Quote message 190 years since the birth of one of the greatest writers in the world, Leo Tolstoy



Museum-estate "Yasnaya Polyana"

L. N. Tolstoy. Newsreel of 1910 (compiled from filming in 1908-1910).

Music: P. I. Tchaikovsky - Grand Sonata in G major, Op. 37, 1st part.

Content:

I. TOLSTOY'S LAST VISIT TO MOSCOW. September 1909 ( 00:00) 1. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy leaves for Moscow from the Chertkov estate ( 00:03)

2. Countess Sofia Andreevna Tolstaya ( 00:17)

3. L. N. Tolstoy, Chertkov and the family of the great writer ( 00:29)

4. Arrival in Moscow ( 01:34)

5. At the station Bryansk ( 01:43)

6. Leo Tolstoy arrives at his house in Khamovniki; this house will be turned into a Tolstoy museum ( 01:51)

7. Leo Nikolayevich's departure to Yasnaya Polyana ( 02:16)

II. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana. 1908-1910 ( 02:49)

8. Family of L. N. Tolstoy ( 02:51)

9. Lev Nikolaevich distributes alms to poor peasants ( 03:02)

10. Tolstoy's ride on horseback, accompanied by Dr. Makovetsky ( 04:05)

11. L. N. for a walk at five o'clock in the morning ( 04:57)

12. Lev Nikolaevich and his wife Countess Sofya Andreevna ( 05:05)

13. Grandchildren of Lev Nikolaevich ( 05:56)

14. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy at work ( 06:34)

15. Count Tolstoy on the balcony with his family ( 06:47)

16. Sick gr. LN Tolstoy on his balcony on the day of the anniversary. August 28, 1908 ( 07:13)

III. DEATH IN ASTAPOV AND FUNERAL IN Yasnaya Polyana. November 7-9, 1910

17. L. N. Tolstoy on his deathbed ( 07:22)


Interesting Facts:

Behind the epic four-volume book "War and Peace" (which the author himself called "wordy rubbish"), and especially behind its interpretation in the performance of the school curriculum, the true, mystical personality of Leo Tolstoy was lost.

Who was he - a free-thinking philosopher, or did schizophrenia show through his messianic insights? If such a person had lived in Medieval Europe, he would certainly have been burned as a heretic, as Jacques de Molay, Master of the Knights Templar, was burned in 1314.

And Leo Tolstoy was not as far from the Templars as one might think.
Leo Tolstoy - a descendant of the Templar crusader

The family of Leo Tolstoy's mother, M. N. Volkonskaya, descended from Prince Yaroslav the Wise. And the founder of the paternal family was a Knight Templar named Henri de Mons, also called Indris, who fled to Russia in 1352 from the terror unleashed against his associates. After the defeat of the Order and the execution of its Master, some of the knights disappeared in an unknown direction, taking with them part of the order's treasures and the most important documents, which told about the origins of Christianity. The main version - that the fugitives fled to Scotland, remained unconfirmed.
According to the Chernigov chronicle, the nobleman Indris came to Russia with his two sons Litvonis and Zigmonten, and 3,000 people of the squad came with them. At baptism, Indris was named Leontius, and his sons were named Konstantin and Fedor. Subsequently, the descendants of Leonty entered the service of the Grand Duke of Moscow, Vasily the Dark.

Another famous descendant of Indris is Marshal Tukhachevsky.

Tolstoy - "loser"

Tolstoy received his primary education at home. At first, the German Reselman was his tutor, then the French Saint-Thomas. In 1844, Leo Tolstoy entered the Faculty of Oriental Languages ​​at the Imperial Kazan University in the category of Arabic-Turkish literature. Despite initially excellent results, the student simply did nothing and was left as a freshman for the second year.

Then he transferred to the Faculty of Law, but he studied there for only two years. The young nobleman was disgusted by any information imposed from the outside, and he could not study according to the general program, although he always achieved high results with self-study. In 1847, Tolstoy left the university without having passed his degree exams. But the young student began to keep a diary, became interested in this occupation, and subsequently drew many plots for his works from it.

The future writer is the hero of the Sevastopol war

Tolstoy's older brother, Nikolai, served in the army and convinced his brother to also join the army as a cadet. The brothers ended up serving in the Caucasus together and took part in many skirmishes with the highlanders. Lev Nikolaevich deserved the St. George Cross, but generously gave it to a simple soldier, to whom this award gave the right to significant benefits. In November 1854, Lev was transferred to Sevastopol, where he participated in the Crimean War for ten months. He commanded an artillery battery, was present during the assault on Malakhov Kurgan. A young soldier during active battles wrote the biographical work "Boyhood", as well as the trilogy "Sevastopol Tales", where he reflected on the harsh and unexpected ways of war. The books turned out to be successful, and they were willingly taken to print for the Sovremennik magazine, edited by A.N. Nekrasov.
For participation in the defense of Sevastopol, Tolstoy received several awards, including the Order of St. Anne of the 4th degree and the medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol".

"Rebellious" value system

The young writer critically perceived the existing order public life. His intellect was above those limits. Tolstoy saw the unfair distribution of wealth and tried to compensate for it.
As early as 1849, Tolstoy discovered in Yasnaya Polyana school for serfs, taught there Foka Demidovich - a serf. Often Tolstoy himself held classes there.
Lev Nikolaevich was not spiritually dependent on anyone's approval. He opposed church abuses, and called rituals witchcraft. As a result, he was excommunicated from the Church, and to this day his name is subjected to fierce condemnation as a "sinner", "blasphemer", "possessed" and "spiritual suicide". However, in his actions and statements, the Russian writer was a humanist, and it is not for nothing that he is compared with Mahatma Gandhi. Of course, Tolstoy also had delusions, mainly due to a gap in knowledge of history, but this man was in a sincere search the right way and was always honest with himself and with others.
There is a version that Tolstoy not only demanded religious reforms: he also threatened to create his own religion. He knew well the essence of Freemasonry and various sects, as well as the Talmud and the Koran. This awareness was also the basis for accusations of blasphemy.
In 1889, Tolstoy wrote in his diary: “A new world outlook and movement is maturing in the world, and as if participation is required from me - its proclamation. It’s as if I’m purposely made for this by what I am with my reputation—made by a bell.” “During the night I heard a voice demanding the denunciation of the delusions of the world. This night, a voice told me that the time had come to expose the evil of the world ... We must not delay and postpone. There is nothing to be afraid of, nothing to think about, how and what to say.
Tolstoy wrote a letter of appeal to Tsar Nicholas II, where he called him brother. In a letter, he demanded a change in the existing order and warned that otherwise great misfortunes would follow for the country and society. He pointed out that as a result of religious and political persecution, the prisons were overcrowded, the people were starving, and literally all segments of the population were dissatisfied with the government. Prophetically cited the phrase of King Louis XV "After us, at least the deluge." Yes, in France, as a result of his thoughtless rule, a revolution took place, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette died on the guillotine, rivers of blood were shed.
"Measures of violence can oppress the people, but you cannot control them." The only means ... to give the people the opportunity to express their desires and needs ... to fulfill those of them that will meet the requirements of not one class or estate, but the majority of it.
For all his moral qualities, Nicholas II was too weak-willed and dependent on his environment, and did not follow the advice of the writer, who later turned out to be a visionary.

Grave without a cross

Tolstoy bequeathed to bury him without a funeral service and in a simple grave without a cross: simply "bury the body so that it does not stink." This phrase of the Russian writer echoes a similar statement by the ancient Greek sage Demonakt, who, when asked what orders he would give about his burial, replied: “Do not bother. The scent will take care of my burial."
At the grave of Tolstoy, shortly after his death, an incident occurred that served as an occasion for a new surge of reasoning about his demonic essence. Pupils, followers and admirers of the talent of the great writer constantly came here. To the great annoyance of the orthodox believers, who stated that the grave had acquired all the signs of religious reverence. On August 28, 1911, a group of Tolstoy's students laid flowers on the grave. The ten-year-old son of one of them, Biryukov, bent down to correct them, and suddenly cried out loudly. The father saw with horror that the right hand of the child was entwined with a large viper that had bitten the boy.
This incident was again regarded as a mystical-evil echo of the writer's soul. However, vipers often settle on graves: they are less touched there, and, naturally, they protect their offspring from possible encroachments.



Descendants of the writer

Several talented and outstanding contemporaries are among the writer's descendants. Lives in Russia

Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy

- Advisor to the President of Russia on cultural issues. It is he who is the organizer of the preservation of the heritage of his ancestor.

Fyokla Tolstaya


is a well-known Russian journalist. Graduated from Moscow State University, speaks five languages.
Pyotr Tolstoy is also a journalist, his father and his family returned to Russia from exile in 1944.


Dmitry Tolstoy lives in Paris and owns a photography studio. He is the author of a series of photographs of the Yasnaya Polyana estate.


In Yasnaya Polyana - the descendants of Tolstoy

The Swedish branch of Tolstoy founded son of Lev Nikolaevich - Lev Lvov h: for health reasons, he was forced to turn to the Swedish doctor Westerlund. And then he fell in love with his daughter Dora and married her.

Their descendants: Andrei Tolstoy, one of the most famous reindeer herders in Scandinavia. Victoria Tolstoy(exactly so, without inclining) - jazz singer, said: “When I was in Moscow a few years ago, I visited the Tolstoy House Museum. I remember I saw a portrait of a lady from the Tolstoy family there and was amazed at how similar this young woman from past centuries was to me! Then for the first time I really felt my involvement in the Tolstoy family: how much connects and unites us at the deepest genetic level!
Ilaria Shtiler-Timon lives in Israel and teaches Italian. She is the great-granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy's eldest daughter, Tatyana Sukhotina-Tolstaya.

Rambler reports. Next: https://news.rambler.ru/o ther/38837363/?utm_content=rnews&utm_medium=read_more&utm_source=copylink

Table II.

Click on the picture to enlarge

Notes

On the table, the persons placed in it have one of our numbers, but here, in addition to it, numbers are given according to the book by V. Rummel and V. Golubtsov “Genealogical collection of Russian surnames”, vol. II, St. Petersburg. 1886. The numbers after the name and patronymic indicate the number of the father (or mother) of the person. Representatives of the Tolstoy family are included in the table both along male and female lines, and only persons born before the year of Leo Tolstoy's death are included.

The Tolstoy family is recorded in the so-called. "Sixth book", i.e., in the list of old noble families. One can learn about the origin of the Tolstoys from only one source - the genealogy filed by Tolstoy in the "Discharge Order, the Chamber of Genealogical Affairs" in 1686. Referring to the Chernigov Chronicle, which has not come down to us, this genealogy claims that the Tolstoys descended from a certain Indros or Indrisa, a native "from a German, from the Caesar land", who left in 1353 with two sons and a three-thousandth retinue to Chernigov, which was ruled at that time by the Lithuanian prince Dmitry Olgerdovich. According to historians, it can be concluded with certainty that Indris was of Lithuanian origin, which is confirmed by his name and the names of his sons. Litvinos and Zimonten.

Indris and his sons converted to Orthodoxy. The great-grandson of Indris Andrei Kharitonovich left Chernigov to the Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich the Dark (1435-1462) and was nicknamed Tolstoy.

In the era of Russian tsars, there were no boyars from the Tolstoy family, but some of them were devious; many were stewards, governors in different cities, etc.

Beginning with the reign of Peter I, many Tolstoys reached prominent positions and intermarried with other noble families. Some representatives of this genus showed great talents.

The first eleven generations of the Tolstoys are known only by their first names. From Indris, at the baptism of Leontius (k. I), descended in a straight line: Litvinos, at the baptism of Konstantin (k. II), Khariton (k. III), Andrei, nicknamed Tolstoy (k. IV), Karp (k. V) , Fedor (k. VI), Eustathius (k. VII), Andrei (k. VIII), Vasily (k. IX), Yakov (k. X), Ivan (k. XI).

K.XII. 31. Ivan Ivanovich served as governor in Krapivna under Ivan the Terrible, had the estate of Sizino in the Suzdal district.

K. XIII. 40. Vasily Ivanovich(31), (d. 1649) nicknamed "Sharp" (sharp) held a number of prominent positions and rose to the rank of roundabout.

K. XIV. 1/54. Andrey Vasilievich(40), (d. 1690). He also rose to the rank of okolnichi, participated in the Swedish war of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, then, as the Chernigov governor, withstood the siege of Samoylovich.

After the death of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, he was a supporter of Sophia and participated in the Crimean campaigns of Prince. You. You. Golitsyn.

Married since 1642 to the daughter of Mikhail Vasilyevich Miloslavsky.

K.XV. 2/69. Ivan Andreevich(1/54), (b. 1644, d. 25. VIII. 1713), steward, governor of Zvenigorodsky, governor of Azov, privy councilor, nicknamed "Sharpenk" after his grandfather, participated in the enthronement of Sophia, and then went over to the side Peter. Brother of great-great-great-grandfather Tolstoy.

He is married to Marya Matveevna Apraksina, sister of the second wife of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, Tsaritsa Marfa Matveevna.

3/70. Gr. Petr Andreevich(1/54), (b. 1645, d. 17. II. 1729), nicknamed after his grandfather in the same way as his brother, "Sharpenk", is known as one of the prominent figures of the Petrine era. At first, by kinship with Miloslavsky, he was an adherent of Sophia, but then went over to the side of Peter. At the age of 48, he went to study abroad, then he was the first Russian ambassador in Constantinople, during the war between Russia and Turkey he spent several months in a difficult prison in the Seven-Tower Castle, then he went abroad again, from where he lured Tsarevich Alexei by cunning, participated in the trial of him, served as a member of the "Secret Foreign Affairs Collegium", a member of the Secret Chancellery, president of the College of Commerce, received the title of count (May 7, 1724) and amassed a large fortune. However, two years after the death of Peter, in 1727, when the omnipotent Menshikov wanted to marry his daughter to Peter II, the son of Tsarevich Alexei, P. A. Tolstoy, due to his participation in the trial of Tsarevich Alexei and for participating in intrigues against Menshikov, was recognized as subject to the death penalty, but due to old age, he was deprived of all ranks, estates and titles and exiled to the Solovetsky Monastery, where he died 84 years old. He was smart, talented, ambitious, cunning and unscrupulous in his means. For his time he was well educated, translated from Latin Ovid, from Italian "History of the Turkish Empire", and left interesting notes of his travels abroad. Tolstoy's great-great-great-grandfather.

Married since 1683 or 1684 to Solomonid Timofeevna Dubrovskaya (b. 16 .., d. 1722).

K. XVI. 4/95. Gr. Ivan Petrovich(3/70), (b. 1685, d. VI. 1728) was in 1726 President of the College of Justice, and in 1727, together with his father, was exiled to Solovki, where he died.

Married with IV. 1711 on Praskovya Mikhailovna Rtishcheva (d. 1748), from whom he had five sons and five daughters. Tolstoy's great-great-grandfather.

5/96. Gr. Petr Petrovich(3/70), (d. 24. X. 1728), Colonel of the Little Russian Cossack Nezhinsky Regiment; stripped of this title and earl title in 1727

Married since 12. X. 1718 to the daughter of the hetman of Little Russia, Juliana-Anastasia Ivanovna Skoropadskaya (b. 9. III. 1703, died. 13. III. 1733). Brother of great-great-grandfather Tolstoy.

K. XVII. 6/127. Gr. Andrey Ivanovich(4/95), (b. 1721, d. 30. VI. 1803), (rev.), served in the military and civil service, rose to the rank of real state councilor. Under Elizabeth, in 1760, the title and some of the Tolstoy estates were returned to him.

Married since 9. VI. 1745 on kzh. Alexandra Ivanovna Shchetinina (d. 2. II. 1811), by whom he had 23 children; six sons and five daughters reached adulthood. Tolstoy's great-grandfather.

7/129. Gr.(since May 26, 1760) Fedor Ivanovich(4/95), Privy Councilor, Deputy of the Catherine's Commission of the Code.

Married to kzh. Evdokia Mikhailovna Volkonskaya, in her first marriage to Khrushchev. Brother of great-grandfather Tolstoy.

8/131. Gr. Alexander Petrovich(5/96), (p. 30. VIII. 1719, d. 10. I. 1792) major of the guard.

Married to Evdokia Lvovna Izmailova (b. 25. III. 1731, died. 19. V. 1794). Tolstoy's great-grandfather cousin.

K. XVIII. 9/155. Gr. Petr Andreevich(6/127), (b. 1746, d. 20. XI. 1822), Kriegs Commissar General, was known for his honesty. Brother of grandfather Tolstoy.

Married to Elizabeth Yegorovna Barbot-de-Morni (Barbot-de-Morni, b. 1750, d. 28. XII. 1802).

10/156. Gr. Ivan Andreevich(6/127), (b. 1747, died between 1811 and 1832), was the Kologriv leader of the nobility. Brother of grandfather Tolstoy.

Married to Anna Feodorovna Maykova (b. 1771, d. 4. VI. 1834).

11/157. Gr. Vasily Andreevich(6/127), (b. 1753, d. 1824), State Councilor. Brother of grandfather Tolstoy.

Married to Ekaterina Yakovlevna Tregubova (d. 1832).

12/158. Gr. Ilya Andreevich(6/127), (p. 20. VII. 1757, d. 21. III. 1820), (buried in the Kizichesky monastery near Kazan), (flash) foreman and privy councilor, was very rich, but as a result of his wide life, he completely upset his condition and the condition of his wife. He was the governor of Kazan, where he left a sad memory of himself as a bad administrator. According to the recall of his grandson, L. N. Tolstoy, he was a narrow-minded man, soft and not only generous, but stupidly winded, and most importantly, gullible; some of his character traits are depicted in "War and Peace" (Ilya Andreevich Rostov). His portrait is in Yasnaya Polyana. Tolstoy's grandfather

Married to kzh. Pelageya Nikolaevna Gorchakova (born 1762, died on May 25, 1838). About her, see “Rod. book. Gorchakov, No. 14.

13/159. Gr. Fedor Andreevich ( 6/127), (b. 16. XII. 1758, d. 12. IV. 1849), Privy Councilor, well-known collector of manuscripts and antiquities. Brother of grandfather Tolstoy.

Married to Stefanida Alekseevna Durasova (d. 22. IX. 1821).

14/160. Gr. Andrey Andreevich(6/127), (p. VII. 1771, d. 8. II. 1844), colonel, Belevsky leader of the nobility. Brother of grandfather Tolstoy.

Married to Praskovya Vasilievna Barykova (b. 9. IX. 1796, d. 7. II. 1879), (letters).

15. Gr. Anna Andreevna(6/127). The first marriage was for the gene. Lieutenant Senator Iv. Iv. Bakhmetev, second marriage for the fleet captain Vladimir Matveyevich Rzhevsky (b. 1740). Tolstoy's grandfather's sister.

16/164. Gr. Stepan Fedorovich(7/129), (b. 6. IV.I756, d. II. 1809), foreman. Tolstoy's grandfather's cousin.

Married to kzh. Alexandra Nikolaevna Shcherbatova (born March 29, 1756, died on August 5, 1820).

17/171. Gr. Petr Alexandrovich(8/131), (b. 1769, d. 28. IX. 1844), general of infantry, participated in the wars of the reign of Alexander I, was ambassador in Paris under Napoleon I, one of the chief commanders of the militia in 1812 and a member of the State advice. He is mentioned in War and Peace. Second cousin of Tolstoy's grandfather.

Married to kzh. Marya Alekseevna Golitsyna (p. 3. VIII. 1772, d. 25. XII. 1826).

K. XIX. 18/189. Gr. Alexander Petrovich(9/155), (b. 22. VIII. 1777, d. 21. IX. 1819), colonel, was a participant in the conspiracy that ended in the murder of Paul I. Tolstoy's cousin.

Married since 1805 to Nadezhda Gerasimovna Ritova (b. 10.IV. 1772, d. . 21.IV. 1807).

19/191. Gr. Konstantin Petrovich(9/155), (b. 12. II. 1780, d. 29. V. 1870), collegiate adviser.

He was married by his first marriage to Khlyustina, by his second marriage to Anna Alekseevna Perovskaya (b. 20. VI. 1796, d. 1. VI. 1857). Tolstoy's cousin.

20/193. Gr. Fedor Petrovich(9/155), (b. 10. II. 1783, d. 13. IV. 1873), (days, letters) vice president imp. Academy of Arts (since 28. XI. 1828), comrade. President imp. Academy of Arts (since 1859), famous artist and medalist.

From 1809 he was married to Anna Feodorovna Dudina (b. 21. X. 1792, d. 17. IX. 1835), by the second marriage - to Anastasia Ivanovna Ivanova (b. 1817, d. 1. XI. 1889), (days, letters). Tolstoy's cousin.

21/194. Gr. Fedor Ivanovich(10/156), (p. 6. II. 1782, d. 24. X. 1846), (review, letters), the so-called "Tolstoy-American", a retired colonel, is known as a man of desperate courage and unbridled temper, a duelist and card player. In his youth, he was sent on a voyage around the world, but for his tricks he was put off the ship; visited the Aleutian Islands and Kamchatka, from where he returned to St. Petersburg through Siberia. In the 1820s as a result of his quarrel with A. S. Pushkin, a duel was to take place between them, but in 1826 a reconciliation followed; in 1829, Pushkin even entrusted him with his matchmaking with N. N. Goncharova. It includes Pushkin’s poems in the “Message to Chaadaev”, in which F.I. Tolstoy is called a philosopher, “who in the past summers amazed four parts of the world with debauchery”, and Griboyedov in “Woe from Wit”: “Night robber, duelist, to Kamchatka was exiled, returned as an Aleut...” In the works of L. N. Tolstoy, Fedor Ivanovich was reflected in the types of the old hussar in “Two Hussars” and Dolokhov in “War and Peace”.

Married since 10. I. 1821 to a gypsy Evdokia Maksimovna Tugaeva (b. 1796, d. 27. IX. 1861), (days). Tolstoy's cousin.

22/195. Gr. Petr Ivanovich(10/156), (b. 1785, d. 1834), (days, letters), retired midshipman.

Married to Elizaveta Alexandrovna Yergolskaya (b. 1790, d. 14. IX. 1851), (days, wake up), sister of Tatyana Alexandrovna Ergolskaya, tutor of L. N. Tolstoy, his brothers and sisters (see “Kn. Gorchakov family”, No. 27). Tolstoy's cousin.

23. Gr. Vera Ivanovna(10/156), (b. 1783, d. 10. XII. 1879), (days), She was married to Semyon Antonovich Khlyustin. Tolstoy's cousin.

24/197. Gr. Sergey Vasilevich(11/157), (b. 1785, died before 1839), Simbirsk and Nizhny Novgorod vice-governor.

Married to Vera Nikolaevna Shenshina. Tolstoy's cousin.

25/201. Gr. Nikolai Ilyich(12/158), (p. 26. VI. 1795, d. 21. VI. 1837, buried in the village of Kochaki, near Yasnaya Polyana), (review, letters), in 1812, almost a boy (17 years old), entered the military service, served in the Ukrainian Cossack, in the Irkutsk Hussars, in the Cavalry Guards and in the Hussars of the Prince of Orange, was in many battles; in 1814, after the Battle of Lutsen, he was sent by courier from Germany to St. Petersburg, on the way back he was taken prisoner by the French, retired in 1819, married, and then settled in his wife's estate, Yasnaya Polyana. He died suddenly in Tula. According to the people who knew him, he was a man of an independent character. Some features of his life and character are depicted in "War and Peace" (Nikolai Rostov). His portraits are in the Tolstoy Museum in Moscow and in Yasnaya Polyana. Tolstoy's father

Married since 9. VII. 1822 on kzh. Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya (b. 10. XI. 1790, d. 7. VIII. 1830), (resp.).(About her, see "The Family of Prince Volkonsky", No. 15).

26. Gr. Alexandra Ilyinichna(12/158), (b. 1797?, d. 30. VIII. 1841, buried in Optina Desert), (resp.), wife gr. Karl Ivanovich von der Osten-Saken (b. 1797, d. 1855), (review, letters), was the guardian of her young nephews and nieces: Nikolai, Sergei, Dmitry, Leo and Maria Tolstoy. She was unhappy in her married life: her husband was mentally ill and made an attempt on her life. There are her portraits in Yasnaya Polyana and the Tolstoy Museum in Moscow. Tolstoy's aunt.

27. Gr. Pelageya Ilyinichna(12/158), (b. 1801, died 22.XII.1875, buried in the village of Kochaki, near Yasnaya Polyana), (resp., days, letters), wife retired. regiment. Vladimir Ivanovich Yushkov (b. 1789, d. 28. XI. 1869), after the death of her older sister, was the guardian of her young nephews Tolstoy, lived mostly in Kazan, where her husband was from; died in Yasnaya Polyana. She had no children. There are her portraits in Yasnaya Polyana and the Tolstoy Museum in Moscow. Tolstoy's aunt.

28/202. Gr. Ilya Ilyich(12/158), died in childhood (in 1809). Uncle Tolstoy.

29. Gr. Agrafena Fedorovna(13/159), (b. 1800, died in the winter of 1879), (days), wife since 27. IX. 1818 of the famous Moscow governor-general (in 1848-1859) gr. Arsenia Andr. Zakrevsky (p. 13. IX. 1783, d. 11. I. 1865). Tolstoy's cousin.

30. Gr. Elizaveta Andreevna(14/160), (b. 1812, d. 27.II. 1867), (days, letters), who lived with her younger sister, Mrs. Alexandra Andreevna, was well acquainted with Leo Tolstoy. Tolstoy's cousin.

31/203. Gr. Ilya Andreevich(14/160), (b. 7. VIII. 1813, d. 21. VII. 1879), (days), senator. With his assistance, Leo Tolstoy entered the Caucasus for military service. Tolstoy's cousin.

32. Gr. Alexandra Andreevna(14/160), (p. 17. VII. 1817, d. 21. III. 1904), ( days, letters) chamber maid of honor, tutor of the daughter of Alexander II, Maria Alexandrovna; been in for many years friendly relations with L. N. Tolstoy, as evidenced by the extensive correspondence between them, published by the St. Petersburg Tolstoy Museum in 1911. Tolstoy's cousin.

33. Gr. Sofia Andreevna(14/160), (b. 1824, d. 31. III. 1895), (days), younger sister of Alexandra Andreevna Tolstoy, who lived with her. Tolstoy's cousin.

Married to Tatyana Alekseevna Repeva. Tolstoy's cousin.

35. Anastasia Vladimirovna Rzhevskaya. (15), (p. 21. VII. 1784, d. 18 ..). Married on 9. X. 1804 to Andrei Andreevich Beer (b. 17 .., d. 24. VIII. 1820). Tolstoy's cousin.

36/211. Gr. Vladimir Stepanovich(16/164), (b. 25. III. 1778, d. 19. II. 1825), collegiate assessor.

Married since 5. VII. 1807 on Praskovya Nikolaevna Sumarokova (b. 1787, d. 19. VII. 1852), who was in a second marriage from 10. XI. 1831 for Peter Ivanovich Krasilnikov (d. 4. XI. 1847). Tolstoy's second cousin.

37. Gr. Elizaveta Stepanovna(16/164), (b. 1781, d. 18 ..).

Married since 1801 to a collegiate assessor, gr. Grigory Sergeevich Saltykov (born 1778, died 1814). Tolstoy's second cousin.

38/217. Gr. Andrey Stepanovich(16/164), (b. 1793, d. 1830), staff captain.

Married since 1821 to Praskovya Dmitrievna Pavlova (d. 1849), who was in her second marriage to Alexei Yakovlevich Venkstern (b. 6. I. 1810, d. 18 ..). Tolstoy's second cousin.

K.XX. 39/261. Gr. Alexey Konstantinovich(19/191, from second marriage), (p. 24. VIII. 1817, d. 29. IX. 1875), (days, letters), real state councilor, famous poet.

Married since 3. IV. 186Z on Sofya Andreevna Bakhmeteva (b. 30. III. 1825, d. 9. IV. 1892), who was in her first marriage to an officer of the Horse Guards Lev Fedorovich Miller (b. 29. III. 1820, d. 21. I. 1888 ), with whom she is divorced. Second cousin of Tolstoy.

40. Gr. Maria Fedorovna(20/193, from his first marriage), (b. 3. X. 1817, d. 22. VII. 1898), author of memoirs, one drama and a novel.

Married since 18. VII. 1837 after Pavel Pavlovich Kamensky (b. 1814, d. 13. VII. 1871), author of stories from Caucasian life. Second cousin of Tolstoy.

41. Gr. Ekaterina Fedorovna(20/193, from the second marriage) (b. 24. XI. 1843, d. 20. I. 1913).

Married to the famous ophthalmologist Eduard Andreevich Junge (b. 1838, d. 15. IX. 1898), artist, author of memoirs. Second cousin of Tolstoy.

42. Gr. Praskovya Fedorovna(21/194), (b. 1831, d. 25. III. 1887), (days, letters).

Married to Vasily Stepanovich Perfilyev (b. 19. I. 1826, d. 21. VI. 1890); a friend of the youth of L. N. Tolstoy, who was in 1878-1887. Moscow governor. Second cousin of Tolstoy.

43/262. Gr. Valeryan Petrovich(22/195), (p. 19. X. 1813, d. 6. I. 1865), (days, letters), retired major.

Married since 3.XI. 1847 on the sister of Leo Tolstoy Maria Nikolaevna (b. 1. III. 1830, d. 6. IV. 1912), in the early 1850s. managed his property affairs. Marya Nikolaevna divorced him in 1857. From the bourgeois Goltsova, Valeryan Petrovich had children. Second cousin of Tolstoy.

44. Gr. Alexandra Petrovna(22/195), (b. 1831, d. 18..), (days).

Married to a bar. Ivan Antonovich Delvig (p. 9. VIII. 1819, d. 18 ..), brother of the poet; lived in Chernsky Tula lips. in the village of Khitrov, next to Pokrovsky, the Val estate. Peter. Tolstoy, husband of Leo Tolstoy's sister. Second cousin of Tolstoy.

45/264. Gr. Nikolai Sergeevich(24/197), (b. 19. XII. 1812, d. 1875), (days) writer, author of everyday essays of the Volga region and retrograde articles.

Married to Lydia Nikolaevna Levasheva. Second cousin of Tolstoy.

46. Gr. Alexandra Sergeevna(24/197), (b. 1817, d. 18..), (resp.).

Married since 1841 to prof. History of Kazan University Nikolai Alekseevich Ivanov (born 1813, died 30. III. 1869). They lived in Kazan during the youth of Leo Tolstoy. Second cousin of Tolstoy.

47/269. Gr. Nikolai Nikolaevich(25/201), (p. 21. VI. 1823, d. 20. IX. 1860, buried in Gier), ( days, resurrection, letters). After graduating from Kazan University in mathematics, he entered the military service, participated in the war with the Caucasian highlanders, retired with the rank of staff captain; died of consumption on the island of Gière, in the south of France. He had a very strong influence on his younger brother Leo, about which the latter writes in his memoirs and in the story "The Green Stick". In Sovremennik (1857, No. 2), H. N. Tolstoy's article "Hunting in the Caucasus)" was published. His bust and portraits are in Yasnaya Polyana and the Tolstoy Museum in Moscow. Tolstoy's brother.

48/270. Gr. Sergey Nikolaevich(25/201), (b. 17. II. 1826, d. 23. VIII. 1904, buried in the village of Pirogov), (days, resurrection, letters). Graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics of Kazan University. In 1855-1856. served in the Shooting imp. surnames of the regiment; in 1881-1886 was Krapivensky leader of the nobility; last years of his life he lived in his name day Pirogov (Krapivensky district of the Tula province.), where he died. His photographic portraits are in Yasnaya Polyana and the Tolstoy Museum in Moscow.

Married since 7. VI. 1867 on the gypsy Marya Mikhailovna Shishkina (b. 1832?, d. 14. III. 1919). Tolstoy's brother.

49/271. Gr. Dmitry Nikolaevich(25/201), (p. 23. IV. 1827, d. 21. I. 1856, buried in the village of Kochaki, near Yasnaya Polyana), (days., vosp., letters). After graduating from the Faculty of Mathematics of Kazan University, he served in the civil service, died at a young age from consumption in Orel. L. N. Tolstoy used some of his character traits to characterize Nikolai Levin in Anna Karenina. In Yasnaya Polyana there is his daguerreotype. Tolstoy's brother.

50/272. Gr. Lev Nikolaevich(25/201), (p. 28. VIII. 1828, d. 7. XI. 1910).

Married since 23. IX. 1862 on Sofya Andreevna Bers (p. 22. VIII. 1844, d. 4. XI. 1919), (His offspring, see Table VI.)

51. Gr. Maria Nikolaevna(25/201) (voice., days., letters).

Married on 3.XI. 1847 for his second cousin c. Valerian Petrovich Tolstoy (see No. 43/262), with whom she broke up in 1857. After getting married, she lived in her husband's estate with. Pokrovsky Chernsky st. Tula Gubernia, then in her estate, part of Pirogov, for some time abroad, where she entered into a civil marriage with the Swede Viscount Hector-Victor de Klein (b. 1831, d. 1873), and in recent years in the Shamardin Monastery, where she took the vows in a nun (1891) and died. First of all, Leo Tolstoy went to see her, having left Yasnaya Polyana on October 28, 1910. Tolstoy's sister.

52. Vladimir Konstantinovich Rzhevsky(34), (b. 28. X. 1811, d. 14. III. 1885), (days), senator.

Married since 1852 to Natalia Andreevna Beer (b. 19. III. 1809, died. 15. IX. 1887), (see No. 55). Second cousin of Tolstoy.

53. Anna Konstantinovna Rzhevskaya(34), (b. 30. XI. 1816, d. II. 1908), (days). Second cousin of Tolstoy.

54. Sofia Konstantinovna Rzhevskaya(34), (b. 1826, d. 2. VI. 1901).

Married since 30. IV. 1850 for Nikolai Vasilyevich Velyashev (b. 25. IV. 1822, d. 6. VI. 1891). Second cousin of Tolstoy.

55. Natalya Andreevna Beer(35), (p. 19. III. 1809, d. 15. IX. 1887), (days, letters). Second cousin of Tolstoy.

Married since 1852 to her cousin Vladimir Konstantinovich Rzhevsky (see No. 52).

56/280. Gr. Mikhail Vladimirovich(36/211), (p. 23. V. 1812, d. 23. I. 1896), doctor of medicine, writer, author of articles on the history of the Orthodox Church.

Married from 23. X. 1850 to kzh. Elizaveta Petrovna Volkonskaya (b. 25. XII. 1823, d. 4. IX. 1881). Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

57. Gr. Alexandra G. Saltykova(37), (b. 1805 d. 16.IV. 1871), (days).

Married since 1824 to the Decembrist Pavel Ivanovich Koloshin (b. 1799, d. 22. I. 1854). In his youth, Leo Tolstoy was on friendly terms with the Koloshin family. Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

58/290. Gr. Dmitry Andreevich(38) 217), (p. 2. III. 1823, d. 25. IV. 1889), author of "The History of Financial Institutions in Russia from the Foundation of the State to the Death of Catherine II", "Le catolicisme romain en Russie" and a number of articles. He was Minister of Public Education in 1866-1880. and Minister of the Interior in 1882-1889, known for his reactionary policies.

Married since 8.XI. 1853 on Sofya Dmitrievna Bibikova (p. 21. V. 1826, d. 8. I. 1907). Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

K. XXI. 59. Fedor Vasilievich Perfiliev(42), (b. 1849 or 1850).

Married since 1880 to kzh. Marya Alexandrovna Golitsyna (p. VII. 1857), in her second marriage to a bar. Vladimir Dmitrievich Shepping (d. 1920?). Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

60. Gr. Nikolai Sergeevich(48/270), (1851-185.) d. in early childhood. Tolstoy's nephew.

61. Gr. Grigory Sergeevich(48/270), (b. 13. I. 1853, d. 1. VIII. 1928), retired lieutenant colonel of the Pavlograd Dragoon Regiment (1895).

Married on January 24, 1892 to a bar. Elena Vladimirovna von Tizenhausen (b. 21. IV. 1873). Tolstoy's nephew.

62. Gr. Elizaveta Sergeevna(48/270), d. in early childhood. Niece of Tolstoy.

63. Gr. Agrafena Sergeevna(48/270) d. 12 years old. Niece of Tolstoy.

64. Gr. Nikolai Sergeevich(48/270), (b. 1863?, d. III. 1865), Tolstoy's nephew.

65. Gr. Konstantin Sergeevich(48/270), (b. 1. I. 1864, d. H. 1864). Tolstoy's nephew.

66. Gr. Vera Sergeevna(48/270), (p. 3. V. 1865, d. 6. VI. 1923). She worked a lot for the Posrednik publishing house, which published a number of her translations. She was in a civil marriage since 1899 with Abdurashid Abulfatkh Sarafov. Niece of Tolstoy.

67. Gr. Yuri Sergeevich(48/270), (p. 1867, d. VI?1871). Tolstoy's nephew.

68. Gr. Alexander Sergeevich(48/270), (p. I?1870?, d. VI?1871). Tolstoy's nephew.

69. Gr. Varvara Sergeevna(48/270), (p. 1. VI. 1871, d. 1920.).

In a civil marriage since 1899? for Vladimir Nikitich Vasiliev. Niece of Tolstoy.

70. Gr. Maria Sergeevna(48/270), (p. 10. VI. 1872).

Married on May 30, 1900 to a landowner from Krapiven, Sergei Vasilievich Bibikov (p. 25/III. 1871, died on January 30, 1920). Niece of Tolstoy.

71. Gr. Petr Valeryanovich(43/262 and 51), (b. and d. 1849). Tolstoy's nephew.

72. Gr. Varvara Valeryanovna(43/262 and 51), (b. 8. I. 1850, d. 12. VIII. 1921), (days, letters).

Married on 2. VII. 1872 for Nikolai Mikhailovich Nagornov (b. 3. XII. 1845, d. 23. I. 1896), in the 1870s. head of the publishing affairs of L. N. Tolstoy and in the 1880s. former member of the Moscow City Council. Niece of Tolstoy.

78. Gr. Nikolai Valeryanovich(43/262 and 51), (p. 31. XII. 1850, d. 12. VI. 1879), (days, letters). In 1876 he traveled with Leo Tolstoy to the Samara Province. Tolstoy's nephew.

Married from 8. X. 1878 to the daughter of the Tula provincial architect Nadezhda Fedorovna Gromova (p. 9. IX. 1859), who married Alexander Petrovich Verkhovsky a second time on 8. I. 1882 (p. 5. VIII. 1854).

74. Gr. Elizaveta Valeryanovna(43/262 and 51), (b. 23.1.1852), (days, letters,).

Married from 18. I. 1871 to the book. Leonid Dmitrievich Obolensky (b. 28. I. 1844, d. 4. II. 1888), who was in the 1880s. Treasurer of the Moscow City Council. Niece of Tolstoy.

75. Elena Sergeevna Tolstaya(51 from G. de Maple), (p. 8. IX. 1863). She received her patronymic from her godfather, Count. Sergei Nikolaevich Tolstoy.

Married since 11. IV. 1893 for Ivan Vasilyevich Denisenko (b. 28. VI. 1851, d. 14. Kh. 1916), former chairman of the department of the Judicial Chamber in Novocherkassk. L. N. Tolstoy intended to go to them when, on October 28, 1910, he left Yasnaya Polyana. Niece of Tolstoy.

76. Alexandra Pavlovna Koloshina(57), (b. 1824, d. 1858). Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

77. Sergei Pavlovich Koloshin(57), (b. 10. I. 1825, d. 27. XI. 1868), (days.. letters), writer. Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

78. Dmitry Pavlovich Koloshin(57), (b. 1827, d. 2. XII. 1877), official. Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

79. Sofia Pavlovna Koloshina(57), (p. 22. VIII. 1828, d. 1911?), (days), childhood friend of Leo Tolstoy and, by his own admission, his first love. She was bred in "Childhood" in the person of Sonechka Valakhina. Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

80. Valentin Pavlovich Koloshin(57), (d. 28. VIII. 1855), a comrade of L. N. Tolstoy in Sevastopol, where he was killed. Tolstoy's fourth cousin.

K. XXII. 81. Sergey Grigorievich(61), (b. 7. XI. 1892).

Married on 1.XII. 1919 on Evgenia Nikolaevna Georgievskaya (b. 12. XII. 1892). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

82. Natalya Grigorievna(61), (p. 21. VIII. 1894).

Married to Chernoglazov. Great-niece of Tolstoy.

83. Grigory Grigorievich(61), (p. 6. XII. 1896, d. 12. VI. 1897). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

84. Zinaida Grigorievna(61), (p. 7. XI. 1899).

Married since 22.II. 1927 for Alexander Adolfovich Dranovich (b. 30. VIII. 1897). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

85. Nikolai Grigorievich(61), (b. 10. VI. 1903).

Married since 4. II. 1921 on Evdokia Nikandrovna Kupriyanova (b. 18. II. 1903), Tolstoy's great-nephew.

86. Mikhail Ilyich Tolstoy(66), (p. H. 1900, d. VIII. 1922). Received patronymic godfather. Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

87.Anna Vladimirovna Tolstaya(69), (p. 1899).

Married to Kuznetsov. Great-niece of Tolstoy.

88. Vladimir Vladimirovich Tolstoy (69). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

89. Sofia Vladimirovna Tolstaya(69). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

90. Marfa Vladimirovna Tolstaya(69), (b. 1902, d. 14. X. 1904). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

91. Marya Sergeevna Bibikova(70), (b. 9. III. 1901). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

92. Tatyana Sergeevna Bibikov (70), (p. 29. VIII. 1902). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

93. Alexey Sergeevich Bibikov(70), (b. 22. III. 1903). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

94. Alexander Sergeevich Bibikov(70), (b. and d. 1910). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

95. Valeryan Nikolaevich Nagornov(72), (p. 19. IV. 1873).

Married since 8. I. 1899 to Elizaveta Nikolaevna Zhikhareva (p. 7. V. 1881). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

96. Elizaveta Nikolaevna Nagornova(72), (b. 25. III. 1875).

Married since 1897 to Lev Nikolaevich Krasnokutsky (b. 1875). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

97. Boris Nikolaevich Nagornov(72), (p. 2. V. 1877, shot himself in the summer of 1899). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

98. Tatyana Nikolaevna Nagornova(72), (b. 15. IV. 1879).

Married with first marriage since 16. II. 1897 for Grigory Emmanuilovich Volkenstein (p. 30. IX. 1875), with whom she parted ways in XII. 1902, and second marriage to XII. 1902 for Nikolai Ivanovich Rodnensky (p. 31. X. 1876). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

99. Anna Nikolaevna Nagornova(72), (p. 20. VI. 1881).

Married to Ivan Semyonovich Volodichev. Great-niece of Tolstoy.

100. Nikolai Nikolaevich Nagornoye(72), (p. 18. IV. 1884). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

101. Sergei Nikolaevich Nagornov(72), 30. IV. 1895, mind. 1921. Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

102. Nikolay Leonidovich Obolensky(74), (b. 28. XI. 1872, d. 1934). Married first marriage with 2. VI. 1897 on gr. Marya Lvovna Tolstoy (b. 12. II. 1871, d. 27. XI. 1906), daughter of L. N. Tolstoy; second marriage with I. 1908 to Natalya Mikhailovna Sukhotina (b. 16. I. 1882, d. 11. XI. 1925). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

103. Maria Leonidovna Obolenskaya(74), (b. 28.IV. 1874).

Married since 30. VI. 1893 for Nikolai Alekseevich Maklakov (b. 1871, d. 26. VIII. 1918), who was in 1912-1915. minister of the interior. Great-niece of Tolstoy.

104. Alexandra Leonidovna Obolenskaya(74), (p. 18. II. 1876).

Married on 19. X. 1895 to Ivan Mikhailovich Dolinin-Ivansky (b. . 1869). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

105. Mikhail Leonidovich Obolensky(74), (p. 22. VII. 1877).

Married since 29. IV. 1911 on kzh. Anna Alexandrovna Urusova. Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

106. Georgy Leonidovich Obolensky(74), (b. 24. II. 1880, d. 17. VIII. 1926).

First marriage with IV. 1905 married to Nina Sergeevna Zhekulina, with whom he divorced, his second marriage - to Vera Vladimirovna Nemchinova. Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

107. Natalya Leonidovna Obolenskaya(74), (b. 10. VIII. 1881).

Married since 16. II. 1905 for Khrisanf Nikolaevich Abrikosov (b. 7. I. 1877). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

108. Vera Leonidovna Obolenskaya(74), (p. 16. VII. 1886, d. 7. VII. 1890). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

109. Onisim Ivanovich Denisenko(75), (p. 25. V. 1894, d. 12. II. 1918). Great-nephew of Tolstoy.

110. Tatyana Ivanovna Denisenko(75), (p. 14. IV. 1897).

Married with IX. 1918 first marriage to Nikolai Ivanovich Antipas (b. 1899), with whom she divorced, and second marriage to I. 1923 to Evgeny Nikolaevich Dobrovolsky (b. 1900). Great-niece of Tolstoy.

Footnotes

1321 See Art. B. L. Modzalevsky “The family of Count L. N. Tolstoy” (“Tolstoy. Monuments of creativity and life”, book I, 1917, pp. 163-164).

1322. In the Tolstoy family, March 1 was considered a birthday, which is why the entry in the register of births (now kept in the Tolstoy Museum in Moscow) about the birth of Maria Nikolaevna on March 7 must be considered incorrect.

Class: 11

Presentation for the lesson













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Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested this work please download the full version.

Class: 11.

Target: To create conditions for the formation of students' ideas about human genetics based on the study of his pedigree using the Base DBMS.

Tasks:

Educational:

  1. To update students' knowledge about database objects.
  2. To form an idea among students about the genealogical method of studying human genetics.
  3. Apply the ability of students to use the capabilities of the Base DBMS to solve the task (creating a table based on the pedigree, creating queries) and assess the level of the acquired skills.

Developing:

  1. Continue developing skills in working in the Base DBMS when creating tables and queries.
  2. Development of the ability to use knowledge of related disciplines: biology, literature, history.
  3. The development of logical thinking, visual-figurative thinking, attention, memory.
  4. Continue developing general academic skills (reading, writing, computer technology).

Educational:

  1. Formation of students' ability to work independently (when performing practical tasks).
  2. Education of accuracy, discipline (through compliance with safety regulations in the computer science office).
  3. Formation of informational thinking when referring to this topic through consideration of the role of ICT and computer technology in the study of the development of society.

Teaching and methodological teaching aids:

  • Ugrinovich N.D. Informatics and ICT. Basic level: textbook for grade 11. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Lab, 2009.
  • Teacher's computer.
  • Multimedia projector.
  • Students' computers.
  • DBMS OpenOffice.org Base.
  • Presentation.
  • Handout.

Lesson type: a lesson in the application of knowledge.

Techniques used during the various stages of the lesson:

  • Presentation of new material in the process of explanation.
  • Display of materials on the history of genealogy.
  • Use of visibility (presentation, structural logic diagrams, documentary and literary primary sources).
  • Analysis and guidelines for compiling pedigrees.
  • Visual responses.
Stage Time Teaching methods Forms of work Teacher activity Student activities
1. Organizing time 1 Greeting, checking attendance Responsiveness
2. Preparatory: a) motivational; b) updating 3 verbal Teamwork Statement of the problem of the lesson Formulate the topic of the lesson
3. Learning new material (Presentation) 7 Explanatory-illustrative Front work Explains the classification of pedigrees. Listen to the teacher's explanation
4. Practical application of knowledge 5 Partial search Independent work Gives guidelines for compiling a pedigree Doing assignments in notebooks
5. Wellness moment 1 Physical exercise Teamwork "Fiz/minute" Perform exercises to relieve visual and postostatic fatigue
6. Practical part 20 Practical Independent work Counsels individual students. Create a database "Pedigree L.N. Tolstoy"
7. Summing up 4 verbal Front work Checks and evaluates student performance practical work Show the results of the work in the form of queries in the Base program on the computer
8. Reflection 3 verbal Front work Conducts reflection Answer the questions of reflection in writing (questionnaire).
9. D/Z 1 verbal Collective Sets D/Z Record D/Z

During the classes

Every person, regardless of age, strives to know who his ancestors were. Having received this knowledge from parents, from family archives or from other sources of information, people tried to pass on family values, family ties from generation to generation.

To study family ties, the history of families, estates, generations, the science of genealogy is engaged. (See Presentation)

Genealogy or genealogy (other Greek γενεαλογία - genealogy, from γενεά (genea) - "family" and λόγος (logos) - "word, knowledge") - a systematic collection of information about the origin, succession and relationship of surnames and genera; in a broader sense - the science of family ties in general.

Genealogy is an auxiliary historical discipline (applied historical discipline) and is engaged in the study of family relationships of people, the history of childbirth, the origin of individuals, the establishment of family ties, the compilation of generational paintings and family trees. Genealogy is linked to heraldry, diplomacy and many other historical disciplines.

The family relationships presented in the form of a genealogical tree are most clearly and understandably presented.

Pedigree, or genealogical tree - a schematic representation of family ties, a family tree painting in the form of a conditionally symbolic "tree", at the "roots" of which the ancestor is indicated, on the "trunk" - representatives of the main (by seniority) line of the genus, and on the "branches" - various lines of genealogy, his known descendants are "leaves" (this example illustrates the tree of "descending genealogy", which are the most common); but often, if it, the painting, is not stylized in the form of a real tree, which was very common in the past, this scheme, for ease of perception and formation, presents the family tree in an inverted form, when the ancestor is located at the top of the table. A genealogical or family tree is also called the representation of ascending or descending genealogies and genealogical tables in general - all this is done by genealogy (genealogy), in the article about which there are examples.

Today we will talk about the genealogy of the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. For the most complete consideration of this issue, we need your knowledge from the field of history, literature, biology. Information technology will help us in this.

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Count, Russian writer. What was the origin of this famous person? (See Appendix 1).

He came from a noble family, known since 1351. His paternal ancestor, Count Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy, is known for his role in the investigation of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, for which he was appointed head of the Secret Chancellery. The features of the great-grandson of Peter Andreevich, Ilya Andreevich, are given in War and Peace to the most good-natured, impractical old Count Rostov. The son of Ilya Andreevich, Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1794-1837), was the father of Lev Nikolaevich. In some character traits and biography facts, he was similar to Nikolenka's father in "Childhood" and "Boyhood" and partly to Nikolai Rostov in "War and Peace". However, in real life Nikolai Ilyich differed from Nikolai Rostov not only in his good education, but also in his convictions, which did not allow him to serve under Nikolai. A participant in the foreign campaign of the Russian army against Napoleon, including participating in the "battle of the peoples" near Leipzig and was captured by the French, but was able to escape, after the conclusion of peace, he retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel of the Pavlograd Hussar Regiment. Soon after his resignation, he was forced to go to official service so as not to end up in a debtor's prison because of the debts of his father, the Kazan governor, who died under investigation for official abuse. The negative example of his father helped Nikolai Ilyich work out his life ideal - a private independent life with family joys. To put his frustrated affairs in order, Nikolai Ilyich, like Nikolai Rostov, married a no longer very young princess from the Volkonsky family; the marriage was happy. They had four sons: Nikolay, Sergey, Dmitry, Leo and daughter Maria.

Tolstoy's maternal grandfather, Catherine's general, Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky, had some resemblance to the stern rigorist - the old prince Bolkonsky in War and Peace. Lev Nikolayevich's mother, similar in some respects to Princess Marya depicted in War and Peace, possessed a remarkable gift for storytelling.

In addition to the Volkonskys, Leo Tolstoy was closely related to some other aristocratic families: the princes Gorchakov, Trubetskoy and others.

From which of the relatives did Lev Nikolaevich inherit literary inclinations?

Which of the writer's relatives became the prototype of literary characters?

How did they address a person of the highest class - a count, a prince?

Who is more in the Tolstoy family - princes or counts (on the side of the father, on the side of the mother)?

The main question: Is Tolstoy's genius an accident or a genealogical pattern?

To answer these questions, one should once again refer to the reference literature presented in Appendices 1-6.

In order to systematize this information, you can use information technology tools, or rather, the Base DBMS.

Task for practical work on computers: to compile the Database “Pedigree of L.N. Tolstoy".

  1. Enter data from Applications into a table with the following fields:
    • Surname
    • Surname
    • Year of birth
    • Year of death
    • Relationship with the writer
    • Line (mother, father)
    • estate
    • Literary ability
    • Similarity to literary characters.
  2. Provide for the use of different types of data and fields (text, boolean, etc.)
  3. Make requests and answer questions (See Appendix 7).

As a result of the use of information technology for completing tasks in the Open Office org. Base, we need to get answers to questions.

Thus, using interdisciplinary connections - history, literature, genetics, computer science, the productivity of some information processing processes, the speed and quality of task completion and obtaining high-quality results increase.

So, having examined the family tree of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, having learned his origin, we answered the question "Tolstoy's genius is an accident or a genealogical pattern."

Reflection

Students are asked to answer the following questions:

  1. Through my work in class, I:
    • Satisfied
    • Not quite happy
    • I'm not happy because...
  2. The lesson material for me was:
    • Useful
    • Useless
  3. The lesson material for me was:
    • Easy
    • Difficult
  4. My mood:
    • Got better
    • It got worse
    • Hasn't changed
  5. The most difficult for me was:
  6. I would like to know more about:

Homework: Draw up a pedigree chart of your family in electronic form and make your requests.

List of used Web resources:

  • www.ln-tolstoi.org/
  • tolstoy.ru/life/family/family-tree/
  • tolstoys.ru/
  • www.levtolstoy.org.ru/

great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, journalist

Although many modern Tolstoys live abroad (they emigrated after the revolution), they remained at the “block of domestic literature» descendants in our country. For example, Pyotr Tolstoy, whose father returned from exile in 1944 with his brother. Thanks to his family, Peter knew about his great-great-grandfather from childhood: he repeatedly visited Yasnaya Polyana, got to know family relics closely. This representative of the Tolstoy family is a very famous Russian journalist and TV presenter who has been working on Channel One for many years. Now he hosts the programs "Politics" and "Time will show." About the famous great-great-grandfather in an interview, Peter said this:

Tolstoy remained honest with himself, always remained so, even when he was mistaken

Fekla Tolstaya

great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, journalist

Second cousin of Peter Tolstoy and also a very famous Russian journalist. The real name is Anna, but they know her mainly under the name Thekla - a childhood nickname, which later turned into a pseudonym. Tolstaya was born into a family of philologists and followed in the footsteps of her parents: she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University, speaks five languages. However, already in childhood, she was drawn to television: as a schoolgirl, Fekla began acting in minor roles in the cinema, and in 1995 she entered GITIS at the directing department. Behind Fekla's back are many projects on radio and television, including author's programs about his own family tree "Tolstoy", as well as "War and Peace": Reading a novel. In a conversation with MK Bulvar, the journalist happily spoke about the advantages of her huge family, whose members are scattered all over the world:

If you have relatives in another country, you understand it completely differently. I can explore, for example, Rome with my beautiful niece, who, like a Roman, shows me places that I have loved since childhood - and this is an incomparable feeling. The same can be said about my relatives in Paris or New York. I get into the family, talk to their friends

Andrey Tolstoy

great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, reindeer breeder

Another descendant representing the Swedish branch of the family, Andrey Tolstoy, is a simple farmer who has been breeding deer for many years. He achieved great success: Andrei is one of the most famous reindeer herders in Scandinavia. He admitted that he could not read "War and Peace" at school. However, then he still mastered the four-volume book. A few years ago, Andrei visited Russia for the first time.

Vladimir Tolstoy

great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, adviser to the President of Russia

Vladimir Ilyich is a man without whom there would be no meetings of Tolstoy's descendants (which are held regularly today), and the fate of Leo Tolstoy's estate Yasnaya Polyana would remain in jeopardy. In the early 90s, they wanted to take away the lands of the estate for new buildings, they cut down forests ... But in 1992 Vladimir Ilyich published in “ Komsomolskaya Pravda» great material about all the troubles. Soon he was appointed director of the museum-reserve. Now Tolstoy is an adviser to the president Russian Federation, and his wife Ekaterina Tolstaya is in charge of the museum. Vladimir confessed to the Tula newspaper Molodoy Kommunar, speaking of his relatives:

Each of us has his own personality, each of us has his own view of the world. And everyone is talented in their own way. Fat people can do everything: they take pictures, draw, write. And at the same time they are embarrassed by their talents: modesty is another family quality ...

Victoria Tolstoy

great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, jazz singer

Yes, yes, she is Tolstoy, not Tolstaya: the Swede Victoria decided not to incline her last name, but to make it more “authentic”. How did the Swedish line of the Tolstoy family appear? The son of Lev Nikolaevich - Lev Lvovich, was forced for health reasons to turn to the Swedish doctor Westerlund. And then he fell in love with his daughter Dora ... The modern representative of this family branch, singer Victoria, is better known in her homeland under the pseudonym "Lady Jazz". By her own admission, Victoria does not know the Russian language and has not read the novels of Lev Nikolaevich, but in her work she often turns to classical Russian composers. At the moment, the blonde has already 8 albums on her account, one of which is called My Russian Soul (“My Russian Soul”). Victoria told JazzQuard:

When I was in Moscow a few years ago, I visited the Tolstoy House Museum. I remember I saw a portrait of a lady from the Tolstoy family there and was amazed at how similar this young woman from past centuries was to me! Then for the first time I really felt my involvement in the Tolstoy family: how much connects and unites us at the deepest genetic level!

Ilaria Stieler-Timor

great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, teacher of Italian

Pedigree of Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) PEDIGREE OF LEV Nikolaevich
TOLSTOY (1828-1910)
Lev Nikolaevich
Nikolai Ilyich
Count Tolstoy
1794-1837
Pelageya Nikolaevna
Princess Gorchakova
1762-1838
Ilya Andreevich
Count Tolstoy
1757-1820
Alexandra
Ivanovna
princess
Shchetinina
1727-1811
Andrei
Ivanovich
graph
Tolstoy
1721-1803
Praskovya
Mikhailovna
Rtishcheva
1693-1748
Nicholas
Ivanovich
prince
Gorchakov
1725-1811
Ivan Petrovich
Count Tolstoy
1685-1728
Maria Nikolaevna
Princess Volkonskaya
1790-1830
Nikolai Sergeevich
Prince Volkonsky
1753-1821
Ekaterina
Alexandrovna
Lukin
Sergey
Fedorovich
prince
Volkonsky
1715-1784
Fedor
Mikhailovich
prince
Volkonsky
Maria
Dmitrievna
Chaadaeva
Anastasia
Afanasievna
princess
Sontsova-Zasekina
Ekaterina Dmitrievna
Princess Trubetskaya
1749-1799
Dmitry
yurevich
prince
Trubetskoy
1724-1792
Yuri
yurevich
prince
Trubetskoy
1668-1739
barbarian
Ivanovna
princess
Odoevskaya
Olga
Ivanovna
Golovin
1704

Coat of arms of the Tolstoy family

EMBLEM OF THE TOLSTYCH family
The coat of arms of the Tolstoy nobles is common to all
descendants of Indris. In a shield with
blue field, golden
saber and silver arrow, threaded
pointed crosswise through
golden key ring and above the key with
silver is visible on the right side
open wing. Namet on the shield
blue, lined with gold. Coat of arms introduced
in the General armorial of noble families
Russian Empire,

Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Lukina

EKATERINA
ALEXANDROVNA
LUKINA
Paternal great-grandmother of Leo Tolstoy, wife of Nikolai
Ivanovich Gorchakov.

Yuri Yurievich Trubetskoy

YURI YURIEVICH TRUBETSKOY
(1724-1792)
The second son of the boyar Yu. P. Trubetskoy, nephew
"Great Golitsyn". Started court service
room steward of the tsars Fedor Alekseevich and Peter
I. Later he joined the amusing army of Peter, under Kozhukhovsky
maneuvers (1694) was already the captain of Preobrazhensky
a shelf.
During the 18-year stay in Swedish captivity
older brother Ivan Yuryevich (later General Field Marshal), the inconspicuous Prince Yuri walked along
military service through a series of steps and was promoted to
March 1719 to foreman. The family chronicle says
that he distinguished himself during the capture of Derbent by the Russians in 1722
year. Participated in the construction of the Petropavlovsk
fortresses; Trubetskoy bastion is named after him.
In 1720 he was appointed president of the Magistrate - the highest
city ​​government in Russia. Catherine I
granted him the rank of lieutenant general. In 1727
put in charge of the newly formed Belgorod
province.
After the accession to the throne of Anna Ioannovna, the prince
Trubetskoy was appointed senator (March 4, 1730) and
after that he was granted to the real secret
advisers (April 28 of the same year). Died in 1739
buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Olga Ivanovna Golovina

OLGA IVANOVNA
HEAD
(1704-????)
?
Leo Tolstoy's great-grandmother, sister
great-grandmother of Alexander Pushkin,
Evdokia Ivanovna Golovina, Yuri's wife
Yurievich Trubetskoy.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Volkonsky

FYODOR MIKHAILOVICH
VOLKONSKY
(????-1747)
Prince Fyodor Mikhailovich Volkonsky - close
roundabout and racketmeister from the Volkonsky family. Prince's son
Mikhail Andreevich.
He was granted a room steward on December 24, 1692. By
Spiridov, was in the Azov campaign of 1696, and in what
positions, not mentioned. January 16, 1721 granted to
devious; in 1727, on January 28, he was appointed racketmaster.
He was married by his first marriage to Ekaterina Matveevna
Eropkina, and the second marriage to Princess Anastasia
Afanasievna Solntseva-Zasekina; had a prince's son
Semyon Fedorovich.
According to the dacha of 1705 for the room steward Prince Fedor
Mikhailovich Volkonsky consisted of estates in Klinskoye,
Ryazan and Pereyaslav counties.
?

Anastasia Afanasievna Sontsova-Zasekina

ANASTASIA AFANASIEVNA
SONTSOVA-ZASEKINA
(????-????)
?
Great-great-grandmother of Leo Tolstoy, wife of Fyodor
Mikhailovich Volkonsky.
Comes from the Sontsov-Zasekin family - a branch of the princes Zasekin.
Its founder was Dmitry Ivanovich Sontse Zasekin.

Sergei Fyodorovich Volkonsky

SERGEY FYODOROVICH
VOLKONSKY
Volkonsky, Sergei Fedorovich (1715-
1784) - major general, first
owner of Yasnaya Polyana.

Maria Dmitrievna Chaadaeva

MARIA DMITRIEVNA
CHAADAEV (???-1775)
?
Maternal great-grandmother of Leo Tolstoy,
wife of Sergei Fyodorovich Volkonsky.

10. Dmitry Yurievich Trubetskoy

DMITRY YURIEVICH TRUBETSKOY
Prince Dmitry Yurievich Trubetskoy (c. 1724-1792) -
guard captain-lieutenant from the Trubetskoy family, rich
Moscow gentleman of the Catherine era, builder of the estate
Znamenskoye-Sadki, the ancestor of the younger branch
Trubetskoy ("Trubetskoy-Komod"). Great-grandfather of Leo Tolstoy.
Born in the family of Prince Yuri Yuryevich Trubetskoy and his
second wife Olga, daughter of Admiral I. M. Golovin. By
mother was a cousin of L. A. Pushkin -
poet's grandfather. Inherited a piece of land from relatives
The Kremlin, which was bought by the treasury for the construction of the Senate,
and suburban estates Neskuchnoye and Znamenskoye. In more
remote Moscow region owned the Prokhorovo estate.
Upon completion of the construction of the palace in Znamenskoye, he received
on June 23, 1787, returning from the Tauride voyage
Catherine II with grandchildren. The estate has preserved a built
by his order, a two-height hall with a painted ceiling and
lavish stucco decoration. In 1772 he bought
newly built "house-dresser" on Pokrovka and right there
set about modifying it. He was known as an amateur musician (he played the cello). His castle theater
was popular in Moscow.

11. Varvara Ivanovna Odessa

VARVARA IVANOVNA
ODESSA
(????-????)
Wife of Dmitry Yurievich Trubetskoy,
great-grandmother of Leo Tolstoy.

12. Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya

MARIA NIKOLAEVNA
VOLKONSKAYA
Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, married Countess Tolstaya (10
November 1790 - August 4, 1830) - the mother of Leo Tolstoy.
Born in Yasnaya Polyana, the Volkonsky family estate, in a family
General Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky and his wife Ekaterina
Dmitrievna. To her mother's father, Prince D. Yu. Trubetskoy,
belonged to the luxurious palace on Pokrovka. After an early death
mother (in 1792) was brought up in the family of her brother, Prince Ivan
Trubetskoy, until in 1799 Nikolai Sergeevich went to
retired and did not settle with his daughter in Yasnaya Polyana.
Under the guidance of a strict father, Princess Marya received a good
home education. She played the clavichord and harp very well,
knew five languages, studied Russian literature, music, history
arts, mathematics, physics, geography, logic, general
history, natural sciences.
The external closeness of Maria Nikolaevna and her caustic disposition
father was scared away from the family of potential suitors, and the princess, by the age of 30
almost resigned herself to the fate of an old maid for years. She possessed
large facial features that Leo Tolstoy inherited, and, according to
in his opinion, was "not good-looking."
Although Lev Nikolaevich did not remember his mother, he idolized her,
studied her diaries in detail. According to his wife,
Tolstoy spent every morning in the lower garden of Yasnaya Polyana - there,
where Maria Nikolaevna often rested and there were many trees
planted by herself. The bright image of the mother is reflected in the story
Tolstoy "Childhood". In many ways, Tolstoy's mother became a prototype
Princess Marya Bolkonskaya from the novel War and Peace.

13. Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky

NIKOLAI SERGEEVICH
VOLKONSKY
Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky (March 30, 1753 - 3
February 1821) - infantry general from the family
Volkonskikh, grandfather of Leo Tolstoy. prototype
old Prince Bolkonsky from the novel "War and Peace".
Son of Major General Prince Sergei Fedorovich Volkonsky
(1715-1784) and Maria Dmitrievna, nee. Chaadaeva (d.
1775). Married to Ekaterina Dmitrievna (1749-99), daughter
Prince D. Yu. Trubetskoy, granddaughter of Prince I. V. Odoevsky,
one of the favorites of Elizabeth Petrovna.
In marriage, the only daughter was born - Princess Maria
Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, married Countess Tolstaya
(1790-1830) - mother of Leo Tolstoy, prototype of Princess Marya
in War and Peace.
The old Prince Volkonsky owned the Yasnaya Polyana estate,
which passed as a dowry to the daughter of Mary,
when she married Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy.

14. Ekaterina Dmitrievna Trubetskaya

EKATERINA
DMITRIEVNA
TRUBETSKAYA
(1749-1799)
Ekaterina Dmitrievna - the youngest daughter
Prince Dmitry Yurievich Trubetskoy
wife of General Prince Nicholas
Sergeevich Volkonsky, they have a daughter
Maria is the mother of Leo Tolstoy.
The Trubetskoy family belonged to
ancient Russian aristocracy,
famous for its liberalism and
broad cultural interests. At
Volkonsky had two daughters: Varenka,
who died in childhood, and Maria. Ekaterina
Dmitrievna died when her
Mary's daughter was barely two
of the year.

15. Praskovya Mikhailovna Rtishcheva

PRASKOVIA MIKHAILOVNA
RTISCHEVA
(1690-1748)
?
Great-great-grandmother of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy
paternal line, wife of Ivan Petrovich Tolstoy.

16. Leo Tolstoy

LEV TOLSTOY
Outstanding Russian prose writer, playwright and public
figure. Born August 28 (September 9), 1828 in
estate Yasnaya Polyana Tula region. maternal
line the writer belonged to the eminent family of princes
Volkonsky, and on his father's side - to the old family of counts
Tolstykh. Great-great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather and father of Leo Tolstoy were
the military. Representatives of the ancient family of Tolstoy still under
Ivan the Terrible served as governors in many cities of Russia.
The writer's childhood passed in Yasnaya Polyana - an old
family estate. Tolstoy's interest in history and literature
originated in childhood: living in the village, he saw how
the life of the working people flowed, from him he heard
a bunch of folk tales, epics, songs, legends. A life
people, their work, interests and views, oral creativity -
everything alive and wise - Yasnaya Polyana revealed Tolstoy.
Youth. Young Tolstoy saw not only the open side
big city life, but also some hidden, shady
sides. With his first stay in Moscow, the writer
connected the end of the earliest pore of his life,
childhood, and the transition to adolescence.

17. Leo Tolstoy

LEV TOLSTOY
The first period of Tolstoy's life in Moscow continued
not for long. In the summer of 1837, having gone on business to Tula,
his father died suddenly. Shortly after death
father Tolstoy with his sister and brothers had to endure
new misfortune: the grandmother died, whom all those close
considered the head of the family. The sudden death of her son became for her
with a terrible blow and less than a year later carried her to the grave.
A few years later, the first guardian of the orphans died
children of Tolstoy, father's sister, Alexandra Ilyinichna OstenSaken. Ten-year-old Leo, his three brothers and sister
were taken to Kazan, where their new guardian lived - aunt
Pelageya Ilyinichna Yushkova.
Tolstoy lived in Kazan for more than six years. It was time
formation of his character and choice of life path.
Living with his brothers and sister at Pelageya Ilyinichna, young
Tolstoy spent two years preparing to enter the Kazan
university. Deciding to enter the eastern branch
University, Special attention he devoted himself to preparing for
exams in foreign languages. In exams for
mathematics and Russian literature Tolstoy received
fours, and in foreign languages ​​- fives. On exams
in history and geography, Lev Nikolaevich failed
He got failing grades.
Failure in the entrance exams served to
Tolstoy is a serious lesson. He spent the whole summer
a thorough study of history and geography,
passed additional exams on them and in September
1844 was enrolled in the first course of the eastern
departments of the Faculty of Philosophy of the Kazan
university in the category of Arabic-Turkish
literature. However, the study of languages ​​was not carried away
Tolstoy, and after summer holidays in Yasnaya Polyana he
transferred from the Oriental Faculty to the Faculty of Law.
But in the future, university classes are not
aroused Lev Nikolayevich's interest in the studied
sciences. Most of the time he's on his own
studied philosophy, compiled the "Rules
life" and carefully wrote in his diary. To
end of the third year of studies Tolstoy
finally convinced that the
university order only interfered
independent creative work and he accepted
decision to leave the university. However
he needed a university degree to
obtain the right to enter the service. And to
get a diploma, Tolstoy survived
university exams as an external student, spending on
preparation for them two years of life in the village. Having received
at the end of April 1847 in the office
university documents, former student
Tolstoy left Kazan.

18. Ivan Petrovich Tolstoy

IVAN PETROVICH
TOLSTOY
Ivan Petrovich was born in 1685 in
Moscow in the family of Peter Andreevich
Tolstoy and Solomonida Timofeevna
Dubrovskaya, granddaughter of Bogdan Minich
Dubrovsky. In 1702 he accompanied
father on a diplomatic trip to
Constantinople. Subsequently served
captain in the guard. In a number
compilations there are reports (apparently erroneous) that he
headed the patrimonial board.

19. Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy

NIKOLAI ILYICH TOLSTOY
Only adult son
Count Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy, Kazan
Governor, and his wife Pelageya Nikolaevna. From 6
years, was enlisted in the civil service. K 16
For years he held the rank of collegiate registrar. At 17
years, transferred to military service.
He retired in 1824 with the rank of colonel.
Having spent his youth merrily, he lost huge
money and completely upset his affairs. N.I.
Tolstoy is depicted quite close to
reality in War and Peace, where he
served as the prototype for Nikolai Ilyich Rostov. AT
Lev Nikolaevich writes in his memoirs that
father were "sanguine red neck", "vigorous
quick step", "cheerful, gentle voice", "kind,
beautiful eyes", "graceful, courageous
movement."

20. Pelageya Nikolaevna Gorchakova

PELAGEIA NIKOLAEVNA
GORCHAKOV
Wealthy heiress of the village
Nikolskoye-Vyazemskoye, - married
"a hopeless old maid." By
according to Leo Tolstoy, "she was
narrow-minded, poorly educated, like everyone else
then, knew French better than
in Russian (and this was limited to her
education), and very spoiled.”
Shown close enough to
original in Tolstoy's stories
"Childhood" and "Adolescence". Married
had four children.

21. Alexandra Ivanovna Shchetinina

ALEXANDRA
IVANOVNA SHCHETININA
(1727-1811)
Princess Alexandra Ivanovna Shchetinina
married Count Andrew
Ivanovich Tolstoy (1721 - 1803),
grandson of Petrine associate Peter
Andreevich. Her grandson - Count Fedor
Petrovich Tolstoy (1783 - 1873), vice-president of the Academy of Arts,
excellent draftsman
(graphic works and watercolors) and
medalist.
Another great-grandson of Princess Shchetinina
was Count Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy.

22. Andrei Ivanovich Tolstoy

ANDREI IVANOVICH TOLSTOY
Born in the family of Ivan Petrovich Tolstoy,
the eldest son of P. A. Tolstoy, an associate of Peter I.
Mother Praskovya Mikhailovna - granddaughter
niece of the benefactor F. M. Rtishchev. Through
seven years after the birth of Andrei, his father and grandfather
fell into disgrace and were exiled to Solovki, where
soon died.
Andrei Ivanovich began serving in the army at the age of 18 as an ordinary soldier. Participated in
war with the Swedes. In 1754-59. was in
Kazan garrison, in 1761-64 voivodship in
Sviyazhsk. Took part in the work of the Legislative
commission as a representative of the Suzdal
nobility.
During the reign of Catherine II, he moved to live in
Moscow, where he headed the city magistrate.
He ended his career as vice president of the Moscow
Palace Reserve Office. Retired
with the rank of real state councillor.

23. Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy

ILYA ANDREEVICH
TOLSTOY
Son of A. I. Tolstoy, brother of F. A. Tolstoy. Studied at Marine
Corps, but his education was extremely superficial,
so in official documents he signed
"brigadier" instead of "brigadier". Leo Tolstoy considered his
ancestor a stupid man, prone to scams and
projecting. The features of Ilya Andreevich are given in "War and
world" to the most good-natured, impractical old Count
Rostov.
He served as a midshipman in the Navy, later transferred to
Life Guards, in the Preobrazhensky Regiment. After marrying in
1791 on a rich heiress could afford to go to
resignation, which he did two years later with the rank of brigadier. In
during the Napoleonic wars was among the elders
English club. The Tolstoys owned estates in
Tula province (about 1200 souls) and Moscow
apart in Krivoy Lane, between Tverskaya and Nikitskaya,
but preferred to live in Polyany, a vast estate in
Belevsky district, where the local nobility chose Ilya
Andreevich as a judge of a conscientious court. In 1803-10. he kept
wine leases in the Kaluga and Oryol provinces and for
started deliveries of alcohol on his estates three distilleries
factory.

24. Nikolai Ivanovich Gorchakov

NIKOLAY IVANOVICH
GORCHAKOV
(1725 – 1811)
Paternal great-grandfather of Leo Tolstoy,
husband of Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Lukina.