a fan of technological progress, obsessed with invention. Among his inventions: an electric pen, a new form for money transfers, a tricycle, new method alignment of the right margin on a typewriter, one of the first versions of a double-sided exhibition stand and a mnemonic system for remembering names and dates.

Carroll was the first to come up with the idea of ​​printing the title of a book on the spine to make it easier to find the right edition on the shelf. Words invented by Carroll by combining two other words are still actively used in English language. And Carroll, a big fan of riddles and puzzles, came up with a lot of card and logic games, improved the rules of backgammon and created a prototype of the Scrabble game.

MEDICAL MIRACLE

Rumors that Carroll took psychoactive drugs are greatly exaggerated, but even if it were true, who, knowing the writer's medical history, would blame him? You, too, would want to get rid of pain if you suffered from swamp fever, cystitis, lumbago, furunculosis, eczema, synovitis, arthritis, pleurisy, laryngitis, bronchitis, erythema, catarrh of the bladder, rheumatism, neuralgia, insomnia and toothache - all these ailments were found at different times in Carroll. In addition, he was tormented by severe chronic migraines, accompanied by hallucinations - he saw, for example, moving fortresses. Add to this stuttering, perhaps hyperactivity and partial deafness. Well, isn't it a miracle that Carroll was not a heavy opium smoker at the same time? But who knows, maybe he was.

OH MY POOR HEAD!

It is possible that "Alice's Adventures" was a side effect of severe headaches. This conclusion was reached by scientists who published an article in 1999 in the British medical journal The Lancet, which analyzed the hallucinations during migraine attacks described in Carroll's diaries. Recurring images appear in his notes several years before the first edition of Alice in Wonderland, and this supports the assumption that "at least some of Alice's adventures were based on visions of Carroll during a migraine."

I'M SORRY, AM I ANNOUNTING YOU?

Among other health problems, Carroll apparently suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder. He was terribly petty and meticulous. Before embarking on any journey, even a short one, he studied the route on the map and calculated how long each of the stages of the journey would take, leaving nothing to chance. Then he calculated how much money he would need, and put the right amount into different pockets: to pay the fare, tip the porters and buy food and drinks. When tea was being brewed, Carroll required the tea leaves to steep for exactly ten minutes, not a second more and not a second less.

His exaggerated love for inventing and following all sorts of rules extended to those around him. When hosting a gala dinner, Carroll drew a table of seating arrangements for guests, and then wrote down in his diary what each of them ate, "so that people do not have to eat the same thing too often." Once, while visiting the library, he left a note in the suggestion box in which he outlined a better system for arranging books. Once he reproached his own niece for leaving an open book on a chair. He even corrected other writers if he found minor mathematical errors in their works. Yet, like many other originals, Carroll somehow managed to frame everything so that his flaws seemed to people as cute quirks. And his constant nit-picking didn't seem to annoy anyone.

LEWIS CARROLL'S FAVORITE MEANS OF MOVEMENT WAS A TRICYCLE. ONE OF THE MODELS WAS DESIGNED BY THE WRITER HIMSELF.

ASK ALICE

How many years have passed since the death of the writer, and he is still suspected of pedophilia. Was he really a pedophile? There are fierce debates on this. The fact that Carroll had a special affection for girls is obvious. He took hundreds of photographs of young ladies, sometimes in the nude (we are talking about the sight of young ladies, not Carroll himself). There is not a single picture that captures any explicitly sexual scene, however, there is a case when the mother of one girl was seriously scared when she learned that the shooting of a minor would take place without the participation of a companion, and refused Carroll a photographic session. Carroll had a particularly close relationship with Alice Liddell, the prototype main character"Alice in Wonderland". However, in 1863 their friendship ended abruptly. Nobody can say exactly why. The pages of Carroll's diary for this period were later torn out and destroyed by the writer's family, possibly to protect his reputation. Carroll's interest in photography also dried up suddenly, in 1880, add to this the entry in his diary, where the writer speaks of the consciousness of his own sinfulness and guilt that tormented him all his life. What kind of fault, he does not specify. Was there anything else going on on set besides taking pictures? Some of Carroll's biographers have recently argued that the writer was just the real incarnation of Willy Wonka - an innocent male child who was fascinated by children, but did not harm them and did not feel sexual attraction to them. Indeed, there is no evidence left that Carroll even touched any of his models with obscene intentions. Only the White Rabbit knows the truth...

CHARLES DODGSON? DOJACK RIPPER?

Or maybe the eccentric author of "Alice" was actually a misogynist and serial killer? In his 1996 book Jack the Ripper, the Careless Friend, a certain Richard Wallace suggests that the famous London maniac who killed prostitutes was none other than Lewis Carroll. As evidence, Wallace cites excerpts from Carroll's works, in which, in his opinion, detailed descriptions of the Ripper's crimes are hidden in the form of anagrams. For example, the beginning of the poem "Jarmaglot":

Varkalos.

Khlivkie shorky

We dug around,

And grunted zepyuky,

Like mumziki in MOV.

If you rearrange the letters (meaning, of course, the English original, not the translation), you can read the following:

I swear I'll spank testicles

Until I destroy the evil sex with my sword hand.

Slippery business; lend gloves

It's a bit unclear what pig jerking has in common with Jack the Ripper. In addition, Wallace sidesteps the fact that at the time of the murders, Carroll was not in London at all. And anagrams, as you know, were invented for this, so that almost anything could be constructed from any written phrase. In support of this, one writer, the author of a biography of Carroll, rearranged the letters in the phrase from "Winnie the Pooh" and "proved" that Christopher Robin was the true Bloody Jack. Otherwise, Wallace's theory is impeccable.

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