Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, "The Captain's Daughter": analysis, theme, main characters. Characteristics of the main characters of the work The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin. Their images and description The heroine of the captain's daughter

The captain's daughter, the main characters and their characteristics (table) - briefly about each character with a description of the character and literary biography. Thanks to this table, you don’t even have to read Pushkin’s Captain’s Daughter, it is suitable for composing and quickly analyzing each character.

These are the main characters of The Captain's Daughter, and there are also minor ones:

• Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Peter's father, a very strict former military man, but quick-witted comrade. A very strong character, but very hot, a person is constantly busy with his worries, so sometimes he makes mistakes and does not go into details.
• Avdotya Vasilievna- the wife of the elder Grinev and the mother of Peter. From poor family kind and humane.
• Beaupre- an eternally drunk Frenchman who was hired to train Peter. Womanizer and gouging. As soon as Andrey Petrovich caught Bopre in an indecent form, he drove him away with urine rags, and instead appointed Savelich.

In the main characters of The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin embodied his best qualities prose, despite the tragedy of history, it evokes surprising good feelings, and some places are riddled with light irony.

There are times when you need to quickly familiarize yourself with a book, but there is no time to read. For such cases, there brief retelling(brief). "The Captain's Daughter" is a story from the school curriculum, which certainly deserves attention, at least in a brief retelling.

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The main characters of The Captain's Daughter

Before you get acquainted with the story "The Captain's Daughter" in abbreviation, you need to get acquainted with the main characters.

The Captain's Daughter tells about several months in the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, a hereditary nobleman. He is doing military service in the Belogorod fortress during the peasant unrest led by Emelyan Pugachev. Pyotr Grinev himself tells this story with the help of entries in his diary.

Main characters

Minor characters

Chapter I

Even before birth, Pyotr Grinev's father enlisted in the ranks of sergeants of the Semyonovsky regiment, since he himself was a retired officer.

At the age of five, he assigned his son a personal servant named Arkhip Savelich. His task was to bring him up to be a real gentleman. Arkhip Savelyich taught little Peter a lot, for example, to understand the breeds of hunting dogs, Russian literacy and much more.

Four years later, the father sends sixteen-year-old Peter to serve his good friend in Orenburg. Servant Savelich rides with Peter. In Simbirsk, Grinev meets a man named Zurin. He teaches Peter how to play billiards. Having drunk, Grinev loses one hundred rubles to the military man.

Chapter II

Grinev and Savelich got lost on the way to their duty station, but a passer-by showed them the way to the inn. There Peter examines the guide- He looks about forty years old, he has a black beard, a strong physique, and in general he looks like a robber. Having entered into a conversation with the owner of the inn, they discussed something in a foreign language.

The escort is practically undressed, and therefore Grinev decides to give him a rabbit sheepskin coat. The sheepskin coat was so small for him that it literally burst at the seams, but despite this, he was glad of the gift and promised never to forget this good deed. A day later, young Peter, having arrived in Orenburg, introduces himself to the general, who sends him to the Belgorod fortress to serve under Captain Mironov. Not without the help of Father Peter, of course.

Chapter III

Grinev arrives at the Belgorod fortress, which is a village surrounded by a high wall and one cannon. Captain Mironov, under whose leadership Peter came to serve, was a gray-haired old man, and two officers and about a hundred soldiers serve under him. One of the officers is the one-eyed old lieutenant Ivan Ignatich, the second is called Alexei Shvabrin - he was exiled to this place as punishment for the duel.

With Aleksey Shvabrin, the newly arrived Peter met the same evening. Shvabrin told about each of the captain's family: his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna and their daughter Masha. Vasilisa commands both her husband and the entire garrison. And daughter Masha is a very cowardly girl. Later, Grinev himself gets acquainted with Vasilisa and Masha, and also with constable Maksimych . He is very scared of that the upcoming service will be boring and therefore very long.

Chapter IV

Grinev liked the fortress, despite Maksimych's worries. The soldiers here are treated without much strictness, despite the fact that the captain at least occasionally arranges exercises, but they still cannot distinguish “left” and “right”. In the house of Captain Mironov, Pyotr Grinev becomes almost a member of the family, and also falls in love with his daughter Masha.

In one of the outbursts of feelings, Grinev devotes poetry to Masha and reads them to the only one in the castle who understands poetry - Shvabrin. Shvabrin, in a very rude manner, makes fun of his feelings and says that the earrings are it's a more useful gift. Grinev is offended by this too harsh criticism in his direction, and he calls him a liar in response, and Alexei, emotionally challenging him to a duel.

An excited Peter wants to call Ivan Ignatich as a second, but the old man believes that such a showdown is too much. After dinner, Peter tells Shvabrin that Ivan Ignatich did not agree to be a second. Shvabrin proposes to hold a duel without seconds.

Having met in the early morning, they did not have time to find out the relationship in a duel, because they were immediately tied up and taken under arrest by soldiers under the command of a lieutenant. Vasilisa Yegorovna forces them to pretend that they have reconciled, and after that they are released from custody. From Masha, Peter learns that the whole point is that Alexei had already received a refusal from her, which is why he behaved so aggressively.

This did not cool their ardor, and they meet the next day by the river to bring the matter to an end. Peter had already almost defeated the officer in a fair fight, but was distracted by the call. It was Savelich. Turning to a familiar voice, Grinev is wounded in the chest area.

Chapter V

The wound turned out to be so serious that Peter woke up only on the fourth day. Shvabrin decides to make peace with Peter, they apologize to each other. Taking advantage of the moment that Masha is caring for the sick Peter, he confesses his love to her and receives reciprocity in return.

In love and inspired Grinev writes a letter home asking for blessings for the wedding. In response, a strict letter comes with a refusal and the sad news of the death of his mother. Peter thinks that his mother died when she found out about the duel, and suspects Savelich of the denunciation.

The offended servant shows Peter the proof: a letter from his father, where he scolds and scolds him because he did not tell about the injury. After a while, suspicions bring Peter to the conclusion that Shvabrin did this in order to interfere with his happiness and Masha and disrupt the wedding. Upon learning that her parents do not give blessings, Maria refuses to marry.

Chapter VI

In October 1773 very quickly rumor is spreading about the Pugachev rebellion, despite the fact that Mironov tried to keep it a secret. The captain decides to send Maksimych to reconnaissance. Maksimych returns two days later and reports that among the Cossacks an unrest of great strength is rising.

At the same time, Maksimych was informed that he went over to the side of Pugachev and incited the Cossacks to revolt. Maksimych is arrested, and in his place they put the person who denounced him - the baptized Kalmyk Yulai.

Further events pass very quickly: constable Maksimych escapes from custody, one of Pugachev's people is taken prisoner, but he cannot be asked about anything, because he does not have a language. The neighboring fortress is captured, and very soon the rebels will be under the walls of this fortress. Vasilisa and her daughter go to Orenburg.

Chapter VII

The next morning, a bunch of fresh news reaches Grinev: the Cossacks left the fortress, capturing Yulai; Masha did not have time to reach Orenburg and the road was blocked. By order of the captain, the rioters' sentinels are shot from a cannon.

Soon the main army of Pugachev appears, led by Emelyan himself, smartly dressed in a red caftan and riding a white horse. Four traitorous Cossacks offer to surrender, recognizing Pugachev as ruler. They throw Yulai's head over the fence, which falls at Mironov's feet. Mironov gives the order to shoot, and one of the negotiators is killed, the rest manage to escape.

The fortress begins to be stormed, and Mironov says goodbye to his family and gives his blessing to Masha. Vasilisa leads her terrified daughter away. The commandant fires one cannon, gives the order to open the gate, and then rushes into battle.

The soldiers are in no hurry to run after the commander, and the attackers manage to break into the fortress. Grinev is taken prisoner. A large gallows is being built on the square. A crowd gathers around, many greet the rioters with joy. The impostor, sitting on an armchair in the commandant's house, takes oaths from the prisoners. Ignatich and Mironov are hanged for refusing to take the oath.

The queue reaches Grinev, and he notices among the rebels Shvabrin. When Peter is escorted to the gallows to be executed, Savelich unexpectedly falls at Pugachev's feet. Somehow he manages to beg pardon for Grinev. When Vasilisa was taken out of the house, she, seeing her dead husband, emotionally calls Pugachev - "a runaway convict." She is immediately killed for it.

Chapter VIII

Peter began to look for Masha. The news was disappointing - she lies unconscious with the priest's wife, who tells everyone that this is her seriously ill relative. Peter returns to the old ransacked apartment and learns from Savelich how he managed to persuade Pugachev to let Peter go.

Pugachev is the same passer-by whom they met when they got lost and presented a rabbit coat. Pugachev invites Peter to the commandant's house, and he eats there with the rebels at the same table.

During dinner, he manages to overhear how the military council is making plans to go to Orenburg. After dinner, Grinev and Pugachev have a conversation where Pugachev again demands to take the oath. Peter again refuses him, arguing that he is an officer and the orders of his commanders are the law for him. Such honesty is to the liking of Pugachev, and he again releases Peter.

Chapter IX

On the morning before Pugachev's departure, Savelyich comes up to him and brings the things that were taken from Grinev during his capture. At the very end of the list is a hare sheepskin coat. Pugachev gets angry and throws out a sheet of paper with this list. Leaving, he leaves Shvabrin as commandant.

Grinev rushes to the priest's wife to find out how Masha's health is, but very disappointing news awaits him - she is delirious and in a fever. He can't take her away, but he can't stay either. So he has to leave her temporarily.

Worried, Grinev and Savelich walk at a slow pace to Orenburg. Suddenly, unexpectedly, they are overtaken by the former constable Maksimych, who is riding a Bashkir horse. It turned out that it was Pugachev who said to give the officer a horse and a sheepskin coat. Peter gratefully accepts this gift.

Chapter X

Arriving in Orenburg, Peter reports to the general about everything that was in the fortress. At the council, they decide not to attack, but only to defend themselves. After some time, the siege of Orenburg by Pugachev's army begins. Thanks to a fast horse and luck, Grinev remains safe and sound.

In one of these sorties, he intersects with Maksimych. Maksimych gives him a letter from Masha, which says that Shvabrin kidnapped her and forcibly forces her to marry him. Grinev runs to the general and asks for a company of soldiers to liberate the Belgorod fortress, but the general refuses him.

Chapter XI

Grinev and Savelyich decide to flee from Orenburg and without any problems go towards the Bermuda settlement, which was occupied by Pugachev's people. After waiting for the night, they decide to go around the settlement in the dark, but they are caught by a detachment of sentinels. He miraculously manages to escape, but Savelich, unfortunately, does not.

Therefore, Peter returns for him and is subsequently captured. Pugachev finds out why he fled from Orenburg. Peter informs him about the tricks of Shvabrin. Pugachev begins to get angry and threatens to hang him.

Pugachev's adviser does not believe in Grinev's story, claiming that Peter is a spy. Suddenly, a second adviser named Khlopusha begins to intercede for Peter. They almost start a fight, but the impostor calms them down. Pugachev decides to take the wedding of Peter and Masha into his own hands.

Chapter XII

When Pugachev arrived to the Belgorod fortress, he began to demand to show the girl who was kidnapped by Shvabrin. He brings Pugachev and Grinev to the room where Masha is sitting on the floor.

Pugachev, having decided to look into the situation, asks Masha why her husband is beating her. Masha indignantly exclaims that she will never become his wife. Pugachev is very disappointed in Shvabrin and tells him to let the young couple go immediately.

Chapter XIII

Masha with Peter go on the road. When they enter the town, where there should be a large detachment of Pugachev’s, they see that the town has already been liberated. They want to arrest Grinev, he enters the officer's room and sees his old acquaintance, Zurin, at the head.

He remains in Zurin's detachment, and sends Masha and Savelich to his parents. Soon the siege was lifted from Orenburg, and the news comes of the victory and the end of the war, as the impostor is captured. While Peter was going home, Zurin received an order for his arrest.

Chapter XIV

In the Court, Pyotr Grinev is accused of treason and espionage. Witness - Shvabrin. In order not to involve Masha in this matter, Peter does not justify himself in any way, and they want to hang him. Empress Catherine, taking pity on his elderly father, changes the execution to serving a life sentence in a Siberian settlement. Masha decides that she will wallow at the feet of the empress, begging to have mercy on him.

Having gone to St. Petersburg, she stops at an inn and finds out that the hostess is the niece of the furnace stoker in the palace. She helps Masha to get into the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, where she meets a lady who promises to help her. After a while, a carriage arrives from the palace for Masha. Entering Catherine's chambers, she is surprised to see the woman she was talking to in the garden. She announces to her that Grinev is acquitted. read our article.

Afterword

It was a short summary. "The Captain's Daughter" is pretty interesting story from the school curriculum. Summary by chapters needed for.

« Captain's daughter"- one of the first and most famous works Russian historical prose, a novel by A. S. Pushkin, dedicated to the events Peasants' War 1773-1775 under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. The main characters of the work "The Captain's Daughter" live in the imagination of each reader an unusual life.

The main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"

The protagonist of The Captain's Daughter - Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. An honest, decent, to the end faithful to his duty young man. He is 17 years old, he is a Russian nobleman who has just entered the military service. One of the main qualities of Grinev is sincerity. He is sincere with the characters of the novel and with the readers. Telling his own life, he did not seek to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he is excited and does not hide it: “I confess that I did not have that composure, which almost always boast of those who were in my position.” He also directly and simply speaks of his condition before the conversation with Pugachev on the day of his capture Belogorsk fortress: "The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded." Grinev does not hide his negative actions either (an incident in a tavern, during a snowstorm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his remorse (the case of Savelich).

Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few defending the Belogorsk fortress, when, despite the command of the commandant, "the timid garrison does not move." He returns for the straggler Savelich.

These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely puts up with Shvabrin. He does not tend to be malicious. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to "triumph over the humiliated enemy."

A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha.

Pugachev Emelyan Ivanovich - the leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself the "great sovereign" Peter III. Pugachev is one of the main characters of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", the invader of the fortress in which the main characters of the story are located. This image in the novel is multifaceted: Pugachev is both evil, and generous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of his environment.

The image of Pugachev is given in the novel through the eyes of Grinev, a disinterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the presentation of the hero. At the first meeting of Grinev with Pugachev, the appearance of the rebel is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of average height, thin, broad-shouldered, with gray hair in a black beard, with shifty eyes, a pleasant but roguish expression.

The second meeting with Pugachev, in the besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in armchairs, then prancing on horseback surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly cracks down on the defenders of the fortress who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that Pugachev is playing, portraying a “real sovereign”. He, from the royal hand, "executes so he executes, he has mercy so he has mercy."

And only during the third meeting with Grinev Pugacheva is fully revealed. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. Pugachev sings his favorite song (“Don't make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a fairy tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. Pugachev understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what is the price in case of loss. He does not trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But still he hopes for the best: “Isn’t there luck for the daring one?” But Pugachev's hopes are not justified. He is arrested and executed: "and nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people."

Pugachev is inseparable from the element of the people, he leads it after him, but at the same time he depends on it. It is no coincidence that for the first time in the story he appears during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn off this path. The pacification of the rebellion is tantamount to the death of Pugachev, which happens at the end of the novel.

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - a nobleman, the antipode of Grinev in the novel. Shvabrin is swarthy, not good-looking, lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for the fifth year. He was transferred here for “murder” (he stabbed a lieutenant in a duel). He is distinguished by mockery and even contempt (during the first meeting with Grinev, he very mockingly describes all the inhabitants of the fortress). Shvabrin is very smart. Undoubtedly, he was more educated than Grinev, he was even associated with V.K. Trediakovsky.

Shvabrin courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Without forgiving her this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (recommends Grinev to give her not a poem, but earrings: “I know from experience her temper and custom”, speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) . All this speaks of the spiritual dishonor of the hero. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Shvabrin stabs him in the back (when the enemy looks back at the call of the servant). Then the reader suspects Shvabrin of a secret denunciation to Grinev's parents about the duel. Because of this, the father forbids Grinev to marry Masha. The complete loss of notions of honor leads Shvabrin to treason. He goes over to Pugachev's side and becomes one of the commanders there. Using his power, Shvabrin is trying to persuade Masha to an alliance, holding her captive. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Shvabrin, he rolls at his feet. The meanness of the hero turns into his shame. At the end of the novel, having been captured by government troops, Shvabrin informs on Grinev. He claims that he also went over to the side of Pugachev. Thus, in his meanness, this hero comes to the end.

Maria Ivanovna Mironova - the main female character of the story, the same captain's daughter, because of which the story has such a name. Masha is a girl of about eighteen, pretty, modest, capable of loving passionately and devotedly.

This image represents high morality and spiritual purity. Such a detail is interesting: there are very few conversations in the novel, in general, Masha's words. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and actions are always infallible. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines simplicity with a high moral sense. She rightly assessed human qualities Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, which fell to her lot (the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, the captivity of Shvabrin), Masha maintains unshakable stamina and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, at the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal with an equal, talks with an unrecognized empress and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, rescuing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best features of the Russian national character.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov- the captain of the fortress, in which the events of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" unfold. This minor character the father of the main character. In the story, his fortress is captured by rebels led by Pugachev. Captain Mironov is the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, a kind, honest, deeply decent person, a faithful servant who did not violate the oath even in the face of death.

Vasilisa Egorovna- the wife of Captain Mironov, kind, economic, passionately loving her husband and daughter. A woman who is aware of all the events in the fortress.

Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Petrusha's father, in his youth he served under Count Minich and retired as prime minister. For his only son, he does not look for easy ways, therefore he sends him to serve not in St. Petersburg, where the regiment to which Petrusha was assigned is quartered, but in the outback, in the army, in the Belogorsk fortress.

Avdotya Vasilievna Grineva- Petrusha's mother, a wife who gave birth to 9 children, 8 of whom died in infancy, so Petrusha turned out to be the only son of the Grinevs.

Beaupre- Petrusha's tutor, who was a hairdresser in France.

Savelich- Uncle Petrusha, that is, the serf Grinevs, who raised Petrusha, watched the child while he was growing up. sent with Peter to the fortress. Thanks to Savelich, Pyotr Grinev was not executed by Pugachev.

Ivan Ivanovich Zurin- the captain who beat Petrusha in Simbirsk. At the end of the story, it will contribute to the capture of the fugitive Shvabrin.

The main characters of the novel "The Captain's Daughter"— Petr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin immediately attract the attention of the reader. From the very beginning of acquaintance with them, it turns out that these people have very, very little in common. However, they are both young, daring, hot, smart and, in addition to everything, are of noble origin. Fate decreed that both of them ended up in a distant fortress and both fell in love with the captain's daughter Masha Mironova. And it is in the feeling for Masha that the difference between the characters begins to appear.
Even before Pyotr Grinev met Masha, Shvabrin had already taken care to present her to a potential rival as a "perfect fool." Shvabrin is caustic and mocking, he tries to ridicule everything and everyone around him. That is why it becomes more and more difficult for Grinev to communicate with him. “Of course, I saw AI Shvabrin every day; but hour by hour his conversation became less agreeable to me. I didn't like his constant jokes about the commandant's family, especially his caustic remarks about Marya Ivanovna. There was no other society in the fortress, but I didn’t want another.”
The first major quarrel that led to the duel broke out between Shvabrin and Grinev precisely because of Masha. Shvabrin set out to discredit the honest name of the girl, tried to show her in the most unfavorable light. The quarrel showed Grinev the true face of his opponent. And he has a completely different assessment of his recent interlocutor, with whom he had previously been on the most friendly terms.
Only later did Pyotr Grinev find out that, it turns out, Shvabrin has tender feelings for Masha. He even wooed the captain's daughter, however, was refused. Only then Pyotr Grinev guessed that in fact Shvabrin specifically wanted to discredit the poor girl in his eyes. Shvabrin was afraid of rivalry and did everything possible to remove the obstacle in the person of Grinev.
It seems surprising to the reader that such a simple girl as Masha Mironova could arouse Shvabrin's interest. Obviously, Masha's modest grace, sensitivity and tenderness seemed to Shvabrin quite worthy of attention. Masha's refusal hurts Shvabrin's pride and makes it impossible to continue any relationship with her. Needless to say, the happy lover Pyotr Grinev quickly becomes Shvabrin's enemy.
Shvabrin is not distinguished by nobility. That is why he easily commits betrayal and goes over to the side of Pugachev. How amazed Pyotr Grinev was when he saw Shvabrin among Pugachev's close associates.
What can the betrayal of a nobleman testify to? First of all, this means that the word "honor" is an empty phrase for him. Shvabrin is afraid to lose his life, and he is ready to do anything for the sake of his salvation, which is why he takes the side of the rebels. And now the oath given to the empress is forgotten, all the ideals and traditions of the nobility are forgotten.
Grinev was brought up in the family of a retired military man and became an officer himself. Officer honor is above all for him. Therefore, despite the mortal danger, Grinev does not change the military oath and dares to stand up for the orphaned Masha Mironova. Thus, rivals in love find themselves on opposite sides of the barricade.

Two officers - Pyotr Grinev and Aleksey Shvabrin - behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are carriers of two fundamentally different worldviews. These are the main characters of the story "The Captain's Daughter" in the image of the author.

« will help to understand their inner world and the reasons for their actions.

Now you know who the main characters of the story "The Captain's Daughter" are, whom you should remember perfectly well if you read the work in full.

Grinev Petr Andreevich - main character Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter". Russian provincial nobleman, on whose behalf the story is told about the era of the Pugachev rebellion.

Emelyan Pugachev - one of the main characters of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", the leader of the anti-noble uprising, the invader of the fortress in which the main characters of the story are located.

Shvabrin Alexei Ivanovich - a minor character in Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", the antagonist of the main character.

Masha, Maria Kuzminichna Mironova - the main female character of the story, the same captain's daughter, because of which the story has such a name.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov is the captain of the fortress in which the events of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" unfold. This is a minor character, the father of the main character. In the story, his fortress is captured by rebels led by Pugachev.

The main characters of The Captain's Daughter

The protagonist of The Captain's Daughter is Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. An honest, decent, to the end faithful to his duty young man. He is 17 years old, he is a Russian nobleman who has just entered the military service. One of the main qualities of Grinev is sincerity. He is sincere with the characters of the novel and with the readers. Telling his own life, he did not seek to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he is excited and does not hide it: “I confess that I did not have that composure, which almost always boast of those who were in my position.” He also directly and simply speaks of his condition before the conversation with Pugachev on the day he captured the Belogorsk fortress: “The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded.” Grinev does not hide his negative actions either (an incident in a tavern, during a snowstorm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his remorse (the case of Savelich). Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few defending the Belogorsk fortress, when, despite the command of the commandant, "the timid garrison does not move." He returns for the straggler Savelich. These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely puts up with Shvabrin. He does not tend to be malicious. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to "triumph over the humiliated enemy." A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha. Pugachev Emelyan Ivanovich - the leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself the "great sovereign" Peter III. Pugachev is one of the main characters of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", the invader of the fortress in which the main characters of the story are located. This image in the novel is multifaceted: Pugachev is both evil, and generous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of his environment. The image of Pugachev is given in the novel through the eyes of Grinev, a disinterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the presentation of the hero. At the first meeting of Grinev with Pugachev, the appearance of the rebel is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of average height, thin, broad-shouldered, with gray hair in a black beard, with shifty eyes, a pleasant but roguish expression. The second meeting with Pugachev, in the besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in armchairs, then prancing on horseback surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly cracks down on the defenders of the fortress who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that Pugachev is playing, portraying a “real sovereign”. He, from the royal hand, "executes so he executes, he has mercy so he has mercy." And only during the third meeting with Grinev Pugacheva is fully revealed. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. Pugachev sings his favorite song (“Don't make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a fairy tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. Pugachev understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what is the price in case of loss. He does not trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But still he hopes for the best: “Is there no luck for the daring one? But Pugachev's hopes are not justified. He is arrested and executed: "and nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people." Pugachev is inseparable from the element of the people, he leads it after him, but at the same time he depends on it. It is no coincidence that for the first time in the story he appears during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn off this path. The pacification of the rebellion is tantamount to the death of Pugachev, which happens at the end of the novel. Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - yard

The heroes of the novel "The Captain's Daughter" brief description

Pyotr Grinev - Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. 16 year old nobleman. Grinev enters the service in the Belogorsk fortress near Orenburg. Here he falls in love with the boss's daughter, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova.

Masha Mironova - Marya Ivanovna Mironova, the captain's daughter. 18-year-old daughter of Captain Mironov. A smart and kind girl, a poor noblewoman. Masha and Petr Grinev fall in love with each other. They overcome many difficulties on the way to happiness.

Emelyan Pugachev - Don Cossack. Raises an uprising and pretends to be the late Emperor Peter III (husband of Catherine II). He attacks the Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev serves. Pugachev has friendly relations with Grinev, despite the fact that Pugachev is a cruel robber.

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - Shvabrin is a young officer, a nobleman from a good family. Serves together with Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress. A mean and deceitful person. During the Pugachev rebellion, he goes over to the side of the impostor Pugachev.

Savelich - Arkhip Savelyev, or Savelich - the old servant of Pyotr Grinev. Economic and kind old man. He loves Grinev and is ready to give his life for him. Grouchy and loves to read sermons to Grinev, but always wishes him well.

Captain Mironov - Ivan Kuzmich Mironov - an old officer, commandant (chief) of the Belogorsk fortress. Kind and hospitable person. Experienced warrior, about 40 years old military service. "Henpecked" and a bad leader.

Captain Vasilisa Yegorovna - Vasilisa Yegorovna Mironova - the old wife of Captain Mironov, "captain", "commandant". Kind, hospitable hostess. A brave and brave woman. Governs both her husband and the entire fortress.

Ivan Ignatich - Old "crooked" officer, lieutenant. Serves in the Belogorsk fortress. He is friends with the Mironov family. Experienced warrior. In battles, he lost one eye. Good lonely old man.

Zurin - Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, a 35-year-old officer, a friend of Grinev. Zurin meets Grinev in Simbirsk playing billiards. Zurin likes to drink, play cards and billiards. At the same time, he is a good, honest officer.

Beaupre - Teacher of young Petrusha Grinev. Former barber from France, served as a soldier in Germany. Bad teacher, lover of booze and women. Grinev taught fencing.

Catherine II - Empress Catherine II the Great. Masha Mironova once meets the Empress personally in the garden. Catherine II helps Masha. The Empress decides to pardon Grinev, who was arrested for "friendship" with Pugachev.

General Andrei Karlovich - Andrei Karlovich R. is an old friend of Andrei Grinev (Peter Grinev's father). The general leads the troops of the Orenburg province. He is of German origin. Old lonely officer. Kind and smart person. Likes order and economy.

Pyotr Grinev's father, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, is a former officer, retired prime minister. Wealthy nobleman. Strict, firm and proud person. He does not spoil his son and wants to educate him in character.

Pyotr Grinev's mother, Avdotya Vasilievna Yu., is a kind woman who came from a poor noble family. Pyotr Grinev is her only son. A good hostess, patient and understanding wife.

After the brutal suppression of the rebellious uprising of military settlers in Staraya Russa in the early 30s of the 19th century, Pushkin draws attention to the "troubled" times in the history of the fatherland. From here begins the story of the creation of the "Captain's Daughter". The image of the rebel Pugachev fascinates and attracts the attention of the poet. And this theme occurs immediately in two of Pushkin's works: the historical work "The History of Pugachev" and "The Captain's Daughter". Both works are dedicated to the events of 1773-1775 under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev.

Initial stage: collection of information, creation of the "History of Pugachev"

The history of the creation of the "Captain's Daughter" takes more than 3 years. Pushkin was the first to write the work "The History of Pugachev", for which he carefully collected facts and evidence. He had to travel around several provinces in the Volga region and the Orenburg region, where the uprising took place and witnesses of those events still lived. By decree of the king, the poet was granted access to secret documents relating to the uprising and its suppression by the authorities. Family archives and private collections of documents were a large part of the sources of information. Pushkin's Archival Notebooks contain copies of nominal decrees and letters of Emelyan Pugachev himself. The poet communicated with old people who knew Pugachev and passed on legends about him. The poet asked, wrote down, examined the battlefields. He scrupulously and punctually recorded all the information collected in the historical work “The History of Pugachev”. A small novel reveals to us one of the most exciting pages in Russian history - the period of Pugachevism. This work was called "History of the Pugachev rebellion" and was published in 1834. Only after the creation of a historical work did the poet begin to write an artistic one - “The Captain's Daughter”.

Prototypes of heroes, building a storyline

The narration in the novel is conducted on behalf of a young officer Pyotr Grinev, who is serving in the Belogorsk fortress. Several times the author changed the plan of the work, built the plot in different ways and renamed the characters. At the beginning, the hero of the work was conceived by a young nobleman who went over to the side of Pugachev. The poet studied the history of the nobleman Shvanvich, who voluntarily went over to the side of the rebels, and the officer Basharin, who was captured by Pugachev. Based on their true cases, two actors, one of which is a nobleman who became a traitor, whose image required passing through the moral and censorship barriers of that time. We can say that officer Shvanovich served as the prototype for Shvabrin. This surname was mentioned in the royal decree "On the death penalty for the traitor rebel and impostor Pugachev and his accomplices." And the main character of The Captain's Daughter, Grinev, was created by the author on the basis of the true story of an officer taken into custody by the authorities. He was suspected of having links with but later this was not confirmed, the officer was found not guilty and released.

Publication and history of the creation of Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter

For Pushkin, covering such an acute political topic was not an easy task, as evidenced by the history of the creation of The Captain's Daughter: numerous changes in the construction of the plan of the work, a change in the names of the characters and the storyline.

The story "The Captain's Daughter" was first mentioned in the middle of 1832. The work itself appeared in print in December 1836 in the Sovremennik magazine without the author's signature. However, the censorship banned the publication of the chapter about the rebellion of the peasants in the village of Grinev, which the poet himself later called "The Missed Chapter". For Pushkin, the creation of The Captain's Daughter took last years his life, after the publication of the work, the poet died tragically in a duel.

Alexander Sergeevich had to put a lot of effort into creating the characters. He turned to unpublished documents, family archives, vehemently studied the history of the uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev. Pushkin visited many cities in the Volga region, including Kazan and Astrakhan, where the "exploits" of the rebel began. He even found the relatives of the participants in order to more reliably study all the information. From the materials obtained, it was compiled historical work"History of Pugachev", which was used by him to create his own Pugachev for "The Captain's Daughter". I had to think at the same time about censorship and a character that contradicted not only the moral and ethical values ​​of that time, but also raised political discussions. At first, his renegade nobleman was supposed to take the side of Pugachev, but even in the course of the plan, the plan changed many times.

As a result, the character had to be divided into two - "light" and "dark", that is, the defender Grinev and the traitor Shvabrin. Shvabrin absorbed all the worst qualities, from betrayal to cowardice.

The world of heroes of "The Captain's Daughter"

The poet managed to describe truly Russian qualities and character traits on the pages of the story. Pushkin very clearly and colorfully manages to convey the opposites of the characters of people from the same class. In the work "Onegin" he vividly described the opposite types of the nobility in the images of Tatiana and Onegin, and in "The Captain's Daughter" he managed to show the opposite character of the types of the Russian peasantry: prudent, devoted to the owners, reasonable and prudent Savelyich and rebellious, frantic, recalcitrant Pugachev. In the story "The Captain's Daughter", the characterization of the characters is given very believably and expressively.

Nobleman Grinev

The main characters deserve special attention in our story. The hero of The Captain's Daughter, a young officer Grinev, on whose behalf the story is being told, was brought up in the old traditions. He was given from an early age to the care of Savelich, whose influence only intensified after the expulsion of the French teacher Beaupre. Not yet born into the world, Peter was recorded as a sergeant, which determined his entire future.

Pyotr Alekseevich Grinev - the main character of The Captain's Daughter - was created in the image of a real person, information about which Pushkin found in archival documents of the Pugachev era. The prototype of Grinev is officer Basharin, who was captured by the rebels and fled from him. The creation of the story "The Captain's Daughter" was accompanied by a change in the name of the hero. It changed several times (Bulanin, Valuev), until the author settled on Grinev. Mercy, “family thought”, free choice in difficult and harsh circumstances are associated with the image of the main character.

Describing through the mouth of Grinev the terrible consequences of Pugachevism, Pushkin calls the rebellion senseless and merciless. Mountains of dead bodies, a bunch of people chained, beaten with whips and hanged - these are the terrible consequences of the uprising. Seeing the robbed and devastated villages, fires, innocent victims, Grinev exclaims: "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless."

Serf Savelich

The creation of the story "The Captain's Daughter" would have been impossible without a vivid image of a native of the people. Serf Savelich firmly believed that he was born only to serve his master. He could not imagine another life. But his service to the masters is not servility, he is full of self-esteem and nobility.

Savelyich is rich in inner disinterested affection and self-sacrifice. He loves his young master like a father, takes care of him and suffers from unfair reproaches against him. This old man suffers from loneliness, because he devoted his whole life to serving the masters.

Rebel Pugachev

The poet managed to convey another vivid image of the Russian character through Emelyan Pugachev. This hero of The Captain's Daughter is viewed by Pushkin from two different angles. One Pugachev is a smart, with great ingenuity and insightful peasant, whom we see as common man described in a personal relationship with Grinev. He remembers the good done to him and is deeply grateful. Another Pugachev is a cruel and merciless executioner, sending people to the gallows and executing the elderly widow of commandant Mironov. This side of Pugachev is disgusting, striking in its bloody cruelty.

The story "The Captain's Daughter" makes it clear that Pugachev is an unwilling villain. He was chosen for the role of "leader" by the elders and was later betrayed by them. Pugachev himself believed that Russia was destined to be punished through his reproach. He understood that he was doomed, that he was only a leading player in the rebellious element. But at the same time, Pugachev is not a soulless puppet in the hands of the elders; he exerts all his courage, perseverance and mental strength for the success of the uprising.

The main character's antagonist - Shvabrin

The nobleman Shvabrin, the hero of The Captain's Daughter, is another real person, mentions of which were found by Pushkin in archival documents. In contrast to the noble and honest Grinev, Shvabrin is a scoundrel with a dishonorable soul. He easily goes over to the side of Pugachev, as soon as he captured the Belgorod fortress. By force, he is trying to achieve Machine location.

But at the same time, Shvabrin is far from stupid, he is a witty and entertaining interlocutor who ended up in the service of the Belgorod fortress for his love of dueling fights. It is because of Shvabrin that Grinev falls under suspicion of treason and almost loses his life.

Captain's daughter Maria Mironova

The story "The Captain's Daughter" also tells about love in the difficult time of the popular uprising. main character"The Captain's Daughter" - Maria Mironova, brought up on French novels dowry, daughter of the captain of the Belogorsk fortress. It is because of her that Grinev and Shvabrin duel, although she cannot belong to either of them. Parents forbade Petrusha even to think about marrying a dowry, and the scoundrel Shvabrin, who practically won the duel, has no place in the girl's heart.

She did not succumb to him during the capture of the fortress, when he tried to force her favor. Masha contains all the best character traits of a Russian woman - innocence and purity of character, warmth, patience and readiness for self-sacrifice, fortitude and the ability not to change one's principles. In order to save Masha from the hands of Shvabrin, Grinev goes to Pugachev to ask him to release his beloved.

Description of events in the story

The description of events is based on the memoirs of the fifty-year-old nobleman Petr Alekseevich Grinev. They were written during the reign of Emperor Alexander and are dedicated to the uprising of the peasants led by Emelyan Pugachev. By the will of fate, the young officer had to take an involuntary part in it.

Petrusha's childhood

The story of The Captain's Daughter begins with Pyotr Andreevich's ironic memories of his childhood. His father is a retired prime minister, his mother is the daughter of a poor nobleman. All eight brothers and sisters of Petrusha died in childhood, and the hero himself was recorded as a sergeant while still in his mother's womb. At the age of five, the aspiring Savelych is assigned to the boy, who is favored by Petrusha as uncles. Under his leadership, he learned Russian literacy and "could sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." After the young master was discharged as a teacher, the Frenchman Beaupre, whose teaching ended in shameful exile for drunkenness and spoiling the yard girls.

Young Petrusha lives a carefree life until the age of sixteen, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog. At the age of seventeen, the father decides to send the undergrowth to the service, but not in the Semenovsky regiment, but in the army, so that he sniffs gunpowder. This was the reason for the disappointment of the young nobleman, who hoped for fun and a carefree life in the capital.

Service officer Grinev

On the way to Orenburg, the master and his servant fall into a strong snowstorm, and they were already completely lost when they came across a black-bearded gypsy who led them to the litter. On the way to housing, Peter Andreevich has a prophetic and terrible dream. Grateful Grinev gives his savior a rabbit coat and treats him with a glass of wine. After mutual gratitude, the gypsies and Grinev part.

Arriving at the place, Peter was surprised to find that the Belgorod fortress did not look like an impregnable bastion at all - it was just a nice small village behind a wooden fence. Instead of remote soldiers - military invalids, and instead of formidable artillery - an old cannon, in the mouth of which old garbage is clogged.

The head of the fortress - an honest and kind officer Mironov - is not strong in education and is completely under the influence of his wife. The wife runs the fortress as her household. The Mironovs accept young Petrusha as their own, and he himself becomes attached to them and falls in love with their daughter Maria. The easy service disposes to reading books and writing poetry.

At the beginning of the service, Pyotr Grinev feels friendly sympathy for Lieutenant Shvabrin, who is close to him in education and occupation. But Shvabrin's causticity, with which he criticized Grinev's poems, served as a pretext for a quarrel between them, and dirty hints towards Masha - an occasion for a duel, during which Grinev was meanly wounded by Shvabrin.

Maria takes care of the wounded Peter, and they confess their mutual feelings to each other. Peter writes a letter to his parents, asking their blessings for his marriage. However, having learned that Mary does not have a dowry, the father forbids his son to think about the girl.

Pugachev's uprising

The creation of the "Captain's Daughter" is associated with a popular uprising. In the story, events unfolded as follows. In a fortress village, a dumb Bashkir is caught with outrageous messages. Residents fearfully await the attack of the rebellious peasants led by Pugachev. And the attack of the rebels happened unexpectedly, at the first military attack, the fortress surrendered its positions. Residents came out to meet Pugachev with bread and salt, and they are led to the city square to take the oath to the new "sovereign". The commandant and his wife die, refusing to swear allegiance to the impostor Pugachev. The gallows awaits Grinev, but later Emelyan himself pardons him, recognizing in him that fellow traveler whom he saved in a snowstorm and received a hare coat as a gift from him.

Pugachev releases the officer, and he sets off for help in the direction of Orenburg. He wants to save the sick Masha from captivity, whom the priest passes off as his niece. He is very worried about her safety, because Shvabrin, who has gone over to the side of the rebels, has been appointed commandant. Orenburg did not take seriously his reports and refused to help. And soon the city itself was under a long siege. By chance, Grinev receives a letter from Masha asking for help, and he again heads to the fortress. There, with the help of Pugachev, he frees Masha, and he himself falls under suspicion of espionage at the suggestion of the same Shvabrin.

Final Analysis

The main text of the story is compiled from the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. Critics gave the story "The Captain's Daughter" the following characteristic: this is a historically important story. The era of Pugachevism is seen through the eyes of a nobleman who took an oath of allegiance to the Empress and faithfully followed his duty as an officer. And even in a difficult situation, among the mountains of dead bodies and the sea of ​​people's blood, he did not violate given word and saved the honor of the uniform.

The popular uprising led by Pugachev is considered in The Captain's Daughter as a national tragedy. Pushkin contrasts people and power.

Critics call the story "The Captain's Daughter" the pinnacle of Pushkin's artistic prose. Truly Russian characters and types began to live in the work. All of Pushkin's poetry is permeated with a rebellious spirit, he transcends the boundaries of everyday life. And in the story, in the story of Pugachev's rebellion, the poet sings of liberty and rebellion. Russian classics gave the story "The Captain's Daughter" a positive review. Another masterpiece was added to Russian literature.

"The Captain's Daughter": genre affiliation

Is it possible to consider that the story "The Captain's Daughter" has a genre historical novel? After all, the poet himself believed that by highlighting in his work the whole historical era, he might consider it a novel. However, according to the volume accepted in literary criticism, the work is classified as a story. Few critics admit that The Captain's Daughter is a novel, more often it is called a story or short story.

"The Captain's Daughter" in the theater and productions

To date, many theatrical and film performances of the story "The Captain's Daughter" have been staged. The most popular was the feature film by Pavel Reznikov with the same name. The picture was released in 1978 and is essentially a film performance. The roles of the main characters were given to well-known and familiar actors for viewers. The peculiarity of the acting is that no one gets used to the character, no one is put on special make-up, and in general there is nothing that would connect the actors and the book, except for the text. It is the text that creates the mood, makes the viewer feel it, and the actors simply read it with their own voice. Despite all the originality of the production of the story "The Captain's Daughter", the picture received amazing reviews. Many theaters still follow the principle of just reading Pushkin's text.

Such, in in general terms, the history of the creation of the story "The Captain's Daughter" by A. S. Pushkin.