In the story " dog's heart” M.A. Bulgakov does not just describe the unnatural experiment of Professor Preobrazhensky. The writer shows a new type of person who arose not in the laboratory of a talented scientist, but in the new, Soviet reality of the first post-revolutionary years. The basis of the plot of the story is the relationship between a prominent Russian scientist and Sharik, Sharikov, a dog and an artificially created person. The first part of the story is built mainly on the internal monologue of a half-starved street dog. He evaluates the life of the street in his own way, life, customs, characters of Moscow during the NEP, from her numerous shops, tea houses, taverns on Myasnitskaya "with sawdust on the floor, evil clerks who hate dogs." Sharik knows how to sympathize, appreciate kindness and kindness, and, oddly enough, he perfectly understands the social structure of the new Russia: he condemns the new masters of life (“I am now the chairman, and no matter how much I steal, everything goes to the female body, to cancer necks, on Abrau-Durso”), but about the old Moscow intellectual Preobrazhensky he knows that "this one will not kick with his foot."

In Sharik's life, in his opinion, a happy accident happens - he finds himself in a luxurious professorial apartment, in which, despite the widespread devastation, there is everything and even "extra rooms". But the professor doesn't need the dog for fun. A fantastic experiment is conceived over him: by transplanting a part of the human brain, a dog should turn into a man. But if Professor Preobrazhensky becomes the Faust who creates a man in a test tube, then the second father - the man who gives the dog his pituitary gland - is Klim Petrovich Chugunkin, whose characterization is given extremely briefly: “Profession - playing the balalaika in taverns. Small in stature, poorly built. The liver is enlarged (alcohol). The cause of death was a stab to the heart in a pub.” And the creature that appeared as a result of the operation completely inherited the proletarian essence of its ancestor. He is arrogant, arrogant, aggressive.

He is completely devoid of ideas about human culture, about the rules of relationships with other people, he is absolutely immoral. Gradually, an inevitable conflict is brewing between the creator and creation, Preobrazhensky and Sharik, more precisely, Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov, as the “homunculus” calls himself. And the tragedy is that a “man” who has barely learned to walk finds reliable allies in life who bring revolutionary theoretical basis. From Shvonder, Sharikov learns what privileges he, a proletarian, has in comparison with a professor, and, moreover, begins to realize that the scientist who gave him human life is a class enemy. Sharikov is clearly aware of the main credo of the new masters of life: rob, steal, take away everything that was created by other people, and most importantly - strive for universal leveling. And the dog, once grateful to the professor, can no longer come to terms with the fact that he “settled alone in seven rooms”, and brings paper, according to which he is entitled to an area of ​​​​16 meters in the apartment. Sharikov is alien to conscience, shame, morality. He lacks human qualities, except for meanness, hatred, malice ... Every day he loosens his belt more and more. He steals, drinks, commits excesses in Preobrazhensky's apartment, molests women.

But the high point for Sharikov is his new job. The ball makes a dizzying leap: from a stray dog, he turns into the head of the subdepartment for cleaning the city from stray animals.

And it is precisely this choice of profession that is not surprising: the Sharkovs always strive to destroy their own. But Sharikov does not stop on what has been achieved. After some time, he appears in an apartment on Prechistenka with a young girl and declares: “I sign with her, this is our typist. Bormental will have to be evicted…” Of course, it turns out that Sharikov deceived the girl and made up many stories about himself. And the last chord of Sharikov's activity is the denunciation of Professor Preobrazhensky. In the story, the sorcerer-professor succeeds in the reverse transformation monster man into an animal, into a dog. It is good that the professor understood that nature does not tolerate violence against itself. But, alas, in real life, balls turned out to be much more tenacious. Self-confident, arrogant, no doubters in their sacred rights to everything, semi-literate lumpen brought our country to the deepest crisis, because violence against the course of history, neglect of the laws of its development could only give rise to Sharikovs. In the story, Sharikov again turned into a dog, but in life he went a long and, as it seemed to him, and others were inspired, a glorious path and in the thirties and fifties he poisoned people, as he once did stray cats and dogs in the line of duty. Through all his life he carried dog anger and suspicion replacing them with dog loyalty that has become unnecessary. Entering into rational life, he remained at the level of instincts and was ready to change the whole country, the whole world, the whole universe so that these bestial instincts could be more easily satisfied.

He is proud of his low origin. He prides himself on his low education. In general, he is proud of everything low, because only this raises him high above those who are high in spirit, mind. People like Preobrazhensky must be trampled into the mud so that Sharikov can rise above them. Outwardly, the balls are no different from people, but their non-human essence is just waiting for the moment to manifest itself. And then they turn into monsters, which, at the first opportunity to grab a tidbit, drop the mask and show their true essence. They are ready to betray their own. Everything that is highest and most holy turns into its opposite as soon as they touch it. And the worst thing is that the balls managed to achieve enormous power, and when they come to power, the non-human tries to dehumanize everyone around, because it is easier to control non-humans, they have all human feelings replaced by the instinct of self-preservation. In our country, after the revolution, all the conditions were created for the appearance of a huge number of balloons with dog hearts. The totalitarian system is very conducive to this. Probably due to the fact that these monsters have penetrated into all areas of life, that they are still among us, Russia is going through hard times now. It is terrible that aggressive balls with their truly canine vitality, in spite of everything, can survive. The dog's heart in union with the human mind is the main threat of our time. That is why the story, written at the beginning of the century, remains relevant today, serving as a warning to future generations. Sometimes it seems that our country has become different. But the consciousness, stereotypes, way of thinking of people will not change either in ten or twenty years - more than one generation will change before the balls disappear from our lives, before people become different, before the vices described by M.A. Bulgakov in his immortal work. How I want to believe that this time will come! ..

In 1925, as a response to the events taking place in the country, a satirical story by M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog" appeared. And although the work was originally supposed to be published in the Nedra magazine, it saw the light only in 1987. Why did it happen so? Let's try to answer this question by analyzing the image of the main character, Sharik-Polygraph Poligrafovich.

Characteristics of Sharikov and who he became as a result of the experiment - important point to understand the idea of ​​the work. Moskovsky, together with his assistant Bormenthal, decided to determine whether the transplantation of the pituitary gland contributes to the rejuvenation of the body. The experiment was carried out on a dog. The deceased lumpen Chugunkin became the donor. To the amazement of the professor, the pituitary gland not only took root, but also contributed to the transformation good dog into a human (or rather a humanoid being). The process of its "formation" is the basis of the story written by M. Bulgakov, "Heart of a Dog". Sharikov, whose characteristics are given below, is surprisingly similar to Klim. And not only externally, but also in manners. In addition, the new masters of life in the person of Shvonder quickly explained to Sharikov what rights he had in society and in the professor's house. As a result, a real devil burst into the calm familiar world of Preobrazhensky. First, Polygraph Poligrafovich, then an attempt to seize the living space, and finally, an open threat to the life of Bormental caused the professor to carry out the reverse operation. And very soon a harmless dog again lived in his apartment. Takovo summary story "Heart of a Dog".

Sharikov's characterization begins with a description of the life of a homeless dog, picked up by a professor on the street.

dog street life

At the beginning of the work, the writer depicts winter Petersburg through the perception of it by a homeless dog. Frozen and thin. Dirty, matted fur. One side was severely burned - scalded with boiling water. This is the future Sharikov. The dog's heart - a characteristic of the animal shows that he was kinder than the one who later turned out of him - responded to the sausage, and the dog obediently followed the professor.

The world for Sharik consisted of the hungry and the well-fed. The first were evil and strove to harm others. For the most part, they were "life's lackeys", and the dog did not like them, calling them "human cleanings" to himself. The latter, to which he immediately attributed the professor, he considered less dangerous: they were not afraid of anyone, and therefore did not kick others with their feet. This was originally Sharikov.

"Dog's heart": characteristics of a "domestic" dog

During the week of his stay in Preobrazhensky's house, Sharik changed beyond recognition. He recovered and turned into a handsome man. At first, the dog treated everyone with distrust and kept thinking what they wanted from him. He understood that he would hardly have been sheltered just like that. But over time, he got so used to a satisfying and warm life that his consciousness became dull. Now Sharik was simply happy and was ready to demolish everything, if only he would not be sent out into the street.

The dog respected the professor - after all, it was he who took him to him. He fell in love with the cook, as he associated her possessions with the very center of the paradise in which he found himself. He perceived Zina as a servant, who she really was. And Bormental, whom he bit on the leg, called "bitten" - the doctor had nothing to do with his well-being. And although the dog arouses sympathy in the reader, one can already notice some features that Sharikov’s characterization will later indicate. In the story “Heart of a Dog”, those who instantly believed the new government and hoped to get out of poverty overnight and “become everything” were initially identified. In the same way, Sharik exchanged his freedom for food and warmth - he even began to wear a collar that distinguished him from other dogs on the street with pride. And a well-fed life made a dog out of him, ready to please the owner in everything.

Klim Chugunkin

Turning a dog into a human

No more than three months elapsed between the two operations. Dr. Bormental describes in detail all the changes, external and internal, that occurred to the dog after the operation. As a result of humanization, a monster was obtained that inherited the habits and beliefs of its "parents". Here a brief description of Sharikov, in which the dog's heart coexisted with part of the brain of the proletarian.

Polygraph Poligrafovich had an unpleasant appearance. Constantly swearing and cursing. From Klim, he inherited a passion for the balalaika, and playing it from morning to evening, he did not think about the peace of others. He was addicted to alcohol, cigarettes, seeds. For all the time I never got used to the order. From the dog he inherited a love for delicious food and hatred for cats, laziness and a sense of self-preservation. Moreover, if it was still possible to somehow influence the dog, then Polygraph Poligrafovich considered his life at someone else's expense quite natural - the characteristics of Sharik and Sharikov lead to such thoughts.

"Heart of a Dog" shows how selfish and unscrupulous he was the protagonist who realized how easy it is to get whatever he wants. This opinion of his only strengthened when he made new acquaintances.

The role of Shvonder in the "formation" of Sharikov

The professor and his assistant tried in vain to accustom the creature they had created to order, respect for etiquette, etc., but Sharikov became impudent before his eyes and did not see any barriers in front of him. Shvonder played a special role in this. As chairman of the house committee, he had long disliked the intelligent Preobrazhensky, already because the professor lived in a seven-room apartment and retained the old views on the world. Now he decided to use Sharikov in his fight. At his instigation, Polygraph Poligrafovich proclaimed himself a labor element and demanded that the square meters due to him be allocated. Then he brought Vasnetsova to the apartment, whom he intended to marry. Finally, not without Shvonder's help, he concocted a false denunciation against the professor.

The same chairman of the house committee gave Sharikov a job. And now, yesterday's dog, dressed in clothes, began to catch cats and dogs, experiencing pleasure from this.

And again Sharik

However, everything has a limit. When Sharikov pounced on Bormental with a pistol, the professor and the doctor, understanding each other without words, resumed the operation. The monster, generated by a combination of slavish consciousness, Sharik's opportunism and Klim's aggressiveness and rudeness, was destroyed. A few days later, a harmless cute dog lived in the apartment again. And the failed biomedical experiment outlined a socio-moral problem that worries the writer, which Sharik and Sharikov help to understand. Comparative characteristics(“The heart of a dog”, according to V. Sakharov, is “smart and hot satire”) shows them how dangerous it is to intrude into the area of ​​natural human and social relations. It was the depth of the meaning of the work that caused the story of the funny transformations of heroes to be banned by the authorities for many decades.

The meaning of the story

"Heart of a Dog" - Sharikov's characterization confirms this - describes a dangerous social phenomenon that originated in the Soviet country after the revolution. People similar to the protagonist often found themselves in power and destroyed by their actions the best that developed in human society over the centuries. Life at the expense of others, denunciation, contempt for the educated intelligent people- these and similar phenomena became the norm of life in the twenties.

One more important point should be noted. Preobrazhensky's experiment is an intervention in the natural processes of nature, which again proves in the story "Heart of a Dog" Sharikov's characterization. The professor realizes this after everything that happened and decides to correct his mistake. However, in real life everything is much more complicated. And an attempt to change society by revolutionary violent means is initially doomed to failure. That is why the work does not lose its relevance to this day, being a warning to contemporaries and descendants.

One of the significant works in the work of M. Bulgakov is the story "Heart of a Dog". It was completed in 1925, but became available to the reader only in 1987.
The plot is based on the semi-fantastic story of the transformation of a dog into a man. An eminent scientist, a world-famous luminary, Professor Preobrazhensky has been dealing with the problems of body rejuvenation all his life. The final result of the experiment was to be the creation of a new, perfect man. Together with Dr. Bormental, Philip Philipovich performs a unique operation - he replaces the brain of a dog with the cerebral pituitary gland of a deceased man.
The forever hungry, homeless dog Sharik, after the operation, takes on a human form and becomes Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov. But this experiment cannot be called successful. Not at all the result the professor wanted to see.
And here the social and moral problems of the story come to the fore. Revolutionary reality destroys the "human", the humane in man. From the dog, Sharikov inherited all the worst qualities: he snaps, catches fleas, bites, runs after cats. From the person the same inclinations remained.
What kind of person was this? “Klim Grigoryevich Chugunkin, 25 years old, single. Non-partisan, sympathetic... Sued three times and acquitted... Theft. Profession playing the balalaika in taverns ... ". That is, Sharikov was given the genes of a brawler, a criminal and a drunkard.
This is just one side of the problem. The second, more serious, is the environment in which Sharikov was formed, the revolutionary reality of those years. Preobrazhensky tried to educate the "new man" in the spirit of the intelligentsia, to instill in him his way of life. But more participation in the "formation" of Sharikov's personality belongs to the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder. Preobrazhensky only thought of suggesting to his ward to read Robinson Crusoe, as he was already ahead of the “red agitator”, who suggested “this ... Like her ... correspondence of Engels with this ... like him - the devil - with Kautsky."
According to these words of Sharikov, one can already judge his narrow-minded mind. The response was extraordinary: “Bormenthal stopped a fork with a piece of white meat halfway, and Philipp Philippovich spilled the wine. Sharikov at that time contrived and swallowed vodka. The astonishment of the heroes is understandable: the underdeveloped man speaks of such a serious political document as "The Correspondence between Engels and Kautsky." What Preobrazhensky cannot achieve as an educator, Shvonder, who occupies the same level with Sharikov, could easily do. Therefore, the “newborn” is more familiar with short command slogans and quotations from Engels.
Sharikov is a narrow-minded, rude, selfish creature. It is disgusting for normal people, not only externally, but also internally. Instead of gratitude to his “parent”, he claims to have a living space, rudely insults and informs the relevant authorities.
Sharikov cannot be called completely stupid and narrow-minded. He perfectly feels the benefits of living at Preobrazhensky, since here you can “eat” for free. And when they tried to kick Sharikov out of the apartment, he showed “three papers”: green, yellow and white, issued by the housing association, confirming the right to live in apartment number five. It turns out that Sharikov arranged everything in advance, which speaks of his grasp of life.
Polygraph Polygraphovich is not as simple as it might seem at first. He never misses his advantage. Sharikov got a job not as a simple worker, but as the head of a subdepartment for cleansing the city from stray cats. Interesting is his opinion military service: "I'm not going to fight anywhere! .. I'll take it on record, but to fight - shish with butter." It is surprising how quickly he found the reason for refusing to serve in the army: “I was seriously wounded during the operation,” Sharikov whined gloomily, “you see, how they beat me,” and he pointed to his head. A very fresh surgical scar stretched across his forehead. In another place, the hero explains the reason for the appearance of the scar in a different way, as a wound received in years civil war on the Kolchak fronts.
Every day the subject becomes more and more arrogant. Scientists have no choice but to return it to its former appearance.
The story "Heart of a Dog" is tragicomic. Fantasy, reality and satire intertwined in it. The appearance of Sharikov reflects the shortcomings of the new social system, which M. Bulgakov did not accept.

The image of Sharikov and the phenomenon of Sharikovism in M.A. Bulgakov’s story “Heart of a Dog”

"Heart of a Dog" is one of famous works M. A. Bulgakov. This story became a milestone in the creative evolution of the writer. The importance of The Heart of a Dog for Bulgakov is also evidenced by the fact that he sought the return of the arrested manuscript along with his personal diaries.

Together with " fatal eggs» “Heart of a Dog” opens up many themes that have found their embodiment in subsequent works of the writer - evolution and revolution, the desire to know the world around us and the danger of unforeseen results of scientific experiments, the moral responsibility of a person for committed actions, the inseparability of the real and the mystical. In the story, we also find a sharp satire on contemporary writer reality, and elements of fantasy, and mysticism, and psychological authenticity, and philosophical views of the writer. It is in "The Heart of a Dog" that the process of M. A. Bulgakov's transition from feuilletonism to "high creativity" is completed.

In this work, the writer rises to the top of satirical fiction. If satire states, then satirical fiction warns society of impending dangers and cataclysms. Bulgakov embodies his conviction that normal evolution is preferable to a violent method of intrusion into life. He speaks of the terrible destructive power of self-satisfied aggressive innovation. These themes are eternal, and they have not lost their significance even now.

Most researchers of the work of M.A. Bulgakov are inclined to believe that the source of the plot for the story "Heart of a Dog" was a real historical fact- social revolution in Russia. Indeed, many Russian writers and philosophers called the revolution and the social reorganization that followed it "experiment" and "experience." However, Bulgakov thought much more broadly: his hero, Professor F.F. Preobrazhensky, is not a copy of the "leader of the world proletariat", but one of those "eternal" images of "scientific creators" who dared to encroach on the secrets of the universe.

The basis of the story internal monologue Sharik, the ever-hungry, miserable street dog. He is very clever, in his own way evaluates the life of the street, life, customs, characters of Moscow during the NEP. Numerous shops, tea houses, taverns on Myasnitskaya Street "with sawdust on the floor, evil clerks who hate dogs", "where they played the harmonica and smelled of sausages" flash before his eyes every day.

The whole chilled, hungry dog, besides scalded, observes the life of the street and makes conclusions: "Janitors of all proletarians are the most vile scum", "The cook comes across different. For example, the late Vlas from Prechistenka. How many lives he saved."

Sharik sympathizes with the poor young lady-typist, frozen, "running into the doorway in her lover's clerk's stockings": "She doesn’t even have enough for the cinema, they deducted from her in the service, they fed her rotten meat in the dining room, and the manager stole half of her canteen forty kopecks ... " . In his thoughts - ideas, Sharik contrasts the poor girl with the image of a triumphant boor - the new master of life: "I am now the chairman, and no matter how much I steal - everything is for the female body, for cancerous necks, for Abrau-Durso." "I'm sorry for her, I'm sorry. And I feel even more sorry for myself," complains Sharik.

Seeing Philip Filippovich Preobrazhensky, Sharik understands: "he is a man of mental labor ...", "this one will not kick with his foot."

And now Sharik lives in a luxurious professorial apartment. One of the leading, cross-cutting themes of Bulgakov's work begins to sound - the theme of the House as the center human life. The Bolsheviks destroyed the House as the basis of the family, as the basis of society. To the habitable, warm, it seemed, eternally beautiful house of the Turbins ("Days of the Turbins"), the writer contrasts the decaying Zoya's apartment (the comedy "Zoyka's Apartment"), where there is a fierce struggle for living space, for square meters.

But here the professor performs the main work of his life - a unique operation: he transplants the human pituitary gland to the dog Sharik from a 28-year-old man who died a few hours before the operation.

This man - Klim Petrovich Chugunkin, was convicted three times: "Profession - playing the balalaika in taverns. Small in stature, poorly built. The liver is enlarged (alcohol). The cause of death was a stab in the heart in a pub."

As a result of the most complicated operation, an ugly, primitive creature appeared - non-human, who completely inherited the "proletarian" essence of his "ancestor". The first words he uttered were swearing, the first distinct word: "bourgeois". And then - street words: "do not push!" "scoundrel", "get off the bandwagon", etc. He was a disgusting "man of small stature and unsympathetic appearance. The hair on his head grew stiff ... The forehead struck with its small height. Almost directly above the black threads of the eyebrows, a thick head brush began." Just as ugly and vulgar, he "dressed up".

The monstrous homunculus, a man with a dog disposition, whose "base" was Klim Chugunkin, feels himself the master of life. He is arrogant, arrogant, aggressive. The conflict between Professor Preobrazhensky, Bormental and the humanoid Shirikov is absolutely inevitable. The life of the professor and the inhabitants of his apartment becomes a living hell.

The smile of life lies in the fact that as soon as he stands up on his hind limbs, Sharikov is ready to oppress, to drive into a corner the professor who gave birth to him. And now this humanoid creature demands a residence document from the professor, confident that the house committee will help him in this, which "protects the interests."

Sharikov grows bolder every day. In addition, he finds an ally - Shvonder. It is he, Shvonder, who demands the issuance of the document to Sharikov, arguing that the document is the most important thing in the world. The formalism and bureaucracy of the 1930s, by the way, haunts our country to this day.

The scary thing is that the bureaucratic system does not need the professor's science. It costs nothing for her to appoint anyone as a person. Any nonentity, even an empty place - to take and appoint a person. Well, of course, having issued it in an appropriate way and reflecting it, as it should be, in the documents.

It should be noted that Shvonder, chairman of the house committee, bears no less responsibility than a professor for a humanoid monster. Shvonder supported Sharikov's social status, armed him with an ideological phrase, he is his ideologist, his "spiritual shepherd".

The paradox is that, while helping a creature with a "dog's heart" to establish itself, Shvonder is also digging a hole for himself. Setting Sharikov against the professor, the house committee does not understand that someone else can easily set Sharikov against Shvonder himself. It is enough for a man with a dog's heart to point out anyone, say that he is an enemy, and Sharikov will humiliate him, destroy him, etc.

Shvonder, the allegorical "black man," supplies Sharikov with "scientific" literature and gives him the correspondence between Engels and Kautsky for "study." An animal-like creature does not approve of either author: “They write, they write ... Congress, some Germans ...” He draws one conclusion: “We must share everything.”

So Sharikov instinctively "smelled" the main credo of the new masters of life, all Sharikovs: rob, steal, take away everything created, as well as the main principle of the so-called socialist society - universal leveling, called equality.

Sharikov, supported by Shvonder, loosens his belt more and more, openly hooligans. To the words of the exhausted professor that he would find a room for Sharikov to move out, he replies: “Well, yes, I’m such a fool to move out of here,” Sharikov answered very clearly, and showed the dumbfounded professor Shvonder’s paper, which he is supposed to have in the professor’s apartment living area of ​​16 meters.

Soon "Sharikov embezzled 2 chervonets in the professor's office, disappeared from the apartment and returned late, completely drunk."

finest hour for Polygraph Poligrafovich his "service" appeared. Disappearing from the house, he appears before the astonished professor and Bormenthal as a kind of young man, full of dignity and respect for himself, "in a leather jacket from someone else's shoulder, in shabby leather trousers and high English boots." The terrible, incredible smell of cats immediately spread throughout To the dumbfounded professor, he shows a paper stating that Comrade Sharikov is the head of the subdepartment for cleaning the city from stray animals.

So, Bulgakov's Sharik made a dizzying career: from stray dogs to orderlies to clean up the city from stray dogs / and cats, of course /. Well, the persecution of their - characteristic all Sharikovs. They destroy their own, as if covering up the traces of their own origin...

Sharikov's next move is an appearance in the Prechistina apartment together with a young girl. “I sign with her, this is our typist. Bormental will have to be evicted…” Sharikov explained extremely hostilely and gloomily. Of course, the villain deceived the girl, telling stories about himself. He behaved with her so ugly that a grandiose scandal broke out again in the Prechistenka apartment: the professor and his assistant, driven to white heat, began to defend the girl ...

The last, final chord of Sharikov's activity is a libelous denunciation of Professor Preobrazhensky.

It should be noted that it was then, in the thirties, that denunciation becomes one of the foundations of a "socialist" society, which would be more correctly called totalitarian.

Sharikov is alien to conscience, shame, morality. He lacks all human qualities, except for meanness, hatred, malice ...

It is good that on the pages of the story the sorcerer-professor managed to reverse the transformation of a monster man into an animal, into a dog. It is good that the professor understood that nature does not tolerate violence against itself.

Alas, in real life, the Sharikovs turned out to be more tenacious, creeping out of all the cracks. Self-confident, arrogant, semi-literate, they brought the country to the deepest crisis, because the "Schvonder" theory of the "great leap forward of the socialist revolution", mocking disregard for the laws of the development of evolution, could only give rise to the Sharikovs.

Outwardly, the balls are no different from people, they are always among us. Their inhuman nature is just waiting to be revealed. And then the judge, in the interests of his career and the fulfillment of the plan for solving crimes, condemns the innocent, the doctor turns away from the patient, the mother abandons her child. Everything that is loftiest and most holy turns into its opposite, because a “non-human” has awakened in them and tramples them into the mud. Coming to power, the "non-human" tries to deprive the human of everyone around, because non-humans are easier to control, they have all human feelings replaced by the instinct of self-preservation.

The heart of a dog in union with the human mind is the main threat of our time. That is why the story, written at the beginning of the century, remains relevant today. It serves as a warning to future generations. Today is so close to yesterday...

At first glance, it seems that outwardly everything has changed, that the country has become different. But the consciousness, stereotypes, way of thinking of people will not change in ten or twenty years. More than one generation will pass before the Sharikovs disappear from our lives, before people become different, before the vices described by Bulgakov in his immortal work disappear.

Showing how Sharikov's evolution is taking place, how he is gradually becoming bolder and more aggressive, Bulgakov makes the reader, who laughs merrily at comic situations and witty remarks, feel the terrible danger of Sharikovism, this new social phenomenon which began to emerge in the 1920s. The revolutionary government encourages informing, informing, releasing the basest instincts of uncultured and uneducated people. It gives them a sense of power over smart, cultured, intelligent people. The Sharikovs, who have seized power, pose a terrible threat to society.

Bulgakov refers in his story to the reasons for their appearance. If Sharikov arose as a result of the scientific experience of Professor Preobrazhensky, then such people with a dog's heart can appear as a result of that risky experiment, which was called in our country the construction of socialism, an experiment of enormous scale and very dangerous.

An attempt to create a new just society, to educate a free and conscious person by revolutionary, that is, violent methods, according to the writer, was initially doomed to failure. After all, the desire "to the ground" to destroy old world with its eternal universal moral values ​​and to build life on a fundamentally new basis - this means forcibly interfering with the natural course of things. The consequences of this intervention will be deplorable. Philip Philipovich understands this when he mournfully reflects on why his brilliant scientific experiment gave birth to a real monster, which began to pose a mortal danger to everyone around him. This happened because the researcher violated the laws of nature, and this should never be done.

From an ordinary mongrel dog, an ignorant and dangerous boor Sharikov is formed, inheriting from Klim Chugunkin (donor) not only the pituitary gland, but also an unsympathetic appearance, bad habits and a tendency to alcoholism. The author shows how, gradually, "processed" by the chairman of the house committee Shvonder, Polygraph Poligrafovich (he chose such a name for himself) makes more and more demands on Professor Preobrazhevsky, becomes a threat to the whole house.

The first words that the man-dog utters are vulgar swearing and the lexicon of the tavern. Having become a man, he follows the habits and tastes of the three-time convicted frequenter of beer houses Klim Chugunkin plays the balalaika, dresses with blatant bad taste (“poisonous-sky-colored” tie, patent leather boots with white leggings). Perhaps Sharikov would have remained within the framework of bad habits, not representing any particular danger, if not for Shvonder. Supported by the chairman of the house committee, Polygraph Poligrafevich begins to make exorbitant demands. To fair remarks, he snaps: “Something you are hurting me, daddy.” Sharikov considers himself a labor element. Theater for him is "one counter-revolution". The escalation of the outrages perpetrated by Sharikov is growing. He already demands to be called by name and patronymic, brings papers from the housing association to a living space of sixteen arshins, to this living space He brings suspicious personalities who turned out to be thieves, and then the bride. The patience of Preobrazhensky and Bormental runs out, but as soon as Sharikov feels threatened, he becomes dangerous. After disappearing for a few days, he appears in a new form. "He wore a leather jacket from someone else's shoulder", On paper; which Sharikov presented to the professor, it appeared that he "is the head of the subdepartment for cleaning the city of Moscow from stray animals (cats, etc.) in the department of the IAC." Putting on a leather jacket, Sharikov finds himself "in his specialty", he felt the power and rudely uses it. Inspired by Shvonder, he composes a denunciation of the professor and his assistant, acquires a revolver and ultimately points it at Bormenthal, signing his own death warrant. Having undergone a reverse operation, the dog, of course, does not remember anything and is quite satisfied with his fate.

The experiment failed, the professor himself understands that he has gone too far in his scientific search. Scientific interest does not justify the monstrous results obtained in the competition with the Creator. The scene of the operation itself attracts attention: Bulgakov enhances the naturalism and physiology of the description, causing a feeling of disgust for what is happening. In excitement and excitement, the "creators" of the new human unit themselves lose their human qualities.

It is understandable why Bulgakov was then worried about the problem of such scientific creations: before his eyes, a social experiment more monstrous in its scale and results, conceived and carried out by political adventurers, was taking place - the revolution and its consequences. A new type of person was being created - homo sovieticus, in whom the satirist saw first of all Sharikov.