Download the presentation of the fine arts of ancient Rome. Presentation on MHK "musical art of ancient Greece and Rome". Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian August

PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME

The art of Ancient Italy and Ancient Rome is divided into
three main periods:
1. Art before Roman Italy (3 thousand BC - 3 century BC);
2. Art of the Roman Republic (3-1 centuries BC);
3. Art of the Roman Empire (late 1st century BC - 5th century AD).

PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME

In ancient Rome, painting was valued much more than
sculpture. Roman palaces, public buildings,
amphitheaters were decorated with sculptures, wall
murals, mosaics and paintings.
The main pictorial subjects were myths.
But only easel painting was considered art -
as opposed to the handicraft creation of frescoes.
Unfortunately, to this day, examples of easel painting
(that is, paintings painted on canvas) of those times
not survived, we know that the leader in this genre was
portrait.

PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME

Most of the painting of ancient Rome were frescoes,
they depict the artists themselves, created and various
easel paintings. These that have survived to this day
the greatest wall paintings
testify that ancient Roman artists in
mastery of the brush. Of the surviving
monuments are frescoes from Pompeii, where we see
everyday scenes depicted in bright colors,
still lifes and mythological scenes in which
featured gods and heroes.

These frescoes were painted in I-V centuries. They illustrate all major genres
then existing painting: landscapes, still lifes, cult paintings (on
mythological and religious themes), portraits and nudes. Although
frescoes were considered more a craft than an art, no doubt many creators
wall paintings were Greeks and drew inspiration from those lost today
easel paintings.

PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME

Painting by destination (Kind):
Painting genres:
1. Household (scenes of hunting, fishing,
1. Monumental (murals of tombs -
fresco; mosaic);
2. Decorative (vase painting, ornament);
3. Easel (Fayum portrait, landscape,
still life, iconic painting(on the
mythological and religious themes),
battle, everyday scenes and nude
nature).
Material: wax paint, stone,
smalt, glass, ceramics
dances, feast scenes);
2. Battle (scenes of bloody fights,
wrestling athletes);
3. Mythological (scenes from
ancient Greek mythology, scenes
death, travel to the afterlife
kingdom, judgment on the souls of the dead);
4. Portrait;
5. Still life (middle of the 1st century).

Ancient Roman artists painted mostly on a white or black background. They are
knew some laws of perspective and achieved an imaginary expansion
space of the picture, framing it with decorative architectural
elements.
Fragment of a fresco from the Boscoreale

PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME

Landscapes, buildings, people and animals
they portrayed using almost
impressionistic techniques
overlay paint and pastels
tones. Pictures are usually decorated
corridors and walls of the dining room. They are
illuminated by a wavering light
oil lamps, which gave
they look even more fabulous.
Julius Caesar is credited with introducing
fashion for fine art exhibitions
in public places. About
I century in the capital were hundreds
famous Greek works
painters.

The tranquil scenery was meant to represent the peace and prosperity that
Emperor Augustus and his descendants after decades civil wars who ravaged the country
until the 1st century. The same idea was to be reflected in the still lifes, in which
fruits, vegetables, fish and game were depicted. This genre came to Rome from Greece
and was called xenia, just like the fruits that the Greek presented as a greeting
to your guests.

EASEL PAINTING

In a Roman easel
painting the most
common genre
was the landscape. Typical
elements of roman
landscapes: "harbours, capes,
sea coast, rivers,
fountains, straits, groves,
mountains, cattle
and shepherds."

PAINTING TECHNIQUE

Painting technique:
1. Fresco (painting after
wet plaster);
2. Tempera painting;
3. Mosaic;
4. Encaustic (wax
painting);
5. Glue painting (paints
get divorced tying them
liquid, such as glue,
egg, milk, wood
juice, and then applied to
uniform surface).

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF PAINTING

1.
2.
3.
Multifaceted
compositional construction;
Free plastic molding
figures that naturally
located in the surrounding
space, or exactly
connected with the plane of the wall;
Bright colorful combinations
(various shades) - II-I
centuries AD

Inlaid style - it was a geometric ornament that resembled a lining
walls with precious stones.

STYLES OF MONUMENTAL PAINTING

MONUMENTAL STYLES
PAINTINGS
"Architectural", or second
Pompeian style, 1st c. BC e., the walls of houses turned into
urban landscape,
which included images of the colonnades,
all kinds of porticoes and facades
buildings.
Wall art. On absolutely
smooth wall surface depicted
life-size facades
landscape background. Interior written like this
illusory, as if they
really stand around, forming
almost whole blocks.
Ferska from Boscoreale

STYLES OF MONUMENTAL PAINTING

"Candelabra Style"
(end of the 1st century BC) - 50s. 1st century n.
e.). The masters are back
flat decorative
ornaments. Among architectural
forms were dominated by light openwork
buildings reminiscent of
high metal
candelabra, between them
prisoners were placed in frames
pictures ("Narcissus"). Their stories
unpretentious and simple, often
associated with pastoral life.
Fresco painting "Narcissus"

STYLES OF MONUMENTAL PAINTING

Ornamental and decorative - light,
graphic patterns, small paintings
located against the backdrop of extensive
spaces.
Golden House of Emperor Nero

MONUMENTAL PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME (FRESCO)

fresco of Pompeii

Fresco "Isis and Io" from the temple of Isis in Pompeii

fresco of Pompeii

The abduction of Europe. fresco of Pompeii

fresco of Pompeii

MONUMENTAL PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME (FRESCO)

fresco of Pompeii

MONUMENTAL PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME (FRESCO)

fresco of Pompeii

MONUMENTAL PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME (FRESCO)

fresco of Pompeii

Portrait of the spouses. Fresco from Pompeii

MONUMENTAL PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME (FRESCO)

From the middle of the 1st c. in pictorial
art began to form a genre
still life. Arising in the late classic
4th century BC e. and brilliantly developed in
Hellenistic era, still life has now acquired
new meaning. It appeared "high" and
"low" directions. Romans often
depicted butcher shops in which they hang
animal carcasses. However, they also wrote deeply
symbolic works full of secret
meaning. This kind of painting was done
in the tomb of Vestorius Priscus in Pompeii. IN
the center of the composition is a golden table on the background
scarlet drapery. On the table are silver
graceful vessels - all paired,
arranged strictly symmetrically: jugs,
horns for wine, scoops, bowls. All these
objects seem to be grouped around
central crater - vessel for
mixing wine and water, god incarnate
fertility of Dionysus-Liber.
Peaches and a glass jug. Fresco from Herculaneum. About 50 g.
Fresco

MONUMENTAL PAINTING OF ANCIENT ROME (MOSAIC)

It is impossible to imagine without a Roman mosaic
ancient roman art. Compositions of mosaic floors
from colored stones, smalt, glass, ceramics
found throughout ancient Rome.
The oldest mosaic examples of Roman laying,
found at archaeological excavations, refer to IV
century BC During the heyday of the Roman Empire
mosaic has become the most common way of decor
interior, both palaces and public baths,
and private atriums.

POINTS OF ROMAN MOSAICS

Plots of Roman mosaics
are limitless and range from
relatively simple ornaments
to multi-figured artistic
paintings with complex
spatial orientation.
Wreaths of grape leaves and
hunting scenes with detailed
animal pictures,
mythological characters and
heroic campaigns, love
stories and genre scenes from
everyday life, marine
travel and military battles,
theatrical masks and dance steps. Selecting a scene for a specific
mosaics was determined or by the customer
(sometimes the mosaic captured even
portrait of the owner of the house, for example),
or purpose of the building.

Mosaics were used in ancient Rome
to decorate almost any
significant buildings - urban and
country villas of the nobility, urban
term, palaces.
Athletes. Mosaic of the floor of the Baths of Caracalla, 3rd century BC

MONUMENTAL PAINTING (MOSAIC)

Characteristics
stone mosaic:
Background elements of Roman mosaics are light
and large enough, formed
monophonic stones with a chaotic
stacking in no particular order.
Elements of drawings and figures are smaller,
but often still large for the selected
drawing.
Color variety depends on
the possibilities of a master in some
specific settlement or financial
customer opportunities.
If the mosaics of large palaces sometimes
amaze with the sophistication of colors,
then small compositions seem
limited choice of colors.

MONUMENTAL PAINTING (MOSAIC)

Ancient Roman stained glass mosaic
Mosaic of Ancient Rome. 1st-4th centuries AD

The art of composing stone
mosaics began with simple
patterns of colored pebbles, which
the ancient Greeks decorated the interior
courtyards of their houses. Later at
interior design of palaces and
temples began to use granite,
marble, semi-precious and even
gems. First
laid out the floors, from the second created
amazingly beautiful panels.
The villas of the nobles of ancient Rome were decorated with marble floors and mosaics.
from multi-colored stone in the form of a complex ornament and whole paintings with
mythological plots

FLOOR STONE MOSAIC OF ANCIENT ROME

Thanks to these properties
stone as strength,
fracture resistance and
aging, we can still today
admire fragments
amazing mosaic floors
in ancient monuments
architecture preserved in
territory of Hellas. For example, in
temple of Zeus (V century BC)
images of sea deities
framed ornaments
composed of small (about 1 cm in
diameter) chopped pieces
stones of different colors. So
appeared one of the main
mosaic making technique
drawings - typesetting.
Roman mosaic. Koln. Ceramics and stone

FLOOR MOSAIC OF ANCIENT ROME

Roman floor mosaics in the villa
Romano del Casale in Piazza Armerina is a unique "window" into the ancient world.
The resulting surface or
polished, or if it was on
a sufficient distance from the viewer,
left rough. Seams between
cubes could differ in thickness,
what gave the image the effect
volume.

MONUMENTAL PAINTING (MOSAIC)

Battle of Alexander the Great with Darius III at Issus. Mosaic from the House of the Faun
in Pompeii. Naples. National Museum

Alexander the Great. Mosaic fragment from Pompeii

MONUMENTAL PAINTING (MOSAIC)

Battle of centaurs with predators. Mosaic of Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli. Berlin.
State Museum

MONUMENTAL PAINTING (MOSAIC)

Deer hunting.

Dionysus.
Mosaic from the palace of the Macedonian kings in Pella

MONUMENTAL PAINTING (MOSAIC)

Mosaic of a Roman villa depicting a scene of fishing in the garden

MONUMENTAL PAINTING (MOSAIC)

Mosaic of a Roman villa depicting a scene with animals

Ancient Roman artists sought
to maximum similarity
images of people. An example
famous people can do it
Fayum portraits (I-III centuries). They are
formed under the influence
Greco-Roman tradition.
They were usually depicted
representatives of the Roman elite, about which
evidence of clothing, jewelry
and hairstyles of the people depicted.

EASEL PAINTING (Fayum portrait)

And these perfectly preserved
in the desert painting, according to
specialists cannot be named
exclusively local
phenomenon - art
painting in the Apennine
peninsula reached such
the same high level, though
and has not reached our days.
Portrait of an elderly man. Encaustic. End of the 1st century AD

EASEL PAINTING (Fayum portrait)

FAYUM PORTRAIT (by name
Fayoum oasis in Egypt, where they were first
found and described). These are posthumous
paintings of the dead
created using the encaustic technique in the Roman
Egypt I-III centuries. Got their name
at the site of the first major find in
Fayum oasis in 1887 by the British
expedition led by Flinders Petrie.
They are an element of a modified
Greco-Roman influence of the local
funerary tradition: the portrait replaces
traditional funeral mask
mummies. are in the collection of many
museums around the world, including the British
museum, the Louvre and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in
New York.

EASEL PAINTING (Fayum portrait)

Fayum portrait distinguished
volumetric black and white modeling of ceramic dishes of Ancient Rome. Here were
widely distributed vessels with embossed
ornament, covered with transparent glaze.
Roman builders widely used ceramics, from
it is performed by complex architectural details.
Ancient Roman vase painting. Red-figure style

ORNAMENT
ANCIENT ROME
Ornament in the costume:
The color scheme in the Roman costume is bright,
colorful, primary colors are purple, brown,
yellow. In the period of the Empire, the color scheme
acquires a complex, refined character in
shades and combinations of colors: light blue and
green with white, light purple with yellow,
grayish blue, pinkish lilac.
Late Roman textiles were geometric
ornamentation - circles, squares, rhombuses with
rosettes inscribed in them, quatrefoils,
stylized leaves of ivy, acanthus, oak, laurel,
garlands of flowers. The patterns were embroidered or woven
two or three colors, which, together with gold decor
gave the fabric a special splendor and luxury.

ORNAMENT
ANCIENT ROME
Many forms of decor were borrowed from the Greeks
the ancient Romans. Having adopted from the Greeks many
ornamental motifs, the Romans creatively
reworked according to their tastes and mentality.
In the ornament, a fundamentally new for
ancient culture quality - it appears
"personal" interaction of characters among themselves.
The main Roman elements of ornamentation are
leaves of acanthus, oak, laurel, climbing shoots,
ears, fruits, flowers, figurines of people and animals,
masks, skulls, sphinxes, griffins, etc. Along with
they depicted vases, military trophies,
flowing ribbons, etc. Often they have
real shape. Ornamentation carried in itself and
certain symbols, allegory: the oak was considered
symbol of the highest heavenly deity, the eagle -
the symbol of Jupiter, etc.

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Culture of Ancient Rome World art culture Lesson-presentation Vasilyeva O.N. Lomovskaya secondary school Dyudkovo 2009

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Worship of the gods The Romans revered the gods of fate, cities, the patron spirits of each person. The gods of the hearth occupied a special place in their beliefs. To perform rituals in honor of the household gods, the Roman family gathered around the home altar. Lararia were built in the houses - something like a small chapel, where there were wax statuettes of Lares (patrons of the house) and Penates (guardians of the hearth and food supplies). The head of the family placed honey cakes, wine, flowers in front of the altar, or threw the part of the dinner intended for the gods into the flames of the hearth. The cult of the Genius, the patron of the emperor and all men, was of national importance. Juno patronized women.

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Rome During the heyday of the Empire, the Roman type of urban planning spread: the city consisted of residential areas, public buildings, squares (forums) and artisans' districts. The Romans learned how to make a concrete-type material from lime mortar, crushed stone and volcanic sand, which made it possible to build massive and durable structures. From the Etruscans, the Romans took such architectural elements as the arch and vault. The Romans borrowed architectural orders from the Greeks.

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Appian Way Roman roads were of great strategic importance, they united different parts of the country. The Appian Way leading to Rome (VI-III centuries BC, named after the builder - the censor Appius Claudius Caecus) for the movement of cohorts and messengers was the first of the network of roads that later covered all of Italy. Near the Aricci valley, the road, paved with a thick layer of concrete, rubble, lava and tuff slabs, went because of the terrain along a massive wall (197 m long, 11 m high), dissected in the lower part by three through arched spans for mountain waters.

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Aqueducts and viaducts Gradually, Rome becomes the most water-rich city in the world. Powerful bridges and aqueducts (the aqueduct of Appius Claudius, 311 BC, the aqueduct of Marcius, 144 BC), running tens of kilometers, took a prominent place in the architecture of the city, in the appearance of its picturesque surroundings. ., from “water” and “lead”) - a bridge with a grooved water supply and arched spans, sometimes in several tiers in places where the earth's surface is lowered. VIADUK (Latin, from “path, road” and “I lead”) - a bridge along which a section of the road passes at its intersection with a ravine, gorge, another road, etc.

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Baths Public baths (terms) were equipped with a gym, playgrounds, pools with hot, warm and cold water. The baths were a favorite resting place for the Romans. There they did physical exercises, exchanged news. Olive oil was rubbed into the skin instead of soap. After the steam room, they plunged into a pool of cold water. Then they did a massage and went home for dinner.

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The Roman Forum The center of life in Rome, the capital of the empire, was the square lying between two hills - the Capitol and the Palatine. It was called Forum Romanum. People's meetings were held here, at which laws were discussed, issues of war and peace were decided, and trade deals were concluded. On the square there were buildings decorated with marble and bronze statues, columns and arches that were erected in honor of the victories of the Roman emperors and generals.

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Triumphal arches Triumphal arch of Constantine. IV century. Rome. The Arch of the Emperor Titus was built in honor of his expedition over rebellious Palestine. A bronze sculptural group was hoisted on it: Titus, accompanied by the goddess of food, Victoria, sat on a chariot drawn by four horses. The bottom arches were called triumphal, as they were associated with a triumph - the solemn entry of the conqueror into the city. The custom of erecting triumphal arches spread throughout Europe.

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Trajan's Column In addition to arches, monumental columns were also built in Rome. Such is Trajan's column (architect Apollodorus), erected in 113 in honor of the victory of the Romans over the Dacians. The column, built of 17 drums of Carrara marble, towered 30 meters and was crowned with a bronze statue of Emperor Trajan. Outside, the column was finished with marble slabs with reliefs of the most important episodes of the war with the Dacians. This sculptural ribbon, about 22 meters long, encircles the entire column.

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Pantheon - the temple of all the gods For many centuries, this temple was an unsurpassed example of a building crowned with a dome. The grandiose round space of the temple is covered with a spherical cup of the dome with a diameter of 43.2 m. In the center of the dome there is a window with a diameter of 9 m, through which streams of sunlight pour. The entire weight of the huge dome is supported by eight massive pylons hidden in the wall. They are connected to each other by a system of brick arches. The wide stone pediment of the portico rests on 8 columns. The Pantheon is considered the most perfect example of Roman architecture both technically and artistically.

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Colosseum During the imperial Flavian dynasty in 75-80 years. a grandiose amphitheater was built in the center of Rome. In the Middle Ages, it received the name "Coliseum" - from the Latin word "colossus" - colossal. The Colosseum is a huge oval bowl measuring 188x156 m with rows of seats that descend to the center - the arena. There were fights of gladiators, fights of people with animals. Up to 56 thousand spectators could watch them. The structure is surrounded by a powerful wall. It is divided into 4 tiers, consisting of pillars and arches. Each tier was decorated with columns of various types: the lower - Doric, the second - Ionic, the third - Corinthian. The fourth tier was a blank wall, dissected by Corinthian pilasters - ledges. So the Roman architect skillfully and in his own way used the Greek order system, supplementing it with Roman elements - an arch and a vault.

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Sculptural portrait The Romans borrowed from the Etruscans the custom of honoring dead ancestors. A plaster or wax mask was removed from the face of the deceased and exhibited in the front room. During the funeral procession, the masks of not only the deceased, but also the ancestors were carried behind the coffin. This custom taught the Romans to see in the portrait not an ideal hero, but a real person, to appreciate the authenticity of the sculptural portrait.

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Sculptural portrait In II-I centuries. BC e. the Roman high nobility was granted the right to erect their statues in public places. They depicted specific people, and the sculptors sought to convey an external resemblance, but without idealization.

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Frescoes Wall frescoes - true masterpieces of painting - were found in the so-called Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii. They depict not only the characters of myths, participants in the initiation into the cult of the god Dionysus, but also the mistress of the villa, the girl serving her, the winged goddess. Roman frescoes often repeated the paintings of the Greek masters. Landscapes, gardens and parks, cities and temples, birds and animals are depicted in these paintings.

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Frescoes Fresco "Spring" from the city of Stabiae, near Pompeii. The girl, symbolizing spring, moves away from the viewer into the depths of space, breathing coolness and freshness. In her left hand she holds a cornucopia, and with her right she gently touches a flower rising from the ground. Her golden-yellow cape, brown hair and pink tone of her bare shoulders wonderfully harmonize with the bright green background of the flowering meadow. The joy associated with the arrival of spring, with the warm spring sun, the fragrance of blossoming nature, the feeling of lightness of the girl’s movements, as if floating through the air, permeate the entire pictorial composition.

All information about ancient Roman music known modern people, obtained from the literary sources of the ancient era, as well as monuments of fine art of that time. Unfortunately, not a single original musical edition has survived to this day.

Music was important in the everyday life of the ancient Romans, and it developed on the basis of principles that arose even during the Hellenistic period. However, not only the Greeks influenced given art, a lot of different nuances were adopted from the eastern peoples during the campaigns in their countries. In general, the Etruscan culture, which already had a tremendous impact on ancient Roman civilization, to a lesser extent determined the musical principles and foundations of the Romans, since the Etruscans themselves developed this type of art slowly and they did not betray it much importance.

Initially, Roman music was a rather original art, most of the existing genres were associated with the themes of daily activities. The most common were priestly tunes, which can be described as songs and dances in honor of various gods, most often they were performed in the form of prayer chants, in which the Romans called for a rich harvest or good luck in military campaigns. Horace and Virgil became the most popular poets of their time, their poetic creations were sung to plucked musical instruments.

The musical art of Ancient Rome received a very rapid development, to a greater extent this was due to the popularity theatrical productions. At that time, they were characterized by the genre of pantomime, which combined practical jokes theater scenes, dancing, as well as orchestral playing and choral singing. A number of thinkers and expert theorists on the art of the ancient era noticed that most of all musical performances, borrowed by the Romans from the Greeks, lost their original meaning and served only one purpose - the entertainment of the crowd.

Already in the 1st century AD, the ancient Roman emperor Domitian invented and approved a new type of competition, during which virtuosos of musical art competed in playing the harps and singing.

Passion for music in ancient Rome was characteristic of all segments of the population. The representatives of the nobility, of course, had incomparably more opportunities, and they could afford to keep musical instruments at home, for example, water organ predecessors. The richest Romans acquired entire orchestras of slaves, allowing them to enjoy themselves at any convenient time. In fact, every member of a wealthy family had to learn either vocal art or playing some musical instrument, so the profession of a music teacher at that time was not only very common, but also enjoyed universal respect. All significant holidays and major celebrations, as well as gladiator fights, were accompanied by music and chants.

Kithara and aulos, which are the main variety of the lyre of the ancient period and the progenitor of the oboe, were the most common ancient Roman musical instruments. This was again influenced by the borrowing of principles and foundations musical culture the Greeks at the time of their conquest. Among the wealthy classes, hydraulics were also especially popular - water keyboard-wind instruments, very close to modern organs. In the army, the popularity of music was no exception to the rule, but there the most widespread

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Architecture

The capital of the Roman Empire and other large cities were decorated with magnificent large buildings - temples, palaces, "basilicas", porticos for promenades, as well as different kind buildings for public entertainment, theaters, amphitheatres, circuses.

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hallmark cities had stone pavements, water pipes ("aqueducts"), sewerage.

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Sculpture

In ancient Rome, sculpture was limited mainly to historical relief and portraits, but fine arts with an illusory interpretation of volumes and forms - fresco, mosaic, easel painting, which were poorly common among the Greeks, were developed.

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Emperor Augustus
Claudius.

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Capitoline she-wolf 5th century BC Palazzo Conservatori Rome, Italy
Goddess Graces c. 200 BC

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The science

Roman science was mainly applied in nature. For this reason, it was the Roman numeration and the Julian calendar that received worldwide distribution.

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The Julian calendar was developed by a group of Alexandrian astronomers led by Sosigenes and introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. e. The Julian calendar was based on the culture of the chronology of Ancient Egypt.

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Jurisprudence and agricultural sciences reached a special flowering, a large number of works were devoted to architecture and urban planning and military equipment.

Mark Terence Varro
Lucius Annaeus Seneca

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Among the prominent physicians of Ancient Rome are:
Dioscorides - pharmacologist and one of the founders of botany,
Soran of Ephesus - obstetrician and pediatrician,
Claudius Galen is a talented anatomist who discovered the functions of nerves and the brain.

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Holidays

The ancient Romans celebrated more than 50 holidays a year.

The largest religious holidays were those associated with the cult of agricultural gods:

Vinalia - the festival of the grape harvest,
Saturnalia - the festival of crops,
lupercalia - the feast of the shepherds, etc.

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The earliest Roman civil holiday was the feast of the Roman Games.
Gladiator fights are developing unusually in Rome.
In the event that the wounded gladiator remained alive, his fate was decided by the public.

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Cloth

The tunic and toga are the basis of the ancient Roman men's costume. The Roman costume is complemented by half boots or sandals with backs.

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Jewelry: rings, rings made of various metals, which are worn 5-6 pieces on each finger.

The “head of Titus” hairstyle made of short curls with sideburns, named after the Roman emperor Titus Vespasian, went down in history.

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The women's tunic did not differ in cut from the men's. The top women's clothing was a draped cloak - palla.
Hairstyle - high, on a fan-shaped frame, with artificial hair overlays.
Roman women's shoes are soft shoes made of colored leather, trimmed with embroidery or metal plaques.

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The suits matched bright colours- red, purple, brown, purple, yellow.
The dress color was white.
Late Roman fabrics had geometric ornamentation - circles, squares, rhombuses, etc.

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Homework

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"Culture of Rome" - Monuments of the culture of the era. Assignments for independent work. Baths - baths that played a significant role in the life of the Romans. Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre). Culture of Ancient Rome. Bright personalities of the era. The Colosseum is a majestic amphitheater where gladiatorial fights took place. The Baths of Caracalla were located on an area of 11 hectares.

"Slavery in Ancient Rome" - Or maybe I squeezed out the wrong thing? Leave your mark in the "eternal city": The Ballad of a Slave Author: Yuri Rozvadovsky. I've been squeezing a slave for many years. Main question: "Labor and life of slaves in Rome", p.228. Meet Freedom! ? Slaves are not us? Homework: For one denarius - a big sheep. We are looking for answers in the textbook: Valery Bryusov.

"Ancient Rome MHK" - Forum. Trajan's Column 114 BC. Plan of Rome. Interior of the Pantheon. Flavian Amphitheater (Coliseum - Colosseum) Reconstruction. Roman Forum in the 4th century. Forum of Trajan Reconstruction. The marble pedestal of Trajan's Column, excavated at the beginning of the 18th century, turned out to be three meters below the building level. August Forum.

"Roman Law" - The seller and the buyer invited five witnesses and the holder of the vault. Roman citizenship was acquired by birth from a full father and mother. Roman jurists gave a definition of property rights. Sources. Sentenced to death, according to custom, was thrown from the Tarpeian rock. Important: Examples of Roman law.

"Slavery in Rome" - Using the map, tell about one of the Roman conquests. In big cities. Combined lesson plan. Slave children. Origins of Slavery in Ancient Rome. Who are we talking about: 1. With what goals did Rome wage wars in the 2nd century BC? What do the dates say? The use of slave labor in ancient Rome. In the center of Rome. Consolidation of the studied material.

"History of Rome" - Roman culture. Usual life cities. Roman legal norms are reflected in the laws of many European states. Under the rule of Rome were countries with an ancient and developed culture. Gladiator battles took place in the arena of the Colosseum. Beginning of Rome. Sic transit gloria mundi. Civilizational heritage of Rome.

In total there are 19 presentations in the topic