Joseph Haydn

(1732-1809), Austrian composer.


The beginning of the creative path


  • From 1753 to 1756, Haydn worked as an accompanist for Porpora and at the same time studied the basics of composition. In 1759, he received a place as a chapel conductor from the Czech Count Morcin. At the same time, he wrote the first symphony, which was a great success and won him the sympathy of Prince Esterhazy, who offered Haydn the place of bandmaster in his orchestra.
  • The musician accepted this offer in 1761 and served with the prince for 30 years.


  • In addition to symphonies, the composer wrote 22 operas, 19 masses, 83 string quartets, 44 piano sonatas and many other works.
  • In the region of instrumental music Haydn is considered one of the greatest composers of the turn of the 18th-19th centuries.


  • In 1781, during a stay in Vienna, Haydn met and became friends with Mozart.
  • Mozart considered Haydn a spiritual teacher

Vein. Monument to Haydn

  • The composer died in Vienna on May 31, 1809.
  • Vein. There is a church on the Mariahilferstrasse shopping street itself.
  • And in front of the church is a monument to Haydn.

  • The house of Haydn himself stands inside the quarter, in a lane that was once called Steingasse, and is now proudly called Haydngasse ("gasse" means "lane").
  • At the end of the 18th century it was a suburb of Vienna - Gumpendorf, and life here was even quieter than now.
  • The gray house, marked with flags, is the house of Haydn, bought by him for honest earnings from the princes of Esterhazy.

  • 104 symphonies,
  • 83 string quartets,
  • 52 clavier sonatas,
  • 24 operas,
  • 14 masses
  • several oratorios

Manchuk Anastasia

First course

School of Music

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Franz Joseph Haydn(1732 - 1809) great Austrian composer, representative of the Vienna classical school, one of the founders of the symphony and string quartet.

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Lower Austria - Haydn's birthplace Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never named himself Franz) was born on March 31, 1732 in the Lower Austrian village of Rorau in the family of Matthias Haydn (1699-1763).

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His parents were seriously interested in vocals and music. They discovered musical abilities in their son. At the age of 5, he arrived with relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Donau. There Josef began to study choral singing and music. Hainburg an der Donau

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When Josef was 7 years old, Kapellmeister von Reuter, passing through Hainburg, accidentally heard his voice. He took the boy with him and placed him in the chapel of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. There Haydn studied singing, playing the harpsichord and the violin. French harpsichord 17th century Study in Vienna

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Youth Until the age of 18, he performed soprano parts with great success, and not only in the cathedral, but also at court. He took part in the funeral of Antonio Vivaldi in 1741. At the age of 17, Josef's voice began to break, and he was kicked out of the choir.

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During a difficult decade, Haydn filled in the gaps in his musical education. He studied composition theory diligently. He wrote sonatas for harpsichord. His first major works were two brevis masses, F-dur and G-dur, the opera Lame Demon (not preserved); about a dozen quartets (1755), the first symphony (1759).

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Haydn conducts a string quartet In 1759, the composer received the post of Kapellmeister at the court of Count Carl von Morzin. For his orchestra, the composer composed his first symphonies. Haydn is one of the founders of the symphony and the string quartet.

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Service at Esterhazy. Friendship with Mozart In 1761 he became the second Kapellmeister at the court of the Esterhazy princes, the most influential and powerful aristocratic families in Austria. The responsibilities of the bandmaster included composing music, directing the orchestra, playing chamber music in front of the patron and staging operas. During a 30-year career at the court of Esterhazy, the composer composed a large number of works, his fame is growing. In 1781, during a stay in Vienna, Haydn met and became friends with Mozart. (1756-1791)

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Free musician again. Introduction to Beethoven. In 1790, Prince Nikolai Esterhazy died, and his son, not being a music lover, disbanded the orchestra. In 1791 Haydn received a contract to work in England. Subsequently, he worked extensively in Austria and Great Britain. Two trips to London, where he wrote his best symphonies for Solomon's concerts, further strengthened Haydn's fame. Passing through Bonn in 1792, he met the young Beethoven and took him on as an apprentice. (1770-1827)

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"Creation of the World" Haydn tried his hand at all kinds of musical composition. In the field of instrumental music, he is considered one of the greatest composers of the second half of the 18th and early XIX centuries. Haydn's greatness as a composer was manifested to the maximum in his two final works: the great oratorios - The Creation of the World (1798) and The Seasons (1801).

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"The Seasons" (1801). The oratorio "The Seasons" can serve as an exemplary standard of musical classicism. Work on oratorios undermined the strength of the composer. His last works were Harmoniemesse (1802) and an unfinished string quartet op. 103 (1802). The last sketches date back to 1806, after which date Haydn did not write anything.

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When, in 1803, due to nervous exhaustion, he stopped writing music and very rarely appeared in public, he ordered business cards to be made with a quote from his song "The Old Man": "All my strength has dried up; I am old and weak" ... - Joseph Haydn. Business card old Haydn

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732 - 1809) great Austrian
composer,
representative of the Vienna
classical school,
one of the founders
symphony and string quartet.

Lower Austria - the birthplace of Haydn

Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never named himself Franz)
born March 31, 1732
in the Lower Austrian village of Rorau in the family of Matthias Haydn (1699-1763).

Hainburg an der Donau

His parents were seriously interested in vocals and music.
They discovered musical abilities in their son.
At the age of 5, he arrived with relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Donau.
There Josef began to study choral singing and music.

Studying in Vienna

When Josef was 7 years old, Kapellmeister von Reuther,
passing through Hainburg, I accidentally heard his voice.
He took the boy with him and placed him in the chapel of the cathedral
St. Stephen in Vienna.
There Haydn studied singing, playing the harpsichord and the violin.
French
harpsichord
17th century

Youth

Until the age of 18 he is with great success
sang soprano parts, and
only in the cathedral, but also at court.
Took part in the funeral
Antonio Vivaldi in 1741.
At the age of 17, Josef began to break down
voice, and he was kicked out of the choir.

Difficult decade

Haydn filled in the gaps in his musical education.
He studied composition theory diligently.
He wrote sonatas for harpsichord.
His first major works were
two masses brevis, F-dur and G-dur,
the opera Lame Demon (not preserved);
about a dozen quartets (1755),
first symphony (1759).

Haydn conducts a string quartet

In 1759, the composer received the post of bandmaster
at the court of Count Carl von Morzin.
For his orchestra, the composer composed his first
symphonies.
Haydn - one of the founders of the symphony and the string
quartet.

Service at Esterhazy. Friendship with Mozart

(1756-1791)
In 1761 he became the second Kapellmeister at
court of the Esterhazy princes, the most influential and
powerful aristocratic families
Austria.
The duties of the bandmaster included
composing music,
orchestra leadership,
chamber music in front of the patron
and staging operas.
For a 30-year career at the Esterhazy court
the composer composed many
works, his fame is growing. In 1781
year during his stay in Vienna Haydn
met and became friends with Mozart.

Free musician again. Introduction to Beethoven.

In 1790, Prince Nikolai Esterhazy died, and
his son, not being a music lover,
disbanded the orchestra.
In 1791 Haydn received a contract for
work in England.
Subsequently, he worked extensively in Austria and
UK.
Two trips to London where he is for concerts
Solomon wrote his best symphonies, more
more strengthened the glory of Haydn.
Passing through Bonn in 1792, he
met the young Beethoven and took him
into students.
(1770-1827)

"World creation"

Haydn tried his hand at all kinds of musical
essays. In the field of instrumental music, he is considered
one of the greatest composers of the second half of the 18th and
early nineteenth centuries. The greatness of Haydn as a composer
was most evident in his two final writings:
large oratorios - "Creation of the World" (1798) and "Times
year" (1801).

"The Seasons" (1801).

Oratorio "The Seasons"
serve as a model
musical classicism.
Work on oratorios undermined
composer's strength.
His last works
steel "Harmoniemesse" (1802) and
unfinished string quartet
op. 103 (1802).
The latest sketches are for
1806, after this date Haydn
no longer wrote anything.

Business card of old Haydn

When, in 1803, due to nervous exhaustion, he stopped
write music and very rarely appeared in public, he ordered
make business cards with a quote from your song
"The Old Man": "All my strength has run out; I am old and weak"... Joseph Haydn.

Vein. Monument to Haydn

Composer passed away
in Vienna on May 31, 1809.
Vein. On the very
shopping street
Mariahilferstrasse
the church stands. And before
church - monument
Haydn.

Vein. Haydn's house

The house of Haydn himself stands
inside the block, in the alley that
was once called Steingasse, and
now proudly called Haidngasse
("gasse" means "lane"). In the end
18th century it was a suburb of Vienna Gumpendorf, and life was still here
quieter than now. gray
a house marked with flags is
there is Haydn's house, bought by him for
honest earnings from the princes of Esterhazy.

Haydn's creative legacy

104 symphonies,
83 string quartets,
52 clavier sonatas,
24 operas,
14 masses
several oratorios

slide 1

slide 2

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732 - 1809) was a great Austrian composer, representative of the Vienna Classical School, one of the founders of the symphony and the string quartet.

slide 3

Lower Austria - Haydn's birthplace Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never named himself Franz) was born on March 31, 1732 in the Lower Austrian village of Rorau in the family of Matthias Haydn (1699-1763).

slide 4

His parents were seriously interested in vocals and music. They discovered musical abilities in their son. At the age of 5, he arrived with relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Donau. There Josef began to study choral singing and music. Hainburg an der Donau

slide 5

When Josef was 7 years old, Kapellmeister von Reuter, passing through Hainburg, accidentally heard his voice. He took the boy with him and placed him in the chapel of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. There Haydn studied singing, playing the harpsichord and the violin. French harpsichord 17th century Study in Vienna

slide 6

Youth Until the age of 18, he performed soprano parts with great success, and not only in the cathedral, but also at court. He took part in the funeral of Antonio Vivaldi in 1741. At the age of 17, Josef's voice began to break, and he was kicked out of the choir.

Slide 7

During a difficult decade, Haydn filled in the gaps in his musical education. He studied composition theory diligently. He wrote sonatas for harpsichord. His first major works were two brevis masses, F-dur and G-dur, the opera Lame Demon (not preserved); about a dozen quartets (1755), the first symphony (1759).

Slide 8

Haydn conducts a string quartet In 1759, the composer received the post of Kapellmeister at the court of Count Carl von Morzin. For his orchestra, the composer composed his first symphonies. Haydn is one of the founders of the symphony and the string quartet.

Slide 9

Service at Esterhazy. Friendship with Mozart In 1761 he became the second Kapellmeister at the court of the Esterhazy princes, the most influential and powerful aristocratic families in Austria. The responsibilities of the bandmaster included composing music, directing the orchestra, playing chamber music in front of the patron and staging operas. During a 30-year career at the court of Esterhazy, the composer composed a large number of works, his fame is growing. In 1781, during a stay in Vienna, Haydn met and became friends with Mozart. (1756-1791)

slide 10

Free musician again. Introduction to Beethoven. In 1790, Prince Nikolai Esterhazy died, and his son, not being a music lover, disbanded the orchestra. In 1791 Haydn received a contract to work in England. Subsequently, he worked extensively in Austria and Great Britain. Two trips to London, where he wrote his best symphonies for Solomon's concerts, further strengthened Haydn's fame. Passing through Bonn in 1792, he met the young Beethoven and took him on as an apprentice. (1770-1827)

slide 11

"Creation of the World" Haydn tried his hand at all kinds of musical composition. In the field of instrumental music, he is considered one of the greatest composers of the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Haydn's greatness as a composer was manifested to the maximum in his two final works: the great oratorios - The Creation of the World (1798) and The Seasons (1801).

slide 12

"The Seasons" (1801). The oratorio "The Seasons" can serve as an exemplary standard of musical classicism. Work on oratorios undermined the strength of the composer. His last works were Harmoniemesse (1802) and an unfinished string quartet op. 103 (1802). The last sketches date back to 1806, after which date Haydn did not write anything.

slide 13

When, in 1803, due to nervous exhaustion, he stopped writing music and very rarely appeared in public, he ordered business cards to be made with a quote from his song "The Old Man": "All my strength has dried up; I am old and weak" ... - Joseph Haydn. Business card of old Haydn

Franz Joseph Haydn () is an Austrian representative of the Viennese classical school. Born March 31, 1732 in Lower Austria, in a small town Rorau.




St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna Little Josef attracted the attention of musicians at the age of five. Haydn had excellent hearing, memory, sense of rhythm. His sonorous silvery voice led everyone into admiration. Thanks to his outstanding musical abilities, the boy first got into the church choir of the small town of Gainburg, and then into the choir chapel at St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.


Singing in the choir was very good for Haydn, but the only school. The boy's abilities developed rapidly, and difficult solo parts began to be entrusted to him. Josef was quick-witted and quickly perceived everything new. He even found time to play the violin and clavichord and achieved significant success.






Haydn contributed to the formation of classical genres - symphony, sonata, instrumental concerto, quartet, as well as sonata form. He finally approved the classical principles of the construction of the sonata-symphony cycle. In the work of Haydn, a permanent composition of a string quartet has developed, which has become a characteristic representative of chamber instrumental music: 2 violins, viola, cello. Haydn also approved the classic - doubles - composition symphony orchestra: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, a pair of timpani and a string quintet: 2 groups of violins (I and II), violas, cellos and double basses. Occasionally, clarinets appear in Haydn's symphonies.


Haydn wrote music in the most various genres: 104 symphonies; A huge number of chamber ensembles (83 quartets, trios); Over 30 concertos for various instruments, incl. and clavier; Works for solo clavier: 52 sonatas, rondos, variations; 24 operas; 2 oratorios: "The Creation of the World" and "The Seasons"; About 50 songs; 14 months


Haydn's art is closely connected with the Enlightenment, which is manifested in: the rational basis of his work; harmony, balance and thoughtfulness of all components artistic image; connection with folklore. Haydn's work is a kind of folklore anthology different peoples(Austrian, German, Hungarian, Slavic, French); optimistic structure of works. Cheerful, energetic, cheerful, Haydn's music instills faith in a person's strength, supports his desire for happiness.




The vast majority of Haydn's symphonies are bright, optimistic, and in major. Haydn also has "serious", dramatic symphonies - these are minor symphonies of the 1760s - 70s. This time was marked by quarrels between Haydn and Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy, who was not satisfied with the overly tragic, in his opinion, tone of Haydn's music. During his service with Prince Esterhazy, Haydn wrote most of his operas, quartets and symphonies. In total, Haydn created 104 symphonies! Esterhazy Palace on Wallnerstrasse Vienna Miklos Joseph Esterhazy


Haydn's top creations also include his oratorios - The Creation of the World, The Seasons. The plot of the "Creation of the World" is extremely simple and naive. The first two parts of the oratorio tell about the emergence of the world by the will of God. The third and last part is about the paradise life of Adam and Eve before the fall. The oratorio The Four Seasons should be recognized as an even more significant work by Haydn than The Creation of the World. In 4 parts of the oratorio, the composer depicts all the seasons and compares pictures of nature with pictures of peasant life.


Conclusion creative path Haydn turned out to be extremely long. Under Haydn, the activities of Bach and his sons proceeded, under him Gluck carried out his operatic reform, he communicated with Mozart, whom he considered the first composer of the world (in turn, Mozart dedicated 6 quartets to Haydn). During Haydn's lifetime, most of the symphonies of Beethoven were written, who took lessons from him in his youth. Haydn died shortly before the young Schubert began composing his songs. Even in his declining years, the composer was an unusually fresh and cheerful person, full of creative energy and youthful enthusiasm.


The last years the composer spent on the outskirts of Vienna, in a small house. A quiet and secluded dwelling was visited by admirers of the composer's talent. The conversations touched on the past. Haydn especially liked to recall his hard, laboring youth, but full of bold, persistent searches. House in Vienna where Haydn spent last years of his life, is now a museum


List of sources used