True talent usually cannot confine itself to the confines of a single field of science or art. He, as you know, should be manifested "in everything." There are many examples that prove this fact. For such individuals even created special term. They are called polymaths. This review contains a story about people who have earned the epithet “great” in history and about those talents that have remained “behind the scenes” of their main activity.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Usually, when talking about numerous talents, they give the example of Leonardo da Vinci, who, in addition to his artistic gift, had the ability to research and invent. However, Russia can boast of a no less gifted person. Listing all the talents of Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov will also take a lot of time: encyclopedist, physicist and chemist, founder of scientific navigation, instrument maker, geographer, metallurgist, geologist, and also a poet, artist, historian, philologist and genealogist, educator and polyglot. Moreover, in all these areas, he achieved impressive success and left behind a rich legacy.

There is another talent of his that is not often mentioned. It is known that while studying abroad, at the University of Marburg, a young student perfectly mastered the art of fencing and often put it into practice. So Lomonosov can rightly be called very versatile developed person.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Great composer Overall, he was a very engaging person. Even in childhood, if he liked some occupation, he could give himself to it, forgetting about everything in the world. So, for example, it happened ... with mathematics. Little Wolfgang was educated at home, and when he discovered the beauty of exact mathematical laws, he was fascinated by them no less than by music. Memories have survived that the walls and floor in his room during this “mathematical” period were completely covered with formulas. Later, with no less zeal, he was fond of dancing.

Contemporaries considered him an excellent dancer. He skillfully played skittles and was very fond of billiards, he even had a huge billiard table at home. In addition, he taught for almost his entire adult life and was a very talented teacher. True, he himself grumbled at this lesson, since he did not like to waste time and go to the houses of students.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov

Everyone remembers that this great writer and the playwright served as a diplomat, but few people know the fact that he was also a very talented pianist and composer. Unfortunately, only a few small pieces of his compositions have come down to us. One of them, written for piano, is considered the first Russian waltz. In addition, this gifted person was a real polyglot by modern standards, and his talent for languages manifested itself from early childhood - already at the age of six he was fluent in three foreign languages, and a few years later - six. In addition to the main European languages, he knew Latin and ancient Greek.

Benjamin Franklin

This man, known throughout the world thanks to the portrait on the 100-dollar bill, can rightfully be called the American Leonardo. In addition to diplomatic work and political career he is known as a brilliant inventor, writer, journalist and publisher. As a scientist, he was engaged in the study of electricity, by the way, it was he who invented the designation of charges “+” and “-”, known to everyone since childhood. At the same time, he developed a project for a useful practical device - a lightning rod. In addition, Franklin is the author of a rocking chair (a patent has been filed for this design), a special "Pennsylvania fireplace", bifocal glasses and an electric motor. By the way, he became the first American member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In addition to science and politics, he considered printing to be one of his main works. How did Franklin manage to do all this? - At the same time, he invented his own system of organizing time, thus becoming one of the founders of time management, which is very relevant today.

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin

The author of the famous opera "Prince Igor" was probably the only musician-chemist in the world. Moreover, it is even difficult to measure and say which of these specialties should be named first. His achievements in chemistry and medicine were no less important than the creation of an epic symphonic style in music.

Both talents literally "torn" Borodin from childhood: at the age of 9 he already played on several musical instruments and created his first piece of music, and at 10 he became interested in chemistry, and almost burned down the whole house, since one of his first creations in this area was homemade fireworks. So he remained in the memory of posterity as a man with two equal talents - an academician, a professor of medicine, one of the founders of the Russian Chemical Society and at the same time a member of the "Mighty Handful".

Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev

There is probably no need to talk about the musical heritage of the great Russian composer. Over 60 years of his life, he managed to create more than 130 works that are considered real treasures of world artistic culture. But besides that, he also left behind literary heritage- stories, libretto, autobiography, on which he worked for 15 years. Contemporaries believed that if he had not been a composer, he could well have become a writer. But Sergei Sergeevich also had a third passion - chess.

The composer himself said that "Chess is the music of thought." In 1909, he drew with Emanuel Lasker, and in 1914, in simultaneous games with José Raul Capablanca, Prokofiev won one game and lost two. In order to have time to pay attention to all his hobbies, the composer accustomed himself to strict discipline from childhood and learned how to effectively switch from one type of activity to another.

Another of our great compatriots is called the "Russian Leonardo da Vinci" - this is the famous inventor Ivan Kulibin. Find out why.

Russian history literature XIX century. Part 1. 1800-1830s Yury Vladimirovich Lebedev

Griboedov's personality.

Often, both lovers of Russian literature and professional connoisseurs of it, have a perplexed question: why such a gifted person, it would seem, a great writer - in fact and by vocation - created only one comedy "Woe from Wit", included in the classics of Russian and world literature, and put an end to this, surrendering to a greater extent to other, far from literature, occupations in the diplomatic field? Has he run out of creativity? Or did he exhaust everything he wanted to tell the Russian people about the time and about himself with this comedy?

There is no unequivocal answer to these questions, although one suggests itself, connected with the very nature of Russian literature and culture of the first half of XIX century. First of all, in Russian writers of this time, everyone is struck by the breadth of creative interests and some kind of human universalism. Sometimes it is entirely realized in artistic creativity and sometimes go beyond it. Lermontov, for example, was not only a poet and prose writer, but also a promising painter, as evidenced by the landscapes and portraits painted by him that have come down to us. The fact that Pushkin was a wonderful draftsman is evidenced by his draft manuscripts. It is no coincidence that T. G. Tsyavlovskaya devoted a special monograph “Pushkin's Drawings” to them. But Griboedov's personality, even against this background, strikes with its encyclopedism and the rare breadth of occupations and hobbies, sometimes leading the author of Woe from Wit far away from literary interests.

Fate endowed Griboyedov, in his own words, with "an insatiable soul", "a fiery passion for new inventions, for new knowledge, for a change of place and occupation, for people and extraordinary deeds." In terms of the breadth of spiritual inquiries and the encyclopedism of knowledge, he was a man reminiscent of the type of people of the Western European Renaissance. At the university, he studies Greek and Latin, later he will study Persian, Arabic and Turkish. The gift of a musician also awakens in him: Griboyedov plays the piano, organ and flute, studies music theory and composes it. Much has been lost, but two waltzes that belong to him have been preserved. Griboyedov's musical abilities were admired by many contemporaries, his talent was highly appreciated by M. I. Glinka. Finally, by the grace of God, he is a diplomat, through whose skillful efforts a peace treaty was concluded with Persia, which struck the emperor himself with its obvious benefit to Russia. The depth and breadth of Griboedov's knowledge in various fields of science amazed many of his contemporaries. Therefore, the literary vocation has always competed in Griboyedov's mind with many others. Unlike Pushkin, he was never able to become a professional writer. Yes, and his life, short and swift, turned into a continuous journey, distracting the author of "Woe from Wit" from concentration and hard office work, without which the work of a writer is generally impossible.

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The death of Griboedov. "Woe from Wit" was a work nurtured by the author for many years. After the completion of the work, a period of mental fatigue set in. Many forces were taken away by participation in the Russian-Persian war, which ended in the signing of

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IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF GRBOEDOV The works that attracted imitators and successors include the pearl of Russian dramaturgy - “Woe from Wit”.

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Comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" Griboyedov's play was a significant event in literary life beginning of the 20th vols. 19th century and continued to maintain popularity subsequently. Griboedov's letter to P.A. Katenin reveals the author's intention of the play and its main idea:

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The composition of A.S. Griboyedov<…>Tragedy or comedy, whatever piece of art, must represent a special world, closed in itself, i.e., must have a unity of action that comes not from an external form, but from an idea that lies at its foundation. She doesn't

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Woe from the mind. The composition of A.S. Griboyedov For the first time - "Domestic Notes". 1840. No. 1. Det. V. C. 1-56. The second half of the article is printed according to the editor: Belinsky V.G. Full coll. op. T. III. M., 1953. S. 452–486. 53. Moloch (myth.) - the god of the Sun, fire and war; a symbol of inexorable all-destroying power.S. 54.

From the author's book

Bykova N. G. Comedy by A. G. Griboedov “Woe from Wit” A comedy written by Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. Unfortunately, there is no exact data on the time of the origin of the comedy idea. According to some reports, it was conceived in 1816, but there are suggestions that the first

From the author's book

Woe from the mind. Composition by A. S. Griboyedov* Comedy in 4 acts, in verse<…>Tragedy or comedy, like any work of art, must represent a special world closed in itself, that is, it must have a unity of action that does not come out of an external

On this day, February 11 (January 30, old style), 1829, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov died during the infamous "Tehran massacre". It is impossible to characterize such a multifaceted personality in a few words. From his works, notes, letters and memoirs of his contemporaries, so much evidence of his talents has been preserved that it remains only to lament the so early (Griboyedov's date of birth is not exactly established, but at the time of his death he was about 35 years old) death of a genius who could enrich many more Russian culture. We decided to recall the various facets of this unique personality and its reflections in the eyes of descendants.

1. "Writer of one book"

Of course, Griboyedov wrote more than one book. The concept of "writer of one book" can often be found, but it should not be taken literally - it means that the author has only one important work. It is probably not necessary to explain at length that such a view in many cases has every reason to be called superficial. So it is in the case of Griboyedov. His "Woe from Wit" is certainly a book that everyone should read (and more than once), and is his most serious, complete and complete work. However, his other works are also worthy of the attention of everyone who is generally interested in Russian literature.

2. The master who lost the manuscript

Last but not least, such a perception of Griboyedov's legacy is due to the fact that a significant part of his works simply did not reach us - or came partially in draft versions. Even the immortal "Woe from Wit" in the form in which we know it owes only to the enthusiasm of the readers. After all, it was published years after the death of the writer - and subjected to strong censorship. The text, familiar to us from the school desk, is printed according to one of the manuscripts copied from the author - this is how the masterpiece was first distributed. After the tragedy in Tehran, Griboyedov's widow was returned his personal belongings, among which were unpublished books. However, as the researcher of the poet's work S. Fomichev notes, there is every reason to talk about the loss of a number of conceived and begun works.

3. "Russian Shakespeare"

Much of what remains to us from Griboedov, as already mentioned, has the character of incompleteness - to varying degrees. And some of his works that have come down to us were written by him at the dawn creative activity. Therefore, the monumental "Woe from Wit", standing on a par with other masterpieces of Russian literary classics, against their background seems to be a work from another planet. This at one time provoked the emergence of the theory that the author of the play was in fact not Griboyedov, but one of his colleagues. As you know, there is a similar - only more complicated - theory about Shakespeare, whom some tend to consider a collective pseudonym like Kozma Prutkov. The second "Russian Shakespeare" in the 20th century was Mikhail Sholokhov, whose great novel " Quiet Don"over time, overgrown with a whole heap of conspiracy studies. But, unlike these cases, the answer to the question of why "Woe from Wit" became the only significant work in Griboyedov's bibliography seems to be bitterly simple - he died too early, moreover, as biographers testify, just on the eve of a powerful creative breakthrough.

4. Innovator and experimenter

And to call Griboedov's early works weak is not entirely fair. He showed his talent as a satirist early, writing a parody of Ozerov's famous tragedy, which he called "Dmitry Dryanskoy", where he caustically exposed the prejudices of an educated society (unfortunately, the text has not been preserved). And his desire to develop creatively, which never faded away, significantly influenced Moscow cultural life. For example, researchers note that his experiment with the genre of "salon comedy" ("Family Secret"), borrowed from his French colleagues, set a whole fashion in theaters, which lasted for several years. Griboyedov's creative searches continued until his death - this is evidenced by his later works ("Georgian Night", 1828). Unusually - in comparison with "Woe from Wit" - the heavy syllable that occurs in the later poems of the poet speaks of a deep reflection on the literary form and language. But the search was not destined to end and result in something integral.

5. "And he speaks as he writes ..."

Griboyedov not only received an excellent education, he was a rare erudite (he discovered Goethe, Schiller, Shakespeare, whom he knew by heart) and a polyglot (he knew several European, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Georgian languages, as well as Latin and ancient Greek). His analytical skills, wit and outlook made an incredible impression on his contemporaries. Yes, even on such contemporaries who themselves could impress anyone. For example, Pushkin himself spoke of his namesake with undisguised enthusiasm and extremely succinctly: "One of the smartest people in Russia." Everyone knows Griboedov's extraordinary musical abilities. Alas, musical works Even less of Alexander Sergeevich survived than the literary ones - but what! No wonder the young Mikhail Glinka communicated with him with such enthusiasm. Griboedov, they write, was also an excellent narrator. However, he did not have time to realize this talent enough to realize it fully in prose. However, something worked...

6. "Failed Tolstoy"

Griboyedov was keenly interested in history. It is known that he wanted to write about 1812 (the remaining materials hint at the project of a whole epic), about the Baptism of Russia, about the Tatar-Mongol yoke. He studied thematic magazines and books, planned trips to historical places. In some of his duties he really managed to visit. And him travel notes from the Crimea, from the Caucasus and from Persia, they discover in Griboedov an attentive observer and an incredibly interesting and lively narrator. Unfortunately, the last visit to Persia ended in tragedy for the newly minted Russian ambassador to Persia, Griboyedov, and 37 other Russian subjects.

7. Was glad to serve

Speaking about the personality of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov, one cannot but recall the evidence of his exceptional human qualities. A true patriot (and what bold "hussar" verses!), he made a lot of efforts, fighting for the fate of Russian prisoners in Persia (which did not prevent him from being guided by the principle "serve - sickening" - after all, he miraculously passed the punishment for ties with the Decembrists). The Persian Armenians asked for his help, whom he helped to shelter from persecution by local fanatics (this patronage in many ways became fatal for the Russian diplomatic mission). One curious story is also connected with the name of Griboedov, characterizing him as a courageous and noble person. Being a second of his comrade, who killed another of his friends in a duel because of a lady, and feeling part of the responsibility for what happened, he accepted the challenge of the second of the other side - Alexander Yakubovich. Having waited for his turn, Griboedov fired without approaching the enemy, although he had previously received a wound in the arm from him. It was for this wound that they were able to identify the corpse of the great figure of Russian literature of the 19th century in the corpse disfigured by Persian fanatics ...

A word about Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov.

You are starting to study the biography of A.S. Griboyedov. The resources below will help you answer the following questions:

In what era did A.S. Griboyedov?
What education and upbringing did A.S. Griboyedov?
In what historical events of that era did A.S. Griboyedov?
What events, people and things are connected with the death of Griboyedov &

I advise you to complete the following tasks to prepare for control testing:

compile for yourself a chronological certificate about the education of A.S. Griboyedov:

Event	date of

draw up a certificate of military and civil service A.S. Griboyedov

Event	date of

What impressed you the most about your personality and life path A.S. Griboyedov? Write an essay on this topic (complete the task below).

A.S. Griboyedov is a universal genius.

A.S. Griboyedov is called a universal genius. When you get acquainted with the materials below, you will understand why.
Answer the questions:

What other talents, in addition to literary ones, did A.S. Griboyedov?
What is famous for A.S. Griboyedov as a diplomat?

You can learn more about A.S. Griboyedov

Wriddle "Woe from Wit". Features of a dramatic work

The new work, "Woe from Wit" was not like the previous dramatic works. How it differed and how the writer's contemporaries reacted to it, you will learn from this lesson.

Lesson plan

Comedy idea.

The canons of classicism and the comedy "Woe from Wit". Reviews of contemporaries and critics.

Famous directors about "Woe from Wit".

Control testing.

About what caused the birth of the famous comedy "Woe from Wit", you will learn from the reference below. Think about the question, what prompted A.S. Griboyedov the plot of the comedy: fantasy, stories of contemporaries, personal experience. Try to justify your point of view. You may need materials from the previous lesson for this.

The canons of classicism and the comedy "Woe from Wit". Reviews of contemporaries and critics

Woe from Wit” by its appearance called into question the need to comply with the canons of classicism.
Below are the materials on this topic. Read carefully the article by I.A. Goncharov "A Million of Torments".

It is in it that you will find answers to the following questions.

The following canons are characteristic of classicism: unity of place, unity of time, unity of action (if a comedy begins with a love affair, then only this line should develop and find its denouement at the end), unity of style (only high or only low), a clear division of heroes into positive and negative, idealization goodies, long monologues of the protagonist. What canons are observed by A.S. Griboedov in comedy, and which ones are violated?
What was the reaction caused by the writer's violation of the norms of classicism?
What role did, according to I.A. Goncharova, the writer's violation of the norms of classicism?

Famous directors about "Woe from Wit"

"Woe from Wit", banned during the life of the author, found its stage life later. The play was not perceived by either the directors or the audience as archaic.

Famous directors V.E. Meyerhold and K.S. Stanislavsky are the leaders of two completely different directions in their approaches to theatrical art. Each of them had their own special considerations for staging the comedy Woe from Wit. Whose opinion is closer to you, and what settings would you give to a modern director for staging a comedy?

Control testing

Russian criticism about A.S. Griboyedov. Decembrist ideas in comedy

With this topic, we complete the study of A.S. Griboyedov. His comedy "Woe from Wit" was of interest to Russian critics not only because of the conflict, which is unlikely to ever lose its relevance, but also as historical work, reflecting the era of the Decembrists.

Lesson plan

The era of A.S. Griboyedov - the era of the Decembrists