In this article, we will turn to famous novel M. A. Bulgakov - "Master and Margarita". The image of Margarita will interest us in the first place. It is to this heroine that we will try to give a detailed description and consider all the changes that occur to her throughout the work.

Margarita: common features

The heroine embodies the image of a loving and beloved woman who, for the sake of the chosen man, is ready to do anything, even make a deal with the devil. Margarita's age at the time of the meeting with the Master is 30 years old. Despite this, she has not lost her attractiveness and stature. Her character is a little impulsive, but this energy is like a breath of fresh air for the Master. Margarita supports and helps her beloved in everything, if not for her help, his novel would not have been created.

The heroine is associated with love line novel. Her appearance in the narrative enlivens the work, endows it with lyricism and humanism.

Characteristics of Margarita

About how the heroine lived before meeting the Master, we learn only from her words. Her life was empty. On that day, she went outside with yellow flowers so that her beloved would finally find her, otherwise she would have been poisoned. This speaks of the meaninglessness of its existence, the absence of any desires and aspirations.

Margaret got married at the age of 19. Her chosen one was a respected and rich man. The couple lived in abundance, which any woman would be happy with: a beautiful house, no worries about life, a loving husband. However, she was not happy for a single day. She saw no meaning or purpose in her life.

The characterization of Margarita gives an idea of ​​​​her as an outstanding woman who has little material wealth. Her soul needs emotions and real feelings. The mansion she lives in reminds her of a cage. She has rich inner world, the breadth of the soul, so the philistine grayness that reigns around gradually kills her.

Bulgakov describes the heroine as amazing beautiful woman with lively, "slightly squinting" eyes, which radiated with "unusual loneliness." Before meeting the Master, she was unhappy. A lot of warmth and energy accumulated in her heart, which she could not spend on anyone.

Love

The beloved of the Master and the woman whom he accidentally runs into on the street are completely different people. Margarita is transformed, her life finally has meaning - love for the Master, and the goal is to help him write a novel. All the spiritual energy accumulated in her is now directed to her beloved and his work. Never caring about everyday life and not knowing what a primus is, the heroine, entering the Master's house, immediately begins to cook dinner and wash the dishes. Surprisingly, even household chores brought her only joy if she was next to her beloved. Margarita appears to the reader as economic and caring. At the same time, the heroine manages to balance between the images of the muse of the writer and the caring wife.

Margarita perfectly understands and feels the Master, hence her empathy and love for his novel, which was gained by both of them. That is why the heroine reacts with such malice and hatred to the refusal to publish the novel and to critical reviews about him. From that moment on, rage towards the gray and petty world begins to accumulate in her, which will find a way out later.

Witch

A deal with the devil is one of the key motifs in The Master and Margarita. The image of Margarita is very closely connected with him. Being in despair, the heroine meets with Azazello. At first, the woman did not pay any attention to him, but when Woland's envoy began to quote lines from the Master's novel, she believes him. It is Azazello who gives her the cream and instructions. Understanding who came to her, Margarita is ready to do everything, if only she had the opportunity to return the Master.

At night, the heroine decides to use a magic cream and turns into a witch. The character of Margarita is changing again. Dark power transforms her no worse than love. She becomes free and brave, and her impulsiveness only increases. In the guise of a witch, Margarita does not lose her sense of humor: she jokes with a neighbor who saw her in the window, teases the arguing housewives.

A new Margarita is born. And she no longer holds anger in herself. Ready to deal with the offenders of the Master, she does not miss the chance to smash the apartment of the critic Latunsky. At this moment, she looks like an angry fury.

Margarita the Witch is a very bright and strong image, Bulgakov does not spare emotions and colors when drawing it. The heroine throws off everything that fettered her and prevented her from living and breathing. It becomes light in the literal sense of the word.

At Woland's ball

So, how does Margarita appear at Woland's ball? To begin with, the ball is the climax of the novel. Several key (for the novel and the image of the heroine) questions are raised here. For example, the problem of mercy. This theme is inextricably linked with the image of Margarita. And we see that, even having turned into a witch, she does not lose this feature, saving Frida from torment. Margarita manages to preserve her bright human qualities surrounded by evil spirits.

All the events of the chapter describing the ball are concentrated around the heroine. We see how she suffers from jewelry, but endures. Margarita really appears as a queen and hostess at the ball. She courageously endures everything that falls to her lot. Woland also notes this, mentioning the power of royal blood that flows in Margarita.

There is no more witchish prowess and recklessness in the heroine, she behaves with dignity and observes all the rules of etiquette. At the ball, the witch transforms into a queen.

Margaret's Award

It was the actions of the heroine that determined the denouement of the book The Master and Margarita. The image of Margarita is the driving force that helps the plot to develop. Only thanks to her consent to Woland's proposal, the Master gains freedom and receives his novel. Margarita achieves the goal she is striving for - finding love and peace. Despite the fact that the image of the heroine often transforms, we do not see drastic changes in her character. Margarita remains true to herself, despite all the trials.

And as a reward for all the suffering, she is granted peace. Spiritual world, to which Woland sends her and the Master, is not paradise. The heroine still did not deserve it, as she made a deal with the devil. However, here she found a long-awaited peace. The lovers walk next to each other, and Margarita knows that she has done everything possible to never part with the Master again.

Prototypes

Almost every hero has his own prototype in The Master and Margarita. The image of Margarita is associated with the third wife of Bulgakov himself - Elena Sergeevna. The writer often called her "my Margarita". It was this woman who was with Bulgakov last years his life and did a lot to ensure that this very novel was completed. The edition of the work was already underway at the time when Bulgakov was seriously ill and dying. Elena Sergeevna made corrections under his dictation, sitting by the bed. And after her husband's death, she struggled with criticism for another two decades to get the novel published.

Bulgakov's Margarita also has features of Gretchen, main character Faust by Goethe.

Quotes from The Master and Margarita

Here are some of the most famous quotes of our heroine:

  • “And in enjoyment one must be at least a little prudent.”
  • “Sadness before a long journey. Isn't it true that it is quite natural, even when you know that happiness awaits you at the end of this road?

Quotes from The Master and Margarita have long been catchphrases that even those who have not read this amazing work have heard.

Test No. 1 based on Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita.
1. What is the originality of the composition of the novel?

A) ring composition

B) chronological order of development of events

C) parallel development of three storylines

D) parallel development of two storylines
2. What is the specificity of the system of images in this novel?

A) based on the principles of duality

B) the characters are united by the general idea of ​​the work

C) the heroes form a kind of triad of representatives of the biblical world

D) the system of images is built on the principle of antithesis
3. "I, Yeshua, said that the temple of the old faith would collapse and a new temple of Truth would be created." What is the meaning of this saying?

A) Yeshua - the new king of the Jews, who erected a new Temple

B) it is not about faith, but about Truth

A) biblical storytelling

D) the author seeks to show Yeshua as a poor man
5. Match the names of the heroes that make up the triad of representatives ancient world, contemporary to the author of Moscow and the other world (or characters penetrating into both of these real worlds)
Gella; Azazello; Woland; Hippo; Levi Matthew; Margarita;

Professor Stravinsky; Ivan Homeless; Judas; Mark Ratslayer; Pilate.
A) heroes have power in their world, but are still powerless over human choice

B) beauty and its service to the forces of darkness

C) heroes perform the function of executioners

D) traitors who are justly punished

D) the image of a disciple-follower

E) faithful friend, trouble-free assistant
6. Why is a similar row not formed for Margarita?

A) there is no traditional love triangle in the novel

B) the image of Margarita is unique, does not require parallels

C) historically there were no parallels in the biblical and other world
7. Whose portrait is this: “His mustache is like chicken feathers, his eyes are small, and his trousers are plaid, pulled up so that dirty white socks are visible”?
A) Azazello

B) Koroviev

B) Varenukha

D) Homeless
8. “Justice in the understanding of Bulgakov is not limited to punishment, retribution and retribution. Justice is managed by two departments, the functions of which are strictly separated: the department of retribution and the department of mercy. This unexpected metaphor contains an important idea: vengeance is in vain, the right force is not able to revel in cruelty, endlessly enjoy the vindictive feeling of triumph. Mercy is another face of justice.” (V.Ya. Lakshin)

1) Explain the meaning of the words "in vain" (from "see" - "see"), "right power" (righteous power).

2) Comment on this statement. From your point of view, what is justice?
9. Bulgakov’s novel is “a satirical chronicle of that city life

20-30s, which was accessible to the artistic gaze of the writer ... "(P.A. Nikolaev)

1) How did the city life of that time appear before us?

2) What satirical devices did the author use when writing this chronicle?
10. Who betrayed Yeshua?

A) Matthew Levi

D) Ratslayer
11. What did Margarita hold in her hands at the first meeting with the Master?
A) yellow tulips

B) red roses

B) white lilies of the valley

D) yellow mimosa
12. In whose apartment is Margarita pogrom, turning into a witch?

A) Likhodeeva

B) Latunsky

B) Berlioz

D) Woland
13. What does Woland say after the performance in the variety show?

A) that people have changed for the better

B) that Moscow has not changed at all, there are no new houses in it

C) that the city has changed, but the people have remained the same

D) that people have become much worse
14. Who turned Varenukha into a vampire?

A) Margaret

B) Azazello

D) Koroviev
15. In what institution did the foreman work before entering the hospital?

A) in a museum

B) in the hospital

B) in the theater

D) in a variety show
16. What object tormented Frida, one of the participants in the ball at Satan's?

A) a broken mirror

B) blue scarf

B) the lost necklace

D) unbuttoned bracelet
17. Who does the Master forgive at the end of the novel, saying: “Free! Now you're free!"?

A) Matthew Levi

B) Woland

C) Ivan Homeless

D) Pilate
18. What is the name of the poet Ivan Homeless at the end of the novel?

A) Ivan Sergeev

B) Ivan Ponyrev

B) Ivan Lavrentiev

D) Stepan Likhodeev

19. When does the novel take place (in both worlds)?

20. What two cities are mentioned in the novel?

21. About whom did the Master write his novel?

22. After Woland's departure, who has the same dream every year at the same time?

Test No. 1 based on Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita.
1. What is the originality of the composition of the novel?

A) ring composition

B) chronological order of development of events

C) parallel development of three storylines

D) parallel development of two storylines
2. What is the specificity of the system of images in this novel?

A) based on the principles of duality

B) the characters are united by the general idea of ​​the work

C) the heroes form a kind of triad of representatives of the biblical world

D) the system of images is built on the principle of antithesis
3. "I, Yeshua, said that the temple of the old faith would collapse and a new temple of Truth would be created." What is the meaning of this saying?

A) Yeshua - the new king of the Jews, who erected a new Temple

B) it is not about faith, but about Truth


4. Why is Yeshua presented as a vagabond in the novel?

A) biblical storytelling

D) the author seeks to show Yeshua as a poor man
5. Correlate the names of the heroes that make up the triad of representatives of the ancient world, modern Moscow and the other world (or characters penetrating both of these real worlds)
Gella; Azazello; Woland; Hippo; Levi Matthew; Margarita;

Professor Stravinsky; Ivan Homeless; Judas; Mark Ratslayer; Pilate.


A) heroes have power in their world, but are still powerless over human choice

B) beauty and its service to the forces of darkness

C) heroes perform the function of executioners

D) traitors who are justly punished

D) the image of a disciple-follower

E) faithful friend, trouble-free assistant


6. Why is a similar row not formed for Margarita?

A) there is no traditional love triangle in the novel

B) the image of Margarita is unique, does not require parallels

C) historically there were no parallels in the biblical and other world


7. Whose portrait is this: “His mustache is like chicken feathers, his eyes are small, and his trousers are plaid, pulled up so that dirty white socks are visible”?
A) Azazello

B) Koroviev

B) Varenukha

D) Homeless


8. “Justice in the understanding of Bulgakov is not limited to punishment, retribution and retribution. Justice is managed by two departments, the functions of which are strictly separated: the department of retribution and the department of mercy. This unexpected metaphor contains an important idea: vengeance is in vain, the right force is not able to revel in cruelty, endlessly enjoy the vindictive feeling of triumph. Mercy is another face of justice.” (V.Ya. Lakshin)

1) Explain the meaning of the words "in vain" (from "see" - "see"), "right power" (righteous power).

2) Comment on this statement. From your point of view, what is justice?
9. Bulgakov’s novel is “a satirical chronicle of that city life

20-30s, which was accessible to the artistic gaze of the writer ... "(P.A. Nikolaev)

1) How did the city life of that time appear before us?

2) What satirical techniques did the author use when writing this chronicle?


10. Who betrayed Yeshua?

A) Matthew Levi

B) Pilate


D) Ratslayer
11. What did Margarita hold in her hands at the first meeting with the Master?
A) yellow tulips

B) red roses

B) white lilies of the valley

D) yellow mimosa


12. In whose apartment is Margarita pogrom, turning into a witch?

A) Likhodeeva

B) Latunsky

B) Berlioz

D) Woland
13. What does Woland say after the performance in the variety show?

A) that people have changed for the better

B) that Moscow has not changed at all, there are no new houses in it

C) that the city has changed, but the people have remained the same

D) that people have become much worse
14. Who turned Varenukha into a vampire?

A) Margaret

B) Azazello

B) Gella


D) Koroviev
15. In what institution did the foreman work before entering the hospital?

A) in a museum

B) in the hospital

B) in the theater

D) in a variety show
16. What object tormented Frida, one of the participants in the ball at Satan's?

A) a broken mirror

B) blue scarf

B) the lost necklace

D) unbuttoned bracelet
17. Who does the Master forgive at the end of the novel, saying: “Free! Now you're free!"?

A) Matthew Levi

B) Woland

C) Ivan Homeless

D) Pilate
18. What is the name of the poet Ivan Homeless at the end of the novel?

A) Ivan Sergeev

B) Ivan Ponyrev

B) Ivan Lavrentiev

D) Stepan Likhodeev

19. When does the novel take place (in both worlds)?

20. What two cities are mentioned in the novel?

21. About whom did the Master write his novel?

22. After Woland's departure, who has the same dream every year at the same time?

MBOU "Pogromskaya secondary school named after.

HELL. Bondarenko, Volokonovsky district, Belgorod region

Test based on the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

for grade 11

prepared

teacher of Russian language and literature

Morozova Alla Stanislavovna

2014

Explanatory note

The test allows you to determine the level of knowledge of students in grade 11 of the novel

M. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". The work contains questions on knowledge of the text, on knowledge of the heroes of the novel, questions on the genre and composition of the novel, on the history of the creation of the work.

Each question is given three possible answers, of which only one is correct (except for question 8 I option with 2 answers).

The presented test can be used at the final lesson on the novel by M. Bulgakov"Master and Margarita".

I option

1. Years of creation of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

1. 1930 — 1941

2. 1928 — 1940

3. 1929 — 1939

2. The novel first appeared in a magazine

1. "Moscow"

2. "Milestones"

3. "Northern Star"

3. What is the originality of the composition of the novel "The Master and Margarita"?

1. Chronological order of development of events;

2. parallel development of three storylines;

3. parallel development of two storylines.

4. What is the genre of the novel?

1. Philosophical;

2. love;

3. a novel of many genres.

5. How many days did the events of the Moscow chapters last?

12 o'Clock in the noon

2. 3 days

3. 4 days

6. In what chapter does the Master appear?

1. 11

2. 13

3. 9

7. Why is Yeshua presented as a vagabond in the novel?

1. Opposition to the biblical story;

3. the inner freedom of the hero is emphasized, opposed to the hierarchical world.

8. As an epigraph to the novel, Bulgakov chose the words of Goethe: “I am part of that force that always wants ... and always does ...”. What words are missing in this aphorism?

1. Evil;

2. truth;

3. good;

4. good.

9. The duration of the novel

1. Moscow. 20 - 30 years of the XX century;

2. Yershalaim. 1st century AD;

3. covers two eras at once.

10. Why was Pilate punished?

1. Cowardice;

2. evil;

3. conscience.

11. Who has the mission to punish vices in the novel?

1. Pontius Pilate;

2. Master;

3. Woland.

12. How are the three worlds connected in the novel?

1. Jesus Christ;

2. Woland;

3. Yeshua.

13. Who sets Pilate free?

1. Woland;

2. Master;

3. Margarita.

14. Get to know the portrait. “His mustache is like chicken feathers, his eyes are small, and his trousers are checkered, pulled up so that dirty white socks are visible.”

1. Azazello;

2. Koroviev;

3. Varenukha.

15. Get to know the portrait. “Small, fiery red, with a tuft, in a striped solid suit ... a gnawed chicken bone stuck out of his pocket.”

1. Azazello;

2. Koroviev;

3. Varenukha.

16. Yeshua spoke about the fact that "the temple of the old faith will collapse and a new temple of truth will be created." What is the meaning of this saying?

1. Yeshua - the new king of the Jews, who erected a new Temple;

2. it is not about faith, but about Truth;

17. How did Woland reward the Master?

1. Light;

2. freedom;

3. peace.

18. Who does Ivan Bezdomny become in the epilogue of the novel?

1. Professor of the Institute of History and Philosophy;

2. Professor of the Institute of Literary Studies;

3. chairman of MASSOLIT.

II option

1. How many editions of the novel did M. Bulgakov make?

1. 6

2. 8

3. 10

2. How would you define the composition of the novel?

1. "a novel within a novel"

2. circular

3. free

3. During how many days do the gospel chapters take place?

1. 2

2. 3

3. 1

4. In what year did the novel begin to be called The Master and Margarita?

1. 1935

2. 1937

3. 1940

5. What year full text novel appeared in the homeland of the writer?

1. 1970

2. 1972

3. 1973

6. Who spilled the oil on which Berlioz slipped?

1. Annushka

2. Margarita

3. Gella

7. What was the name of the building that housed MASSOLIT?

1. Pushkin's house

2. Griboedov's house

3. Lermontov's house

8. Description of which character is given in the episode: “... a man of twenty-seven years old ... was dressed in an old and torn blue tunic. His head was covered with a white bandage with a strap around his forehead, and his hands were tied behind his back. Under the left eye ... a big bruise, in the corner of the mouth - an abrasion with gore?

1. Mark Ratslayer

2. Levi Matvey

3. Yeshua Ha-Nozri

9. Whom did Margarita save from eternal torment?

1. Frosya

2. Frida

3. Francesca

10. Which of Woland's retinue had a fang?

1. the cat Behemoth

2. at Koroviev-Fagot

3. Azazello

11. Specify real name Ivan Homeless.

1. Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev

2. Ivan Ivanovich Latunsky

3. Ivan Nikolaevich Likhodeev

12. When does the novel take place?

1. spring

2. summer

3. autumn

13. Where does Woland leave Moscow with his retinue ?

1. from Sparrow Hills

2. from the Patriarch's Ponds

3. from Sadovaya

14. To what city was Styopa Likhodeev sent?

1. to Leningrad

2. to Kyiv

3. to Yalta

15. Where did Ivan Bezdomny meet the master?

1. at the Patriarch's Ponds

2. in the "madhouse"

3. in Variety

16 . Which character is shown here: “... a clean-shaven, dark-haired man with a sharp nose, worried eyes and a tuft of hair hanging over his forehead, a man of about thirty-eight years old” ?

1. What is the peculiar composition of Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" manifested in?

A) ring composition B) chronological order of events

C) a novel within a novel D) parallel development of several storylines

2. What is the specificity of the figurative system of Bulgakov's novel?

A) built on the principle of duality B) built on the principle of antithesis

C) the heroes represent two worlds: Good and Evil D) the heroes form a kind of triad

3. Genre originality novel, many literary critics define it as

"novel-myth", because ... ..

A) it is based on the mechanism of leitmotifs and associations

C) many chapters are connected with biblical images and plots

4. Many heroes of the novel are correlated with each other, have no correspondences in

The figurative system of the novel is only Margarita. Why?

A) historically there were no parallels in the biblical and other world

B) Margarita is unique, as she carries the author's idea of ​​​​eternal, devoted love

C) there is no traditional love triangle in the novel

D) because the heroine is associated with evil spirits

5. Bulgakov's satire in the novel is directed against ...

A) Soviet power B) religious figures C) Muscovites of the 20-30s

D) Woland and his retinue

A) in the Variety B) the death of Berlioz C) the meeting of the MASSOLIT D) the ball of Satan

E) the pogrom perpetrated by Margarita in the apartment of a literary critic

7. The name Woland was borrowed by Bulgakov from ...

A) Goethe "Faust" B) Gogol " Dead Souls» B) Griboedov "Woe from Wit"

8. Main character novel The Master is nameless and the nickname given to him

A) show the typicality of this image

B) indicate the direct relationship of the hero with the author

C) emphasize the weakness of the hero, his imperfection

9. Why is Yeshua presented as a vagabond in the novel?

A) it fits the biblical story

C) to counter the biblical image

D) to emphasize the poverty of the hero

10. Yeshua said that "the temple of the old faith will collapse and the temple of Truth will be created."

What is the meaning of this saying?

A) Yeshua - the new king of the Jews - will build a new Temple

B) it is not about faith, but about Truth

C) this is the meaning of the biblical parable retold by the author

Test Validation Key