Good and evil in Russian folk tales»

Good is the light, the sunny side, everything that is connected with justice, love, sincerity, honor and conscience.

Evil is the dark side, where deceit and cruelty, selfishness and betrayal rule, where there is no compassion and love.

Even in ancient times, our ancestors invented fairy tales: for adults to have fun and for children to teach. They talked about the struggle between good and evil. I like to read Russian folk tales about magic, and as a rule I like the fact that good always triumphs over evil. The main characters of the good side in Russian fairy tales are usually the brave warriors Ivan Tsarevich, Andrei the Shooter, Ivan the Fool, Ivan the peasant son, Alyonushka, Vasilisa the Beautiful, Marya the Magician and many others.

The evil heroes also have a large army. This is the terrible Baba Yaga in a mortar, Koschey the Immortal, the Serpent Gorynych with three heads, Famously one-eyed, all kinds of evil spirits.

Evil heroes of fairy tales have an unpleasant appearance, have a terrible character and bad habits.

And good characters have a pleasant appearance, affectionate character and good manners.

At first glance, evil seems invincible, because the heroes of fairy tales are very strong, cunning and have witchcraft. But good will still triumph over evil!

Good heroes in Russian fairy tales win not only because of their strength and courage.

After all, there are situations when power is useless against Koshchei the Immortal: you can’t just defeat him like that. Goodies use ingenuity and intelligence, dexterity in the fight against evil.

The heroes of Russian folk tales have a real kind heart and soul, they pity others and help them. Sometimes even wild animals and birds, rodents take sides good heroes. For example, how the Gray Wolf served Ivan Tsarevich. Or how a duck, a hare and a cancer helped Koshcheev find death in a needle and save Vasilisa, a little gray mouse Mashenka to escape from a bear, and Nastenka to escape from Baba Yaga.

Reading fairy tales, you can take an example from the actions of positive characters, strive in something, be like them. Probably, this is how the Russian people showed their people what is good and what is bad.

We must always remember that everything that we give to others will sooner or later come back!

Consultation for parents on the topic "Good and evil in Russian folk tales"

good and evil

in Russian folk

Primary school teacher

GBOU "Special (correctional)

school No. 3 of the VIII type "

Islands of the Pskov region. Shchedrina L.A.

Fairy tale - element of oral folk art. The reason for the appearance of fairy tales was the Mongol-Tatar invasion of Russia. The favorite heroes of fairy tales among the inhabitants of Russia were: Ivan Tsarevich, Ivan the Fool. The evil heroes were the reincarnated busurmans: Baba Yaga (in Tatar "Babai - aga" - a wise old man), Koschey the Immortal (possibly a Tatar - Mongol Khan) and the Serpent Gorynych (a countless Tatar army). The story usually had a happy ending.

How good is there on earth

These stories are wonderful!

Take a story, read it together

And let's sing about it!

May fairy tales live forever

Let them give people

magic, justice,

Beauty and goodness!

“A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, a lesson for good fellows!” A.S. Pushkin

In fairy tales, good always triumphs over evil. Kindness is always rewarded for its deeds. A fairy tale is an incredible land of fantasy and wonder, which teaches a person to be kind, sympathetic, honest and decent. A fairy tale helps us to believe in ourselves and our strengths, helps us overcome difficulties, cultivate fortitude and courage in ourselves. Gives hope, and sometimes even helps to make the right decision in a difficult life situation.

What is good?

Good is joy, happiness, good

deeds and good feelings.

It gives people courage

self-confidence.

Good color.

White color– the color of purity, light. Blue, blue color– the color of the sky, water, an integral part of life. Red color– the color of truth, the fight against evil. Green and yellow color– the color of hope and joy.

good forces in Russian folk tales, these are, most likely, positive heroes and animals that embody the images and characters of people. They live in a special fairy-tale world.

heroes, personifying good forces fairy tales, live in a family, in fairy forest, in green meadows, in a beautiful country, in a special fairy-tale world, in a certain kingdom, in a certain state.

The heroes of Russian folk tales are endowed with kindness and beauty: Ivanushka the Fool, Ivan Tsarevich, Emelya, Vasilisa the Wise, Elena the Beautiful and others. Such is Ivanushka - the fool. Everyone laughs at this hero, older brothers openly mock him. But, Ivanushka, the fool, copes better with his father's instructions than the brothers, because he has responsibility for the assigned work. He is observant, endowed with ingenuity and courage. And therefore, as a reward, he receives a beautiful princess and half a kingdom in addition. Ivan Tsarevich was also portrayed by the people as smart and courageous, kind and sympathetic. Therefore, the forces of nature come to his aid, allowing him to cope with the difficult tasks that have arisen on his way.

Female images in fairy tales are endowed with incredible beauty, which "neither in a fairy tale can be said, nor described with a pen." This is Vasilisa the Wise, Elena the Beautiful, Alyonushka. They are wise and hardworking, caring and kind. Therefore, smart, brave and wonderful heroes always come to their rescue.

Good helpers.

Courage, modesty, mercy, conscience, honesty, tact, justice, endurance, calmness.

What is evil?

Evil is always the opposite of good. This means intentional, intentional, conscious infliction of harm, damage, suffering to someone.

Black color - the color of evil forces. It is no coincidence that evil witches are dressed in black, have black hair. No less sinister dark green color . This is the color of all evil spirits.

The color of evil.

Creatures personifying evil, diverse evil spirits, live in dense forests, in dungeons, burrows and caves. After all, there is a realm of evil. They have no support on earth, so they are always defeated.

Evil in fairy tales is always depicted as terrible, ugly. It first has incredible power. But the courage and intelligence of the heroes help to defeat him in an unequal struggle.

Koschey the Immortal, Baba Yaga, Serpent Gorynych - most often these heroes are the embodiment of evil. Although sometimes Baba Yaga turns out to be an assistant to the protagonist.

Helpers of Evil.

Boastfulness, cruelty, cowardice, envy, greed, anger, talkativeness, cunning, tactlessness, deceit, selfishness, aggressiveness.

A good person is not one who knows how to do good, but one who does not know how to do evil.

(Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky - a prominent Russian historian of the late 19th - early 20th centuries)

Don't stop doing good!(A. Chekhov)

The good that you do from the heart, you always do to yourself.(L. Tolstoy)

Good by decree is not good.(I. Turgenev)

Wise thoughts about good and evil.

Being kind does not mean forgiving everything. To be kind means to fight the bad. Hurry to do good, and do not wait for others to do it for you. As in fairy tales, so in life - let good triumph over evil!

Good and evil to do always In the power of all people. But evil is done without difficulty, Good is more difficult to do.

Eat porridge, listen to a fairy tale.

Mind-mind dare,

Yes, wind on your mouth!

Thanks for attention!

Municipal educational institution Tumanovskaya secondary school

R. Moskalenki village 2009

Russian literature has always strove for great harmony, for the search for natural life, for the resolution eternal questions. A very important side of the spiritual life, the spiritual essence of Russian literature is Christian literature, Orthodox in its perception of the world and man.

N. Berdyaev noted this Christian side of Russian literature: “All our literature XIX centuries wounded by the Christian theme, all of it is looking for salvation, all of it is looking for deliverance from evil, suffering, the horror of life for human personality, people, humanity, world.

Literature and Orthodoxy merge for one very good reason. One of the most important aspects of Russian literature is the search for the meaning of life, the realization of the destiny of man. This is also one of the main questions of philosophy - the question of the meaning of life. Christianity answers it very definitely - the union of one's life with the life of God.

Orthodoxy draws an amazing fundamental conclusion: a person himself chooses the path of righteousness or sin, but even if you sin, you can defeat evil by spiritual struggle, by great moral effort. Hence the bright optimism of Russian literature, which manifests itself in trust in the world and its innermost meaning.


The most important, eternal for every person is the topic that is the most relevant in our time: Good and Evil.

Several stories of the collection "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka" are united by this very theme.

How does N.V. Gogol solve this topic on the pages of the stories “Sorochinsky Fair”, “May Night, or the Drowned Woman”, “The Night Before Christmas”?

What kind moral lessons can be learned from this?

The narrative in the story "Sorochinsky Fair" begins with a description of a luxurious summer day. “How delightful, how luxurious is a summer day in Little Russia! ... the lark trembles, and silver songs fly along the air steps to the land in love ... ". Gogol and the fair describe with bright joyful colors - folk holiday. Everyone hurrying to the fair is overwhelmed with fun, joy, even some kind of lightness is in the air.

The mood of people is enhanced by the feeling of something good, good, that should happen to them.

But something prevents people from peacefully having fun, there is no trade. It turns out that the fair is located in the very place that people call cursed. Evil lives in the very air, evil is next to people.

Evil is embodied in a visible image. The devil himself appears. The devil looks unhappy - he is expelled from hell for some misdeeds and drinks from grief. He ran out of money, so he pawns the red scroll and disappears altogether.

The remaining red scroll leads the Jew into temptation: he sells it at a profit, to a passing sir. A scroll is a beautiful, expensive and rare thing, but the owners of a beautiful scroll are unhappy, because it is related to evil, and what is related to evil cannot bring good to a person. The owners of the scroll tried to get rid of it, but it turns out that it is not so easy to part with it. Only this guy succeeded. Who, having crossed himself, chopped it up and scattered the pieces around the world. Unclean power loses its power in front of the holy cross.

Very often, evil is hidden under an ordinary human guise. In Gogol's story, the stepmother of Khivr is the embodiment of evil. She is a powerful woman, does not love her stepdaughter, is ready to scold anyone who says a word across to her. And the expression on her face is such that it gives the lads a reason to say: “But the devil is sitting in front.” Khivrya's stepmother interferes with the happiness of Gritsk and Paraska, but the cunning of the couples and the gypsies, who used the red scroll, help the lovers to unite. At the end of the story, the dancing people, having united, shielded the beautiful couple Gritsko and Paraska with a wall from the formidable shouts of Khivri. Goodness, love and unity of people overcome evil.

The story ends with a digression. It would seem a happy ending, everyone rejoices, but sadness sounds in this author’s reflection: “the heart becomes both heavy and sad and there is nothing to help it.” Following the author, let's think about whether their love, obtained in an unclean place, by unclean methods and with the help of unclean forces, will bring happiness to Gritsko and Paraska.

Another story "May Night, or the Drowned Woman" continues the theme of the struggle between good and evil. Already in the title of this story, the real and the fantastic are closely intertwined. May night is a night of pure, bright love of two real heroes, Levko and Ghana. The drowned woman is an indication of miracles.

The action described at the beginning of the story takes place in the evening. Magnificent nature surrounds two lovers. They say sincere words of love to each other. The amazing landscape, the feelings of the characters create a certain harmony of the unity of nature and man. But Hannah main character, something worries. And she is worried about the old wooden house dozing near the forest, on the mountain, and the evil that is happening here. The evil stepmother - the witch decided to ruin her stepdaughter, turning into a terrible black cat with iron claws, tried to strangle her. The father, under the influence of the witch-stepmother, drove his own daughter out of the house. The witch destroyed the sinful soul of the father, he forgot about his father's feelings for his daughter, pushed the young lady to suicide. “The heart becomes heavy and sad, and there is nothing to help it.”


From the terrible world of legend, the heroes are transferred to real world. And here evil reigns. Ganna admits to Levko: “Your people are unkind: the girls all look so envious, and the lads ...” Envy is also a product of evil. And very often it destroys people, makes them do bad deeds. But Levko and Ganna believed in God, loved him and knew that all the unclean spirits, embodying evil, “will fly headlong and fall into hell in heaps” as soon as God descends to earth on the feast of Christ. This bright faith helped them to be together.

Levko has a terrible rival - his own father. He, being the head, an important person in the village, is cruel towards people: “douses people in the cold with cold water”, “always prevails and ... of his own free will sends anyone he wants to level and stroke the road or dig ditches.”

The father turns out to be a terrible, vicious person. Levko could not get his father's consent to marry a Hank.

Friends, lads are fooling their heads. But the father is relentless. He does not understand and does not want to understand the feelings of his son.

Pannochka, a drowned woman, promises to help Levko if he saves the mermaids from the witch. The legend in the story resembles a fairy tale in which evil is punished and good wins. And as in a fairy tale, an assistant gets into the legend. Gogol's hero from the life of Levko becomes them. He is kind, responsive to someone else's misfortune, his heart is filled with pity and sadness when he listens to the sad story of the lady.

But to find an evil person, you need to know him. And Levko defines a witch by the blackness inside. “Inside she could see something black, while others shone.” Black soul is a folk sign negative character. When the witch rushed at the girl in the game "Into the Black Crow", her face lit up with malicious joy - gloating. No matter how evil is disguised, a kind person with a pure soul can always recognize and feel it.

Levko received love as a reward for his kindness. Levko is a true Christian - he wishes the kingdom of heaven to the lady, he baptizes his sleeping beloved.

The story ends with a description of the divine night, the majestic peace that has descended on the village. “The earth was just as beautiful…” as wonderful were the feelings of Levko and Ghana. This grace is created by harmony, which is everywhere: in a fairy tale, in life, in nature.

The solution to the eternal theme in the story "The Night Before Christmas" acquires a different shade. Christmas enters the story through the description of Christmas night. “Winter, clear night has come. The month majestically rose to heaven to shine on good people and the whole world, so that everyone would have fun caroling and glorifying Christ. Christmas night is not only a celebration of nature, fun and joy of people, but also an especially sharp struggle of good and evil on this night. On the eve of a bright Christmas, evil spirits roamed and in last days of its existence strives to plunge Orthodox people into sin. There are sorcerers in the sky, a swarm of spirits, a dancing devil, a broom. But in this story, evil is outwardly and physically not scary, but on the contrary, it is funny and absurd. The witch - the mother of the blacksmith Vakula - is a woman "pleasant in every way." She steals the stars and hides them in her sleeve. Her friend is a dick. He is comical, similar to a “German”: “a narrow, constantly spinning and sniffing everything ... muzzle ended ... with a round patch, his legs were thin.” Following Solokha, he grabbed the moon with both hands and put it in his pocket.

There is still one image of evil spirits in the story - this is Patsyuk. Outwardly, it is ridiculous, like a huge barrel. For people, Patsyuk is not dangerous: once he was a Cossack, then he began to heal people, and they went to him for help. Unlike previous stories, the evil of this story seeks to destroy not the body, but the soul. Therefore, in the story, Gogol develops the theme of the Christian understanding of good, evil, sin. On the night before Christmas, the moon rose to shine for good people. They will go out into the street, will merrily carol and praise Christ. This night is the last for evil spirits, therefore, good and evil are especially sharply opposed. The devil steals a month to take revenge on Vakula.

Vakula is the worst enemy, and all the devils know him. The blacksmith was a painter. A God-fearing man, he painted for the church images of saints and a picture in which the devil was driven out of hell. When Vakula painted a picture, the devil tried to interfere with him, mixed paints, but none of the devil's nasty things could embarrass Vakula's soul. So strongly he believed in God, so pure was his soul. The author makes this bright soul of Vakula a place of struggle between good and evil. Unrequited love to Oksana embarrassed Vakula, deprived him of fun on Christmas night, allowed the most terrible thoughts to penetrate - thoughts of suicide, and for a deeply religious person this is a great sin. Vakula realizes that he is ruining his pure soul by suicide and asks the lads to serve a memorial service. Vakula refuses this terrible decision and goes to seek help from Patsyuk: “I will go, because my soul will still have to disappear.” Love for Oksana leads the hero into a state of bitter disappointment: no one can help him in grief, and life without Oksana makes no sense.

Do you begin to doubt whether Vakula's soul is really pure and God-fearing? He remained the same pious man, and therefore quickly rushed out of Patsyuk's hut, spitting out a quick dumpling and wiping his lips smeared with sour cream. “What a fool I really am, standing here and gaining sin!” For Vakula, watching Patsyuk eat dumplings with sour cream in a hungry kutya is already a sin and evil.

The devil tempts Vakula with his speeches, stuffing himself into his comrades. And he is already rejoicing that the most God-fearing person, Vakula, is ready to give him his soul. “Here the devil laughed with joy, remembering how he would tease the entire tailed tribe in hell, how the lame devil, who was considered between them, would be the first to invent.”

But Vakula is strong not only physically, but also spiritually. He knows that evil, in the form of the devil, must be fought with words. God's and holy cross. And the evil spirit becomes obedient and helps Vakula get to St. Petersburg.

What is the strength of Vykula? He did not sell his soul to evil spirits, he was able to overcome evil in his soul and save other good people - from the devil and other evil spirits. Vakula has the soul of an artist. In the palace, he saw a picture depicting the Blessed Virgin with the Divine Child in her arms. He was struck by the beauty of what he saw. Only a person with a pure soul can see the beauty of the surrounding world.

At the end of the story, Vakula is rewarded for his bright soul with Oksana's sincere feelings. He needs people. For villagers without Vakula, a holiday is not a holiday.

In every person, good and evil often coexist. Only a person who is spiritually pure and sensitive can recognize evil. Evil must be fought with the forces of love, goodness and justice. When a person comprehends the beauty of the surrounding world, he rises to goodness.

Summary of the lesson: "Good and evil in fairy tales"

Goal: Development of the ability to see and evaluate the moral situation of an act fairytale heroes using the terms "good" and "evil".

    To educate a conscious attitude to social norms of behavior (encouraging children to show kindness in actions).

    Contribute to the creation of a positive emotional climate in the classroom.

    Build a respectful relationship with each other.

Course progress.

    Org. moment

The song "The Way of Good" sounds
2. Self-determination to activity

What is this song about? (about kindness, about friends)

What does it mean to walk the path of goodness? (meaning helping a friend, caring for one's neighbor)
Who guessed what the lesson will be about today?

Name the opposite word for good. Yes, today we will talk about "good and evil in fairy tales."

Do good and evil always
In the power of all people.
But evil is done without difficulty,
Doing good is harder.
Do you know how to distinguish good from evil and vice versa?

Since ancient times, people have strived for good and hated evil. Yes, it is not easy to be a kind person. This must be learned throughout life. And not only our parents and teachers help us in this, but also good old fairy tales.

You all love fairy tales. And one of the main themes of folk tales was the theme of good and evil. There are good and bad characters in fairy tales.

Look at fairy-tale characters and try to determine which of them is good and which is evil.

3. Work on the topic
How did you guess what it was?

1. Baba Yaga - conjures, brews a potion, sends illnesses, death to people, eats, roasts in the oven.
2. Ivanushka Tsarevich, fool. Rescues, rescues.
3. Leshy is the owner of the forest. Lures you into the forest to get lost and die.
4. Gerda - overcomes difficulties to save Kai.
5. The Snow Queen- cold, soulless, deception takes Kai away.
6. Koschey the Immortal - evil, steals beauties, forces her to marry.

7. Fairy - kind, helps, helps out of trouble, rewards.
8. Swamp kikimora - from the swamp screams loudly for help, lures into the swamp. Turns into a girl, calls for help, lures travelers into the swamp. 9. Cinderella

10. Serpent Gorynych steals beauties, burns all living things.

You saw many heroes of fairy tales, distinguished good from evil. So tell me, what is "good"?(children answer)
The teacher summarizes the children's answers: "Good – it's all good, useful, beautiful. It connects, brings together, dfriendship, frompart, Rhell of a smile, good deeds»

Fairy tales teach to think, see good, evil and reflect on their actions.

Guys, good is different. Which? (children's reasoning).
Good can be heard - this is music, poetry, gentle words. But there is such good that cannot be touched, it cannot be seen, heard, but every person should have it: you, and I, and your parents. This is a kind heart, a kind soul, kind words to help those who are in trouble.
What is evil? (children answer)
The teacher summarizes the answers of the children: “Evil is harm,bol, suffering, resentment, rudeness, fights, evil words, bad deeds. It divides, destroys friendship."

Fairy tales help us understand what is good and evil.
Game "Fairy Tale"
I will call the fairy-tale hero, and you answer whether he is good or evil. If you are kind, you clap your hands happily, if you are evil, cover your face with your palms. (Ivan - Tsarevich, Koschei the Immortal, Goldfish, Thumbelina, Karabas-Barabas, Little Red Riding Hood, swan geese, water, Baba Yaga, Cinderella, Pinocchio, Fox Alice, Morozko, Malvina.)

What character would you like to be like? Why? (children's answers)

Fairy tales teach a lot to those who know how to reflect on what they read. After all, it is not enough to be able to read, one must be able to think.

We collect proverbs
- People often say a proverb: “A kind word is also pleasant for a cat” (the proverb is hung on the board).
How do you understand the meaning of this proverb? (answers)
-What is a proverb? (answers)
A proverb is folk wisdom, advice to all people. Listen to what is written in the dictionary of V.I. Dahl about the proverb: “A proverb is a short saying, a lesson, more in the form of a parable, allegory, or in the form of a life sentence; the proverb is not composed, but is born by itself; this is the walking mind of the people…”

I propose to play the game "Collect the proverb". Proverbs crumbled into words. Help collect and read.
On the board, children collect three proverbs:

"Life is given for good deeds"
"For good, good and pay"
"A good word heals, but an evil one cripples"
- How do you understand the meaning? (answers)

- Do you often use kind words in your speech? (answers)
- They are also called "magic", why? (answers)

Let's see how well you know polite words. I will name the sentence, and you will end it in rhyme with a magic word.

Even ice blocks melt

From the word warm .... (thank you)

The old stump will turn green,

When he hears ... (good afternoon)

Boy, polite and developed

He says when they meet... (Hello)

When we are scolded for pranks,

We say ... (sorry, forgive me, please)

Both France and Denmark

At parting, everyone says ... (goodbye)

These words are known to everyone for a long time,

You see - they are both simple and not new.

But I will repeat anyway:

Kind people, be healthy!

Crossword
In life and in fairy tales magic words help people do good and fight evil. What other magic words do you know?

One such word was hidden in a crossword puzzle. The answers to the crossword puzzle questions are the names of good fairy-tale characters. Guess who they are and read a kind word.


For new brains

He went to town with his friends.
The barriers didn't scare me.
Fearless was ... ( Scarecrow)

He is kinder than everyone in the world,

He heals sick animals.
And once a hippopotamus
He pulled it out of the swamp.
He's famous, he's famous
This is a doctor…….( Aibolit)


Baked bread, washed, wove,
She sewed shirts, embroidered the pattern,
She swam like a white swan.
Who was this craftswoman? ( Vasilisa the Wise)

Long unknown to many

He became everyone's friend.
All according to an interesting fairy tale
The boy is an onion sign.
Very simple and short
He is called ... .. ( Cipollino)

He is both cheerful and not evil,

This cute weirdo.
With him is the owner - the boy Robin
And buddy Piglet
For him, a walk is a holiday,
And honey has a special scent.
This plush prankster
Bear cub… ( Winnie the Pooh)

He is a friend to animals and children,

He is a living being.
But such in the world
There isn't one more.
Because he is not a bird
Not a kitten, not a puppy.
Not a wolf cub, not a groundhog.
But filmed
And known to all for a long time
This cute muzzle.
He is called ... ( Cheburashka)

He loves everyone forever

Who would not come to him.
Guessed? This is Gena.
This is Gena….( Crocodile)

On the interactive whiteboard solving a crossword puzzle. It turns out the word " THANKS»

Are only kind words needed in life? (Affairs)
- There is such a proverb among the people: “It is bad for him who does no good to anyone” (the proverb is hung on the board)

"Rules of Kindness"
Do you think there are any rules of kindness. Let's try to make rules "Hurry to do good." (tree of kindness with leaves - the rules of kindness) This tree will bear fruit, new trees will grow and a whole garden will appear.

To do good deeds just like that, out of good intentions.

To love people familiar and unfamiliar, not to offend them.

Encourage others to treat each other well.

Do good for family and friends.

Don't envy.

Don't be mean.

Don't be rude.

Outcome

Peace will always reign on our planet Earth if there are many kind, just, honest people.
Our garden will be filled with "good trees". So take care of your garden, don't let it get overgrown with weeds.

Reflection
- How did you feel doing a good deed? (Doing good is very nice.)

A person who has kindness in his soul looks pleasant, he has an expression of joy and peace on his face, a sweet smile on his lips. Let's smile at each other!

We will try to cultivate this feeling in ourselves and follow these rules.

Appendix

Proverbs:

1 - For good, good and pay
2 - A good word heals, and an evil one cripples
3 - Life is given for good deeds
"A kind word and a cat is pleased"
"Bad to the one who does no good to anyone"

Crossword
The words in the crossword puzzle are riddles about fairy-tale characters:

For new brains

He went to town with his friends.
The barriers didn't scare me.
Fearless was ... ( Scarecrow)

He is kinder than everyone in the world,

He heals sick animals.
And once a hippopotamus
He pulled it out of the swamp.
He's famous, he's famous
This is a doctor…….( Aibolit)

She was able to work beautifully and deftly,

In any case, she showed skill.
Baked bread, washed, wove,
She sewed shirts, embroidered the pattern,
She swam like a white swan.
Who was this craftswoman? ( Vasilisa the Wise)

Long unknown to many

He became everyone's friend.
All according to an interesting fairy tale
The boy is an onion sign.
Very simple and short
He is called ... .. ( Cipollino)

He is both cheerful and not evil,

This cute weirdo.
With him is the owner - the boy Robin
And buddy Piglet
For him, a walk is a holiday,
And honey has a special scent.
This plush prankster
Bear cub… ( Winnie the Pooh)

He is a friend to animals and children,

He is a living being.
But such in the world
There isn't one more.
Because he is not a bird
Not a kitten, not a puppy.
Not a wolf cub, not a groundhog.
But filmed
And known to all for a long time
This cute muzzle.
He is called ... ( Cheburashka)

He loves everyone forever

Who would not come to him.
Guessed? This is Gena.
This is Gena….( Crocodile)


"Good and Evil in Russian Folk Tales"
For centuries, the people have been creating works of oral folk art, laying in them folk wisdom, their hopes and aspirations. Folk tales are also entertainment that brightened up long evenings; these are the lessons of what a person should be; it is also a desire for justice. A.S. Pushkin wrote: “A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, a lesson for good fellows!”
Listening to fairy tales, everyone immediately decides for himself what is good and what is bad, and strives to imitate good heroes.
This is how the concepts are formed: good and evil. Each person understands in his own way what is good and what is evil.
Therefore, the author in one tale made the stepmother an evil hero, in another - the king or neighbor, in the third - Baba Yaga, the Serpent or Koshchei, focusing either on his own opinion or on the listeners. Justice did not always triumph in life, which is why people invented fairy tales where good conquered evil, as if making their dreams come true.

People have composed many proverbs and sayings about good and evil. Here are some of them:
Good is not repaid with evil.
From good to bad, it does not happen.
Good fame runs, and bad fame flies.
When the sun is warm, and when the mother is good.
A kind person and someone else's disease to the heart.
For good, good and pay.
Don't look for beauty, look for kindness.
kindness is good quality human
Anger is a bad quality in a person.

How did the people portray these two concepts: good and evil? All the heroes of the fairy tale are strictly divided into positive and negative. Positive characters: Ivan the Fool, Ivan Tsarevich, Ivan the Peasant's Son, Vasilisa the Wise, Elena the Beautiful, Marya Morevna and others - are always endowed first of all external beauty, which is sometimes hidden at the beginning of a fairy tale. Such is Ivanushka the Fool. Everyone laughs at this hero, older brothers openly mock him. But Ivanushka the Fool is better than his brothers in coping with his father's assignment, because he has responsibility for the assigned work. He is observant, endowed with ingenuity and courage. And therefore, as a reward, he receives a beautiful princess and half a kingdom in addition.

Ivan Tsarevich was also portrayed by the people as smart and courageous, kind and sympathetic. Therefore, the forces of nature come to his aid, allowing him to cope with the difficult tasks that have arisen on his way.

Female images in fairy tales are endowed with incredible beauty, which "neither in a fairy tale can be said, nor described with a pen." They are wise and hardworking, caring and kind. Therefore, smart, brave and wonderful heroes always come to their rescue.

Sometimes Baba Yaga turns out to be an assistant to the protagonist:

Baba Yaga is not always evil, sometimes she is a giver of some object, or gives wise advice: this is how the hero receives from her a ball that leads him to the goal, or a wonderful horse that quickly delivers him to the place. Baba Yaga knows many miracles. In the fairy tale “Go there - I don’t know where, bring it - I don’t know what” Baba Yaga, mother of Princess Marya, helps Andrei the shooter, his son-in-law, to complete the task of the king. She is a good character in this story.

Serpent Gorynych and Koschey in Russian folk tales represent evil. The snake kills people beautiful girls. Koschey is cunning, cunning and very mercenary.

Since ancient times, fairy tales have been close and understandable to ordinary people.
Fantasy intertwined with reality. Justice has always triumphed in Russian fairy tales, and good has triumphed over evil.

REMINDER
HOW TO BECOME A GOOD AND KIND PERSON.
Try to see in people first of all good and kind! From this, everyone around becomes prettier and kinder!
Be kind to people!
Learn good from the good!
Do not be afraid to offer help to those who need it, first of all help those who are in trouble, the weak, the sick.
Doing no harm, you become kinder!
THANKS FOR ATTENTION!