Comparison of Chatsky and Onegin table. Chatsky and Onegin: the theme of the "superfluous person" in Russian literature. Ability to maintain friendly relations

Eugene Onegin and Alexander Chatsky - characters various literary works A. Pushkin and A. Griboyedov, however, they have something in common: the heroes are not fully understood and not accepted by society. But along with this, the acting characters also have distinctive features. If Onegin is a frequent visitor to balls and dinners, then Chatsky rejects such a way of life, considering it meaningless. Eugene treats people arrogantly, Alexander, on the contrary, is friendly to everyone, but if he sees himself as right, he defends this point of view. The table below shows the characteristics of these heroes.

He returned and got

Like Chatsky, from the ship to the ball.

A. Pushkin

What brings together and what separates Onegin and Chatsky? As we can see, in these lines A. S. Pushkin compares his hero with Chatsky. But why exactly with Chatsky, at first glance, completely unlike him? But the fact of the matter is that at first glance ...

The son of a wealthy gentleman, "the heir to all his relatives", Eugene Onegin appears before us as an empty secular dandy, to whom the "science of tender passion" has replaced all true feelings. This is an egoist who thinks only about himself, about his desires and pleasures, not paying attention to the feelings, interests and suffering of other people:

How early could he be hypocritical,

Hold hope, be jealous

disbelieve, make believe

To seem gloomy, to languish.

We don't see Chatsky at all like that. Although he also comes from a noble family and was brought up in the house of Famusov, a typical representative of the "gray" society, he is smart and impeccably honest, sincere and witty. Characteristics of Chatsky as a typical representative younger generation 1810-1820, participating in social activities in one way or another, is most clearly reflected in the words of Sophia:

Sharp, smart, eloquent,

Especially happy in friends

That's what he thought about himself...

The desire to wander attacked him.

He loves Russia, and this love breeds in him hatred for slavery and the oppression of the people. Chatsky was engaged in literary work, was in military service, had connections with ministers, but left this because, he says: “I would be glad to serve - it’s sickening to serve.” He is a restless thinker, a hero of that time, one of those people whose heart “does not tolerate dumbness”, and therefore reveals everything that is secretly thought out even to nonentities, “fools”. Chatsky laughs at Famusov and his entourage, sharply jokes about their life and customs.

Onegin is different, he is completely indifferent to everything: to nature, to the fate of the Russian people. He is bored both in the city and in the country, although can we entirely blame him for this? Hardly. The positive qualities of Eugene could not be developed due to the fault of a bad upbringing and living situation. At that time, it was customary to invite foreign children to rich houses to educate them. Often, however, these turned out to be rather illiterate people who were looking for easy money in Russia, and, accordingly, were not able to give proper education. It should be said that Onegin, having received the most superficial education, nevertheless sought to replenish and expand it. He easily enters into an argument with Lensky on serious political, historical and philosophical issues, talking as an equal to an equal. This is evidence that, like Chatsky, he is a level above the environment.

The essential difference between the characters lies in their personal feelings, attitude towards love, marriage. Chatsky seriously loves Sophia, sees her future wife. However, Sophia cannot fall in love with him, because with all her positive qualities, she still completely belongs to the "famus" world, And here a strong blow awaits him. The struggle with society is aggravated by the personal drama of the hero. Unlike Chatsky, Onegin denies happiness in marriage, does not believe in love. Although the ability to experience deep feelings is not entirely alien to him; we learn that once he could believe in love, but the light killed this faith. A new meeting with Tatyana awakens love of unprecedented strength in Yevgeny's heart. He even gets sick and almost dies of love. And here Eugene is waiting for the final collapse of his hopes for personal happiness. Thus, the tragedy of their destinies already unites our heroes.

But this is not their only similarity. This is evidenced by the changes; that happen to Onegin after the murder of Lensky. A feeling of inferiority and uselessness grows in him. We no longer see the cold and calculating egoist he appeared at the beginning of the novel. Eugene can no longer, as before, think only of himself, ignore the feelings and experiences of people, be indifferent to the suffering of the Russian people under the yoke of the feudal lords. How different this Onegin is from the Onegin in the first chapters of the novel! And how clearly his resemblance to the hero of Griboyedov's comedy is now obvious.

But the main thing that unites Onegin and Chatsky is their rejection by society. Eugene, like Chatsky, is smarter and more honest than the people who surround them. Therefore, he is hostile to his neighbors; they slander about him:

“Our neighbor is ignorant; crazy;

He is a pharmacist; he drinks one

A glass of red wine;

He does not fit the ladies' hands;

All yes, yes no; won't say yes, sir, or no, sir."

That was the general voice.

In the same way, Famusov's guests talk about Chatsky: “I was pulling champagne with glasses. - Bottles, sir, and big ones. - No, sir, barrels of forties. The old countess finds the same words as Onegin's neighbors: “What? To the farmazons in the club? Did he go to the infidels? The society of “unthinking” rejects Chatsky, “no one wants to forgive him”, because a smart (active) young man is an obstacle to their calm prosperity. That is why Famusov declares that the "wise guy" has no place in Moscow society.

This is the main thing that unites these seemingly different people - Eugene Onegin and Alexander Chatsky; that is their common tragedy. Society does not forgive them for being much higher than the average person in their circle. Mediocrity, proud insignificance - that's who is happy in this society. "The silent ones are blissful in the world!"

Evgeny Onegin and Alexander Chatsky are the protagonists of various literary works by A. Pushkin and A. Griboyedov, however, they have something in common: the characters are not fully understood and accepted by society. But along with this, the acting characters also have distinctive features. If Onegin is a frequent visitor to balls and dinners, then Chatsky rejects such a way of life, considering it meaningless. Eugene treats people arrogantly, Alexander, on the contrary, is friendly to everyone, but if he sees himself as right, he defends this point of view. The table below shows the characteristics of these heroes.

The works of A.S. Griboyedov and A.S. Pushkin is often compared with each other. They were created around the same time, but it seems that there is nothing in common between their main characters. But it is not so. Both writers created a literary image " extra person". Onegin and Chatsky are distinguished by intelligence, received a good education, but they have no place in their social environment. Love and personal happiness are not available to these characters.

Characteristic features of Alexander Chatsky

Alexander Chatsky, the hero of the comedy Woe from Wit, does not want to serve the highest ranks, but would gladly serve society. He is distinguished by honesty and openness, the hero does not wear masks, is proud and does not want to be humiliated. There is no desire for power or wealth in him, as, for example, Skalozub. Chatsky is trying to find really worthy role models. He is unusually brave and can resist society.

He is striving to comprehend the world, to search for a truly noble goal. His love for Sophia is great and pure, he is ready for self-sacrifice for her sake. He is not afraid to be honest, does not hide his thoughts and ideas, trying to open the eyes of others to the truth that he has comprehended. He is alien to flattery and meanness, slavish philosophy. He is internally free and is not afraid to look crazy among the representatives of the "famus" society.

He is characterized by youthful maximalism, devotion to the highest ideals and values, the desire to benefit others.

Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky is a patriot in the highest and truest sense of the word. But his love for the Motherland is effective, he seeks to transform it, to correct its inherent vices. The feudal system and social injustice in general causes a powerful internal protest in him. He is closer to the ideas of the Enlightenment, he appreciates reason and justice. This leads to the fact that the young man constantly makes speeches filled with righteous anger. And yet he remains alone and misunderstood.

It is loneliness, the absence of like-minded people that unites the heroes of the two works. Their lives seem meaningless, since all impulses are doomed to failure and misunderstanding.

Personal characteristics of Eugene Onegin

The title character of the novel in verse is also alone in high society. When he had fun at social events, he broke the hearts of women. But the senseless pastime began to burden him. A series of similar balls and dinners could not make him happy.

The hero was seized by melancholy, he lost interest in life. If the protest of Alexander Chatsky is expressed loudly and openly, then in Onegin it is hidden and cold. Detachment and apathy are the most important personality traits of Pushkin's character. Even Tatyana's love and the beauty of nature could not bring him back to active life. Moreover, he kills Lensky during the duel, in fact, not wanting it. Why is he so strong in his suffering?

The reason lies in himself, the peculiarities of education. He did not take into account the feelings of other people, guided only by his own needs and desires. The personality of Napoleon became fatal in Onegin's life. At that time, it was believed that large-scale people were allowed to do anything. great person equal to God.

Eugene Onegin is accustomed to the fact that he constantly wears a mask and is a hypocrite. His natural spiritual impulses have long been suppressed. He does not trust his feelings, is guided only by reason and is not able to trust others. He treats others rather arrogantly, as a result, he brings them nothing but suffering. At the same time, Eugene Onegin suffers himself. All his ordeals, the search for himself and his place in the world do not lead to a result. All attempts to acquire remain fruitless.

Love for the changed Tatyana comes as a surprise, giving hope for an inner rebirth. This feeling helped him open up, stop hiding himself and his true "I". The girl revealed to him the world of eternal moral values, giving him a chance to change. But since the ending of the novel in verse is open, we do not know the subsequent fate of Eugene Onegin. Could he use this chance?

So, Alexander Chatsky and Eugene Onegin have in common confrontation with society, inner loneliness. The heroes of both works could not find a way out and turned out to be the first characters in Russian literature who embodied the image of the “superfluous person”.

In the 10-20s of the last century, anti-serfdom sentiments intensified among the advanced part of the nobility in Russia. The first secret societies were created, the ideas of bourgeois revolutions spread throughout the country. On one side of the barricades were the reactionaries, on the other - advanced noblemen, the future Decembrists. There were also such representatives of the nobility who did not belong to the reactionaries, but did not join secret societies and did not have freedom-loving thoughts. It was at such a time that A. S. Pushkin began work on the first chapters of the novel "Eugene Onegin", and in the same years A. S. Griboedov created his own immortal comedy"Woe from Wit".

Chatsky and Onegin - the main characters of these works - are the same age. They are young and full of energy nobles. But the difference between the two images is immediately evident. Chatsky, like Onegin, was brought up in an atmosphere of reaction, but he learned and became an educated person. Griboyedov's hero "writes and translates nicely." Work for Chatsky is not a heavy burden; he sees progress in education. Onegin, on the other hand, was brought up in the French manner, and Pushkin himself jokingly remarks that he is a home teacher.

So that the child is not exhausted,

Taught him everything jokingly

I didn’t bother with strict morality ...

We all learned a little

Something and somehow...

Onegin spent eight years in idle Petersburg, where he went to receptions, balls, went to bed after midnight, and got up in the afternoon. He understood the emptiness and worthlessness of such a life, but did not begin to fight it. Onegin retired to his estate, tried to do some kind of activity, but "hard work was sickening to him." Chatsky also had an estate, but he "managed it by mistake", that is, he treated the peasants well. His nature is outraged by the servitude of the serfs. Chatsky gives examples of how the feudal lords treated people who more than once saved the house, honor, and life of the owners.

Onegin is also trying to organize his serfs:

In his wilderness, the desert sage,

Yarem he is an old corvée

I replaced the quitrent with a light one;

And the slave blessed fate.

But the author reports that this was done "just to pass the time." All the activities of Onegin the reformer were limited to this. Eugene does not care about the fate of the peasants, the “chilled mind” inspires the hero that he should only take care of himself. He is an individualist.

Both characters are contemptuous of high society. They are smart and reasonable, therefore they see all the emptiness and worthlessness of secular Petersburg and Moscow. “What new will Moscow show me?” Chatsky asks on the day of his arrival to the Famusovs. He does not find any change for the better. Griboyedov's hero breaks with this society completely, although he loves a girl from an environment he hates. Onegin, on the other hand, remained a man of his circle, bearing all his vices. He killed Lensky in a duel, unable to rise above the world that he internally despised. Class prejudices took over, Eugene was afraid of the gossip of "local rulers." A critical attitude to reality, an outstanding mind doomed him, in the absence of social activities, to complete solitude. Chatsky is not alone. Griboyedov talks about the brother of Colonel Skalozub, a forward officer who left the service, about the nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, who is passionately engaged in chemistry and botany.

Chatsky has a more sensitive soul than Onegin. Onegin appears as a sensible egoist. He does not understand the depth of Tatyana's requests. At the core of his feelings lies selfishness. Chatsky sincerely loves Sophia. He is completely transformed when he sees her. But Sophia is a person Famus Society, and Chatsky finds the strength to leave Moscow.

In the images of Chatsky and Onegin, we clearly see different people of the same era. Something similar, they represent the various paths that society has taken in early XIX century: the path of protest and the path of cold contemplation.

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