Everyone is familiar with the Latin saying: "To err is human." Indeed, on the path of life we ​​are doomed to constantly stumble in order to gain the necessary experience. But people do not always learn lessons even from their own mistakes. Then what about other people's mistakes? Can they teach us something?

It seems to me that this question cannot be answered unambiguously. On the one hand, the entire history of mankind is a chronicle of fatal mistakes, without looking back on which it is impossible to move forward. For example, the international rules of warfare, which prohibit brutal methods of warfare, were developed and refined after the most bloody wars ... The rules we are used to traffic- this is also the result of road mistakes that claimed the lives of many people in the past. The development of transplantology, which today saves thousands of people, became possible only thanks to the perseverance of doctors, as well as the courage of patients who died from complications of the first operations.

On the other hand, does humanity always take into account the mistakes of world history? Of course not. Endless wars, revolutions continue, xenophobia flourishes, despite the convincing lessons of history.

In the life of an individual, I think the situation is the same. Depending on our own level of development and life priorities, each of us either ignores other people's mistakes or takes them into account. Recall the nihilist Bazarov from the novel. Turgenev's hero denies authorities, world experience, art, human feelings. He believes that it is necessary to destroy the social system to the ground, not taking into account the sad experience of the French Revolution. It turns out that Eugene is not able to learn a lesson from the mistakes of others. I.S. Turgenev warns readers about the results of neglecting universal human values. Despite his strength of character and outstanding mind, Bazarov is dying because "nihilism" is a road to nowhere.

But the protagonist of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” understands perfectly well that in order to save one’s life, one must learn from the mistakes of others. Seeing how quickly the prisoners who “go down” for the sake of an extra piece die, Shukhov strives to preserve human dignity. Ivan Denisovich, watching the beggar Fetyukov, whom everyone despise, remarks to himself: “He won’t live his time. Doesn't know how to put himself. What allows Shukhov to draw such a bitter conclusion? Probably, observing the mistakes of other campers, like Fetyukov, who became "jackals".

It turns out that the ability to learn from the mistakes of others is not characteristic of everyone and not in all life situations. It seems to me that when a person gets older and wiser, he begins to treat the negative experience of other people with more attention. And younger people tend to develop by making their own mistakes.

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official comment
As part of the direction, it is possible
reasoning about the value of the spiritual and
practical experience of a separate
individual, people, humanity as a whole,
about the price of mistakes on the way of knowing the world,
gaining life experience.
Literature often makes you think
about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about
error-preventing experience
mistakes, without which it is impossible
moving along the path of life, and
irreparable, tragic mistakes.

Guidelines
"Experience and mistakes" - the direction in which
to a lesser extent, it implies a clear
opposition of two polar concepts,
After all, there is no and cannot be experience without mistakes.
Literary hero making mistakes,
analyzing them and thereby gaining experience,
changing, improving, getting on the road
spiritual and moral development. Giving
assessment of the actions of the characters, the reader
acquires invaluable life experience,
and literature becomes a real textbook
life, helping not to commit their own
mistakes, the price of which can be very
high.

Speaking of committed heroes
errors, it should be noted that
wrong decision,
ambiguous act can
affect not only life
individual, but also the most
fatally affect
the fates of others. In literature we
we meet such tragic
mistakes that affect fates
entire nations. It is in these aspects
can be approached to analyze this
thematic direction.

Aphorisms and sayings
famous people
Do not be shy for fear of making mistakes,
the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself
experience.
Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues
You can make mistakes, do the right thing
there is only one way, so the first
easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, hard
hit the mark.
Aristotle
In all matters we can only learn
by trial and error, falling into error and
correcting.
Karl Raimund Popper

Whoever thinks that
he will not be mistaken if they are for him
think others.
Avreliy Markov
We easily forget our mistakes when
they are known only to us alone.
François de La Rochefoucauld
Take advantage of every mistake.
Ludwig Wittgenstein

Shame may be appropriate
everywhere, but not in the matter of recognition
their mistakes.
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
It is easier to find the error than the truth.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe
In all things we can learn
only by trial and error,
falling into error and correcting.
Karl Raimund Popper

As
support in their
reasoning
can
refer to
next
works.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".
Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and
admitting to what he did, does not fully realize
least all the tragedy committed by him
crime, does not recognize the fallacy of his
theory, he only regrets that he could not transgress,
that he can no longer classify himself as one of the
the chosen ones. And only in hard labor with a soul
the tormented hero does not just repent
(he repented, confessing to the murder), and
embarks on the difficult path of repentance. Writer
emphasizes that a person who recognizes his
mistakes, able to change, he is worthy
forgiveness and needs help and compassion.

M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
The heroes of such different works make
a similar fatal mistake, which to regret
I will be all my life, but fix it already, to
unfortunately they can't do anything. Andrey Sokolov,
leaving for the front, pushes away the hugging him
wife, the hero is irritated by her tears, he is angry,
believing that she is "burying him alive", and comes out
the opposite is true: he returns, and the family
dies. This loss for him is a terrible grief,
and now he blames himself for every little thing and with
with inexpressible pain says: "Until death,
until my last hour, I will die, and not
I'll forgive myself for pushing her away!"

The story of K.G. Paustovsky is a story about
lonely old age. Abandoned by her own daughter
grandmother Katerina writes: “My beloved, this winter is not
I will survive. Come for a day. Let me look at
you, hold your hands." But Nastya reassures
himself with the words: "Since the mother writes, it means she is alive." thinking
about strangers, organizing an exhibition of young
sculptor, the daughter forgets about her only native
man. And just hearing kind words
gratitude "for taking care of a person", the heroine
remembers that she has a telegram in her purse:
“Katya is dying. Tikhon. Remorse is coming
too late: “Mom! How could this happen?
Because I don't have anyone in my life. No and will not
dearer. If only to be in time, if only she saw me,
just to forgive." Daughter arrives but forgiveness
no one else to ask. The bitter experience of the main characters
teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones "until
it's getting late."

M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" succession
the hero of the novel M.Yu. also makes mistakes in his life.
Lermontov. Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin
belongs to the young people of his era who
disappointed in life.
Pechorin himself says about himself: "Two live in me
man: one lives in the full sense of the word,
the other thinks and judges him." Lermontov's character
- an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find
application of your mind, your knowledge. Pechorin -
cruel and indifferent egoist, because he
causes misfortune to everyone with whom it communicates, and it is not
concerned about the condition of others. V.G. Belinsky
called him a "suffering egoist" because
Grigory Alexandrovich blames himself for his
actions, he is aware of his actions, experiences and
nothing brings him satisfaction.

Grigory Alexandrovich is very smart and
reasonable person, he knows how to recognize
his mistakes, but at the same time wants to teach
others to confess their own, as, for example, he
everyone tried to push Grushnitsky on
admission of guilt and wanted to resolve them
dispute peacefully.
The hero realizes his mistakes, but nothing
does in order to correct them, his
his own experience teaches him nothing. Despite
to the fact that Pechorin has an absolute
understanding that it destroys human
life (“destroys the lives of peaceful
smugglers", through his fault Bela dies and
etc.), the hero continues to "play" with fate
other than making himself unhappy.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If
the hero of Lermontov, realizing his
mistakes, could not get on the path
spiritual and moral
perfection, then beloved
heroes of Tolstoy, acquired
experience helps you get better. At
consideration of the topic in this aspect
can be analyzed
images of A. Bolkonsky and P.
Bezukhov.

M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don". Talking about how
the experience of military battles changes people,
makes you evaluate your life
errors, you can refer to the image of Gregory
Melekhov. Fighting now on the side of the whites, now on the
side of the Reds, he understands what a monstrous
injustice around, and he himself commits
mistakes, acquires military experience and makes
the most important conclusions in my life: “... my
you have to plow your hands." Home, family - that's the value. BUT
any ideology that pushes people to kill -
mistake. Already wise by life experience
a person understands that the main thing in life is not war,
and the son who meets at the threshold of the house. Costs
note that the hero admits that he was wrong.
This is the reason for his repeated
throwing from white to red.

M.A. Bulgakov " dog's heart". If to speak
about experience as a "procedure for reproducing
some phenomenon experimental
by creating something new in
certain conditions for the purpose of research,
then the practical experience of the professor
Preobrazhensky to "clarify the question of
survival of the pituitary gland, and later on
its effect on the rejuvenation of the body in humans "
can hardly be called successful in full measure.
From a scientific point of view, he is very successful.
Professor Preobrazhensky conducts
unique operation. Scientific result
turned out to be unexpected and impressive, but in
everyday, everyday plan, he led to the most
disastrous consequences.

After analyzing his mistake, professor
understands that the dog was much
“more humane” than P.P. Sharikov. So
Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid
Sharikov's hybrid is more of a failure than
Victory of Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself
understands this: “Old donkey ... Here, doctor, what
obtained when the researcher, instead of
to walk parallel and groping with nature,
forces the question and lifts the veil: on,
get Sharikov and eat him with porridge.” Philip
Filippovich comes to the conclusion that
violent intervention in nature
individual and society leads to
catastrophic results.

V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera"
Talking about mistakes, irreparable and
bringing suffering not only to everyone
individual person, but also to the people in
in general, one can also refer to the
novels of the writer of the twentieth century. It is not simple
a work about the loss of one's home, but
and how wrong decisions lead to
followed by disasters that
definitely affect life.
society as a whole.

For Rasputin it is quite clear that the collapse,
the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with
family breakdown. And the reason for this is the tragic
the error that progress
much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to
your home. And there is no youth in the hearts
remorse.
Experienced Senior
generation does not want to leave their native island
because he cannot appreciate all the blessings
civilization, and above all because for these
conveniences demand to give Matera, that is, to betray
your past. And the suffering of the elderly is the one
an experience that each of us must learn.
Can't, shouldn't a man give up
their roots.

In discussions on this topic,
turn to history and themes
catastrophes caused by
is a "business" activity
person.
The story of Rasputin is not just
a story about great construction projects, this
tragic experience of previous
generations for our edification, people XXI
century.

SOURCES
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Guidelines for preparing for writing the final essay in 2016/2017
academic year for teachers of Russian language and literature - Stavropol, 2016. - 46 p.
Presenter, teacher of the Russian language and Literature MBOU Secondary School No. 8, Mozdok, Republic of North Ossetia, Pogrebnyak N.M.

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1 Direction "EXPERIENCE AND ERRORS" Guidelines for preparing for writing the final essay

2 Official comment Within the framework of the direction, it is possible to reason about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, people, humanity as a whole, about the price of mistakes on the way of knowing the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes one think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

3 Guidelines “Experience and mistakes” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is implied to a lesser extent, because without mistakes there is no and cannot be experience. The literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, embarks on the path of spiritual and moral development. Giving an assessment of the actions of the characters, the reader acquires his invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one's own mistakes, the price of which can be very high.

4 Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that an incorrectly made decision, an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also most fatally affect the fate of others. In literature, we also encounter such tragic mistakes that affect the fate of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic direction.

5 Aphorisms and sayings of famous people One should not be shy for fear of making mistakes, the biggest mistake is to deprive oneself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues One can err in various ways, one can do right only in one way, therefore the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, hard to hit. Aristotle In all matters we can learn only by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves. Karl Raimund Popper

6 He is deeply mistaken who thinks that he will not be mistaken if others think for him. Avreliy Markov We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us alone. François de La Rochefoucauld Make the most of every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein

7 Modesty can be appropriate everywhere, but not in the matter of admitting one's mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing It is easier to find a mistake than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe In all things, we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves. Karl Raimund Popper

8 For support in your reasoning, you can refer to following works.

9 F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to his deed, does not fully realize the whole tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not transgress, that he cannot now consider himself among the elect. And only in penal servitude the soul-worn hero does not just repent (he repented, confessing to the murder), but embarks on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion.

10 M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man", K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The heroes of such different works make a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, nothing can be corrected. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, repels his wife hugging him, the hero is annoyed by her tears, he is angry, believing that she is "burying him alive", but it turns out the opposite: he returns, and the family dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I won’t forgive myself for pushing her away then!”

11 The story of K.G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Abandoned by her own daughter, grandmother Katerina writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands. But Nastya calms herself with the words: "Since the mother writes, it means she is alive." Thinking about strangers, organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, her daughter forgets about her only loved one. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for caring for a person,” the heroine recalls that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon. Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? Because I don't have anyone in my life. No, and it will not be dearer. If only to be in time, if only she would see me, if only she would forgive me. The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones "before it's too late."

12 M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" The hero of the novel M.Yu. also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Lermontov. Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disappointed in life. Pechorin himself says about himself: "Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him." Lermontov's character is an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find application for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him a "suffering egoist", because Grigory Alexandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries, and nothing brings him satisfaction.

13 Grigory Alexandrovich is a very intelligent and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time he wants to teach others to confess their own, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them, his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding that he destroys human lives (“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers”, Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the fates of others, which makes himself unhappy .

14 L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If the hero of Lermontov, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then the beloved heroes of Tolstoy, the experience gained helps to become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can refer to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov.

15 M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people, makes them evaluate their life mistakes, we can refer to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting on the side of the whites, then on the side of the reds, he understands what a monstrous injustice is around, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: "my hands need to plow." Home, family is the value. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person already wise with life experience understands that the main thing in life is not war, but a son meeting at the threshold of the house. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is the reason for his repeated throwing from white to red.

16 M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing some phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research”, then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the issue of survival of the pituitary gland, and later on its influence on rejuvenation organism in humans” can hardly be called successful in full measure. From a scientific point of view, he is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result turned out to be unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most deplorable consequences.

17 After analyzing his mistake, the professor realizes that the dog was much more “human” than P.P. Sharikov. Thus, we are convinced that Sharikov's humanoid hybrid is more of a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: An old donkey... Here, doctor, what happens when the researcher, instead of walking parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge. Philipp Philippovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results.

18 V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera" Speaking about the mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but to the people as a whole, one can also refer to the specified story of the writer of the twentieth century. This is not just a work about the loss of one's home, but also about how erroneous decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole.

19 For Rasputin, it is quite clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family. And the reason for this is a tragic mistake, which consists in the fact that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people. Wise with life experience, the older generation does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but primarily because they demand to give Matera for these conveniences, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is the experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, must not renounce his roots.

20 In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and the catastrophes that human “economic” activity entailed. Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is a tragic experience of previous generations as a warning to us, people of the 21st century.

21 SOURCES notebook sheets sch&sa=x&ved=0ahukewjo5t7kkkdpahxkeywkhc7sb- IQ_AUICSgC&biw=1352&bih=601#newwindow=1&tbm=isch&q=%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8D+%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE %D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF&imgrc=QhIRugc5LIJ5EM%3A compass NnLSuuXI/AAAAAAAAGPA/28bVRUfkvKg/s1600/essay-clipart _04a.jpg book student language and literature Stavropol, p. Composer of the presentation, teacher of the Russian language and literature, MBOU secondary school 8, Mozdok, North Ossetia-Alania Pogrebnyak N.M.


Official comment: “Experience and mistakes” Within the framework of the direction, discussions are possible about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, people, humanity as a whole, about the price of mistakes on the path of knowledge

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"Experience and Mistakes"

Official comment:

Within the framework of the direction, it is possible to reason about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, people, humanity as a whole, about the price of mistakes on the way of knowing the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes one think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

“Experience and mistakes” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is implied to a lesser extent, because without mistakes there is no and cannot be experience. The literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, embarks on the path of spiritual and moral development. Giving an assessment of the actions of the characters, the reader acquires his invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one's own mistakes, the price of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that an incorrectly made decision, an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also most fatally affect the fate of others. In literature, we also encounter such tragic mistakes that affect the fate of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic direction.

Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:

You should not be shy for fear of making mistakes, the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues

In all matters, we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves. Karl Raimund Popper

Take advantage of every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein

Modesty can be appropriate everywhere, but not in the matter of admitting one's mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

It is easier to find the error than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe

List of references in the direction "Experience and errors"

    A. S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter»

    L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

    F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

    M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

    A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

    I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

    I. A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco"

    A. I. Kuprin " Garnet bracelet»

    A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

    Guy de Maupassant "Necklace"

Materials for literary arguments.

M. Yu. Lermontov novel "A Hero of Our Time"

Only after losing Vera, Pechorin realized that he loved her. The worst mistake is not to appreciate what you have.

A secular lady and a relative of Princess Mary, Vera, arrived in Kislovodsk. Readers learned that Pechorin was once passionately in love with this woman. She also kept in her heart a bright feeling for Grigory Alexandrovich. Vera and Gregory met. And here we already saw another Pechorin: not a cold and evil cynic, but a man of great passions, who has not forgotten anything and feels suffering and pain. After meeting with Vera, who, being a married woman, could not connect with the hero in love with her, Pechorin threw himself into the saddle. He galloped over mountains and dales, exhausting his horse greatly.

On a horse exhausted from fatigue, Pechorin accidentally met Mary and frightened her.

Soon Grushnitsky, with an ardent feeling, began to prove to Pechorin that, after all his antics, he would never be received at the princess's house. Pechorin argued with his friend, proving the opposite.
Pechorin went to the ball to Princess Ligovskaya. Here he began to behave unusually courteously towards Mary: he danced with her like a fine gentleman, protected her from a tipsy officer, helped to cope with a swoon. Mary's mother began to look at Pechorin with different eyes and invited him to her house as a close friend.

Pechorin began to visit the Ligovskys. He became interested in Mary as a woman, but the hero was still attracted to Vera. On one of the rare dates, Vera told Pechorin that she was mortally ill with consumption, so she asks him to spare her reputation. Vera also added that she always understood the soul of Grigory Alexandrovich and accepted him with all his vices.

Pechorin, nevertheless, got along with Mary. The girl confessed to him that she was bored with all the fans, including Grushnitsky. Pechorin, using his charm, from nothing to do, made the princess fall in love with him. He could not even explain to himself why he needed it: either to have fun, or to annoy Grushnitsky, or maybe show Vera that someone needed him too and, thereby, call her jealousy. Gregory succeeded in what he wants: Mary fell in love with him, but at first she hid her feelings.

Meanwhile, Vera began to worry about this novel. On a secret date, she asked Pechorin never to marry Mary and promised him a night meeting in return.

Pechorin, on the other hand, began to get bored in the company of both Mary and Vera.

Vera confessed to her husband her feelings for Pechorin. He took her out of the city. Pechorin, having learned about the imminent departure of Vera, mounted a horse and tried to catch up with his beloved, realizing that he had no one in the world more precious than her. He drove the horse, which died before his eyes.

A. S. Pushkin novel "Eugene Onegin"

People tend to do reckless things. Eugene Onegin rejected Tatyana, who was in love with him, which he regretted, but it was too late. Mistakes are thoughtless actions.

Eugene lived an idle life, walking along the boulevard during the day, and in the evening visiting luxurious salons where he was invited famous people Petersburg. The author emphasizes that Onegin, “afraid of jealous condemnations,” was very careful about his appearance, so he could be in front of a mirror for three hours, bringing his image to perfection. Yevgeny returned from the balls in the morning, when the rest of the inhabitants of St. Petersburg rush to work. By noon, the young man woke up and again

"Until the morning his life is ready,
Monotonous and motley.

However, is Onegin happy?

“No: early the feelings in him cooled down;
He was tired of the noise of the world.

Eugene closes himself off from society, locks himself at home and tries to write on his own, but the young man does not succeed, because "he was sick of hard work." After that, the hero begins to read a lot, but understands that literature will not save him either: "like women, he left books." Eugene from a sociable, secular person becomes a closed young man, prone to a "caustic dispute" and "joke with bile in half."

Eugene lived in a picturesque village, his house was by the river, surrounded by a garden. Wanting to somehow entertain himself, Onegin decided to introduce new orders in his possessions: he replaced the corvée with "easy quitrent". Because of this, the neighbors began to be wary of the hero, believing that "he is the most dangerous eccentric." At the same time, Eugene himself shunned his neighbors, avoiding getting to know them in every possible way.

At the same time, a young landowner Vladimir Lensky returned to one of the nearest villages from Germany. Vladimir was a romantic nature. However, among the villagers Special attention Lensky was attracted by the figure of Onegin, and Vladimir and Eugene gradually became friends.

Tatyana:

"Dika, sad, silent,
Like a doe forest is timid.

Onegin asks if he can see Lensky's beloved and a friend calls him to go to the Larins.

Returning from the Larins, Onegin tells Vladimir that he was pleased to meet them, but his attention was more attracted not by Olga, who "has no life in features", but by her sister Tatyana "who is sad and silent, like Svetlana." The appearance of Onegin at the Larins caused gossip that, perhaps, Tatyana and Evgeny were already engaged. Tatyana realizes that she has fallen in love with Onegin. The girl begins to see Eugene in the heroes of novels, dreaming about a young man, walking in the "silence of the forests" with books about love.

Eugene, who was disappointed with relationships with women in his youth, was touched by Tatyana's letter, and that is why he did not want to deceive the gullible, innocent girl.

Meeting Tatyana in the garden, Evgeny spoke first. The young man said that he was very touched by her sincerity, so he wants to "repay" the girl with his "confession". Onegin tells Tatyana that if a “pleasant lot ordered” him to become a father and husband, then he would not look for another bride, choosing Tatyana as “friend of the day<…>sad." However, Eugene "is not made for bliss." Onegin says that he loves Tatyana like a brother, and at the end of his "confession" turns into a sermon to the girl:

“Learn to rule yourself;
Not everyone will understand you like me;
Inexperience leads to trouble."

After a duel with Lensky, Onegin leaves

The narrator meets again with the already 26-year-old Onegin at one of the social events.

At the party, a lady appears with the general, who attracts the general attention of the public. This woman looked “quiet” and “simple”. Evgeny recognizes Tatyana in a secular lady. Asking a familiar prince who this woman is, Onegin learns that she is the wife of this prince and is really Tatyana Larina. When the prince brings Onegin to the woman, Tatyana does not betray her excitement at all, while Eugene is speechless. Onegin cannot believe that this is the same girl who once wrote him a letter.

In the morning, Evgeny was brought an invitation from Prince N., Tatyana's wife. Onegin, alarmed by memories, eagerly goes to visit, but the “stately”, “careless legislator of the hall” does not seem to notice him. Unable to stand it, Eugene writes a letter to the woman, in which he confesses his love for her.

One spring day, Onegin goes to Tatiana without an invitation. Eugene finds a woman weeping bitterly over his letter. The man falls at her feet. Tatyana asks him to get up and reminds Evgeny how in the garden, in the alley, she humbly listened to his lesson, now it's her turn. She tells Onegin that she was in love with him then, but found only severity in his heart, although she does not blame him, considering the man's act noble. The woman understands that now she is in many ways interesting to Eugene precisely because she has become a prominent secular lady. In parting, Tatyana says:

“I love you (why lie?),
But I am given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever"

And leaves. Eugene is "as if struck by a thunder" by Tatyana's words.

"But the spurs suddenly rang out,
And Tatyana's husband showed up,
And here is my hero
In a minute, evil for him,
Reader, we will now leave,
For a long time ... forever ... ".

I. S. Turgenev novel "Fathers and Sons"

Evgeny Bazarov - the path from nihilism to the acceptance of the versatility of the world.

Nihilist, a person who does not take principles on faithy.

Hearing Nikolai Kirsanov playing the cello, Bazarov laughs, which disapproves of Arkady. Denies art.

An unpleasant conversation took place during an evening tea party. Calling one landowner "rubbish aristocrat", Bazarov aroused the displeasure of the elder Kirsanov, who began to assert that by following the principles, a person benefits society. Eugene in response accused him of also living meaninglessly, like other aristocrats. Pavel Petrovich objected that the nihilists, by their denial, were only aggravating the situation in Russia.

Friends come to visit Odintsova. The meeting made an impression on Bazarov and he suddenly became embarrassed.

Bazarov did not behave the way he always did, which surprised his friend very much. He talked a lot, talked about medicine, botany. Anna Sergeevna willingly supported the conversation, as she understood the sciences. She treated Arkady like a younger brother. At the end of the conversation, she invited the young people to her estate.

While living on the estate, Bazarov began to change. He fell in love, despite the fact that he considered this feeling a romantic bilebird. He could not turn away from her and imagined her in his arms. The feeling was mutual, but they did not want to open up to each other.

Bazarov meets his father's manager, who says that his parents are waiting for him, they are worried. Eugene announces the departure. In the evening, a conversation takes place between Bazar and Anna Sergeevna, where they try to understand what each of them wants to get from life.

Bazarov confesses his love to Odintsova. In response, he hears: “You did not understand me,” and feels extremely embarrassed. Anna Sergeevna believes that without Yevgeny she will be calmer and does not accept his confession. Bazarov decides to leave

They were received well in the house of the elder Bazarovs. The parents were very happy, but knowing that their son did not approve of such a manifestation of feelings, they tried to be more restrained. During dinner, the father told how he runs the household, and the mother only looked at her son.

Bazarov spent very little time at his parents' house, as he was bored. He believed that their attention they interfere with his work. There was a dispute between friends, which almost turned into a quarrel. Arkady tried to prove that it was impossible to live like this, Bazarov did not agree with his opinion.

Parents, having learned about Yevgeny's decision to leave, were very upset, but tried not to show their feelings, especially his father. He reassured his son that if he had to leave, then he had to do it. After leaving, the parents were left alone and were very worried that their son had abandoned them.

On the way, Arkady decided to turn into Nikolskoye. Friends were greeted very coldly. Anna Sergeevna did not go down for a long time, and when she appeared, she had a displeased expression on her face and from her speech it was clear that they were not welcome.

Having met with Odintsova, Bazarov admits his mistakes. They tell each other that they just want to be friends.

Arkady confesses his love to Katya, asks for her hand and she agrees to become his wife. Bazarov says goodbye to his friend, viciously accusing him of being unsuited for decisive matters. Eugene leaves for his parents in the estate.

Living in the parental home, Bazarov does not know what to do. Then he begins to help his father, treats the sick. Opening a peasant who died of typhus, he accidentally wounds himself and becomes infected with typhus. A fever begins, he asks to send for Odintsova. Anna Sergeevna arrives and sees a completely different person. Before dying, Eugene tells her about his real feelings, and then dies.

Eugene rejected the love of his parents, rejected his friend, denied feelings. And only at the threshold of death, he was able to understand that he had chosen the wrong behavior in his life. We can't deny what we can't explain. Life is multifaceted.

I. A. Bunin story "The Gentleman from San Francisco"

Is it possible to gain experience without making mistakes? In childhood and adolescence, our parents protect us, advise us in problematic issues. This largely saves us from mistakes, helps to form character, to gain only useful experience in this life, although not everything always goes well. But real essence We understand life when we stand on the wing on our own. A more meaningful view of what is happening and a sense of responsibility make big changes in our lives. An adult person makes decisions independently, is responsible for himself, understands from his own experience what life is, seeks his own path through trial and error. To understand the true essence of the problem, one can only experience it for oneself, but it is not known what kind of test and difficulties this will bring, and how a person will be able to cope with it.

In Ivan Alekseevich Bunin's story "The Gentleman from San Francisco", the protagonist has no name. We understand that the author puts a deep meaning into his work. The image of a hero refers to people who make the mistake of postponing their lives for later. A gentleman from San Francisco devoted his whole life to work, he wanted to save enough money, become rich, and then start living. All the experience that the protagonist gained was related to his work. He did not pay attention to family, friends, himself. I can say that he did not pay attention to life, he did not enjoy it. Going on a trip with his family, a gentleman from San Francisco thought that his time was just beginning, but as it turned out, it ended there. His main mistake was that he put off his life for later, devoting himself only to work, and for long years acquired nothing but wealth. Main character did not put his soul into his own child, did not give love and did not receive it himself. All he achieved was financial success, but he never knew the main thing in his lifetime.

The experience of the protagonist would be invaluable if others learned from his mistakes, but, unfortunately, this does not happen. Many people continue to put off their lives until later, which may never come. And the price for such an experience will be the one and only life.

A. I. Kuprin story "Garnet bracelet"

On the day of her name day, September 17, Vera Nikolaevna was expecting guests. The husband left in the morning on business and had to bring guests for dinner.

Vera Nikolaevna, whose love for her husband had long since degenerated into "a feeling of lasting, faithful, true friendship," supported him as best she could, saved money, and denied herself in many ways.

After dinner everyone except Vera sat down to play poker. She was about to go out onto the terrace when the maid called her. On the table in the office, where both women went, the servant laid out a small package tied with a ribbon, and explained that a messenger had brought it with a request to hand it over to Vera Nikolaevna personally.

Vera found a gold bracelet and a note in the bag. First, she began to examine the decoration. In the center of a low-grade gold bracelet stood out several magnificent garnets, each about the size of a pea. Examining the stones, the birthday girl turned the bracelet, and the stones flared up like "charming deep red living lights." With anxiety, Vera realized that these fires looked like blood.

He congratulated Vera on Angel Day, asked him not to be angry with him for daring to write letters to her a few years ago and expect an answer. He asked to accept as a gift a bracelet, the stones of which belonged to his great-grandmother. From her silver bracelet, he, exactly repeating the location, transferred the stones to the gold one and drew Vera's attention to the fact that no one had yet worn the bracelet. He wrote: “however, I believe that there is no treasure in the whole world worthy of decorating you” and admitted that all that is now left in him is “only reverence, eternal admiration and slavish devotion”, an every minute desire for happiness to the Faith and joy if she is happy.

Vera pondered whether to show the gift to her husband.

On the way to the crew that was waiting for the general, Anosov talked with Vera and Anna about what he had not met in his life true love. According to him, “love should be a tragedy. The greatest secret in the world."

The general asked Vera about what was true in the story told by her husband. And she gladly shared with him: "some madman" pursued her with his love and sent letters even before marriage. The princess also told about the parcel with the letter. In thought, the general noted that it was quite possible that Vera's life was crossed by "a single, all-forgiving, ready for anything, modest and selfless" love that any woman dreams of.

Shein and Mirza-Bulat-Tuganovsky, Vera's husband and brother, paid a visit to her admirer. It turned out to be an official Zheltkov, a man of thirty or thirty-five.Nikolai immediately explained to him the reason for the arrival - with his gift, he crossed the line of patience of Vera's relatives. Zheltkov immediately agreed that he was to blame for the persecution of the princess. Zheltkov asked permission to write a last letter to Vera and promised that the visitors would never hear or see him again. At the request of Vera Nikolaevna, he "as soon as possible" stops "this story."

In the evening, the prince gave his wife the details of the visit to Zheltkov. She was not surprised by what she heard, but was slightly agitated: the princess felt that "this man will kill himself."

The next morning, Vera learned from the newspapers that the official Zheltkov committed suicide due to the waste of state money. All day Sheina thought about the "unknown person", whom she never got to see, not understanding why she foresaw the tragic denouement of his life. She also remembered the words of Anosov about true love, which may have met on her way.

The postman brought Zheltkov's farewell letter. He admitted that he regards love for Vera as a great happiness, that his whole life lies only in the princess. He asked for forgiveness for the fact that “an uncomfortable wedge crashed into Vera’s life”, thanked her simply for the fact that she lives in the world, and said goodbye forever. “I tested myself - this is not a disease, not a manic idea - this is love, which God was pleased to reward me for something. Leaving, I say in delight: “Hallowed be thy name,” he wrote.

After reading the message, Vera told her husband that she would like to go and see the man who loved her. The prince supported this decision.

Vera found an apartment that Zheltkov rented. The landlady came out to meet her, and they started talking. At the request of the princess, the woman spoke about last days Zheltkova, then Vera went into the room where he was lying. The expression on the face of the deceased was so peaceful, as if this man "before parting with life, learned some deep and sweet secret that resolved his entire human life."

In parting, the landlady told Vera that if she suddenly died and a woman came to say goodbye, Zheltkov asked me to tell her that best work Beethoven - he wrote down his name - “L. van Beethoven. Son. No. 2, op. 2. Largo Appassionato.

Vera wept, explaining her tears by the painful "impression of death."

Faith made a major mistake in her life, she missed sincere and strong love, which is very rare.

  • Material for
  • training
  • to the final essay
  • thematic direction
  • "Experience and mistakes"
  • Author of the work:
  • Russian teacher and Literature MAOU"Volodarskaya secondary school"
  • Sadchikova Yu.N.
  • "Experience and Mistakes"
  • Within the framework of this direction, it is possible to reason about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, people, humanity as a whole, reasoning about the price of mistakes on the way to knowing the world, gaining life experience.
  • Literature often makes one think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.
  • Interpretation of concepts
  • Experience is, first of all, the totality of everything that happens to a person in his life and what he is aware of;
  • a person can have experience about himself, about his gifts, abilities, about his virtues and vices ...
  • Experience - the unity of knowledge and skills (skills), acquired in the process of direct experiences, impressions, observations, practical actions, in contrast to knowledge ...
  • Mistakes - incorrectness in actions, deeds, statements, thoughts, error.
  • Experience is a teacher. Y. Caesar
  • Experience is a school where lessons are expensive, but it is the only school where one can learn. B. Franklin
  • When the eyes say one thing and the tongue another, the experienced person believes the former more. W. Emerson Knowledge that is not born of experience, the mother of all certainty, is fruitless and full of errors. Leonardo da Vinci
  • Who, having rejected experience, manages deeds - in the future he will see a lot of insults. Saadi
  • Statements about experience and mistakes
  • Inexperience leads to trouble. A. S. Pushkin
  • The best of all proofs is experience.
  • F. Bacon
  • Our true teachers are experience and feeling. J. -J. Rousseau
  • Experience, in any case, takes a large price for teaching, but it teaches better than all teachers. Carlyle
  • Simplicity is the hardest thing in the world; this is the extreme limit of experience and the last effort of genius. J. Sand
  • Experience too often teaches us that people have so little control over anything as over their own language.
  • Although they beat us for a mistake, they don’t knock us down.
  • Those who do not repent of their mistakes are more mistaken.
  • The foot stumbles, and the head gets.
  • Mistakes start small.
  • Mistake teaches people the mind-reason.
  • Proverbs and sayings about experience and mistakes
  • The fear of making mistakes is more dangerous than the mistake itself.
  • I made a mistake that I hurt myself - forward science.
  • Those who do not repent of their mistakes are more mistaken. A young mistake is a smile, an old one is a bitter tear. The foot stumbles, and the head gets.
  • Mistakes start small.
  • Mistake teaches people the mind-reason.
  • Sat in a puddle, despite the cold.
  • He does not make mistakes who does nothing.
  • An error rides on an error and drives an error.
  • Proverbs and sayings about experience and mistakes
  • Some learn from the experience of others, and others from their mistakes. Bengal
  • Long experience enriches the mind. Arabic
  • Long experience is more valuable than a tortoise shell. Japanese
  • One gained experience is more important than seven wise teachings. Tajik
  • Only experience creates a true master. Indian
  • It is better to let an experienced wolf eat than an inexperienced one. Armenian
  • Inexperience is not a reproach to the young man. Russian
  • I ate bread from seven ovens (i.e. Experienced). Russian
  • Sample Essay Topics
  • Man learns from mistakes.
  • Does a person have the right to make a mistake?
  • Why should you analyze your mistakes?
  • Do you agree that mistakes are a key component of life experience?
  • How do you understand the saying “to live life is not to cross a field”?
  • What kind of life can be considered not lived in vain?
  • “And experience, the son of difficult mistakes ...” (A. S. Pushkin)
  • One experience gained is more important than seven wise teachings
  • Featured Works
  • A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin"
  • M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
  • A. I. Goncharov "Oblomov"
  • I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
  • L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
  • M. A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"
  • DI. Fonvizin "Sincere confession in my deeds and thoughts"
  • Charles Dickens "A Christmas Carol"
  • V.A. Kaverin "Open book"
  • Entry option
  • They say that a smart person learns from the mistakes of others, and a stupid person learns from his own. And indeed it is. Why make the same mistakes and end up in the same unpleasant situations that your relatives or friends have already been in? But in order for this not to happen, you really need to be reasonable person and realize that no matter how smart you are, the most valuable experience for you in any case is the experience of other people who have life path longer than yours. You need to have enough intelligence not to get into a mess, and then not to rack your brains on how to get out of this mess. But those who most often learn from their own mistakes are those who consider themselves an unsurpassed connoisseur of life and do not think about their actions and their future.
  • Entry option
  • All our lives we try to achieve the desired goals, although we often make mistakes in the process. People endure all these difficulties in different ways: someone becomes depressed, another tries to start all over again, and many set new goals for themselves, given the sad experience in achieving the previous ones. In my opinion, that's the whole point human life. Life is an eternal search for oneself, a constant struggle for one's destiny. And if “wounds” and “abrasions” appear in this struggle, then this is not a reason for despondency. Because these are your own mistakes, to which you are entitled. There will be something to remember in the future, when the desired is achieved, the “wounds” will heal and even become a little sad that all this is already behind. You never need to look back, regret what you have done or, conversely, not done. It's just a waste of energy. It is only useful to analyze the experience of past mistakes and think carefully about what to do in order to avoid them in the future.
  • Entry option
  • How often are we wrong? Sometimes, we regret our deeds for the rest of our lives. It is sad and sad to realize when, under certain circumstances, someone can be lost, out of stupidity. But such real life we all make mistakes. The essence of the issue is that people learn to forgive, give a second chance to fix everything. How, it would seem, we ask little, but how difficult it is to translate it into life. One is not very famous writer wrote: "Every action of a person, depending on the view, is both right and wrong." In my opinion, these words have the deepest meaning.