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Sofia - main character comedy by A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". This is an image that, from the moment the comedy was born to the present day, causes the greatest number of disputes, interpretations, and discrepancies. It is known that A. S. Pushkin believed: "Sophia is not clearly inscribed ..." Nemirovich-Danchenko, on the contrary, spoke of the extreme accuracy and completeness of the image. But, perhaps, the most complete contradiction of Sophia's character was revealed by I. A. Goncharov in his famous article "A Million of Torments". Goncharov says that "it is difficult to treat Sofya Pavlovna not nicely." This is an extraordinary nature. She has a lively mind, and passion, and firmness of character. No wonder Chatsky loved her and sought her in Moscow. This man could only fall in love with an outstanding nature. But Sophia grew up and was brought up in a Famus society, this left its mark on her character: being a lively, active, dreamy nature, she, at the same time, is wayward, stubborn, sometimes blind and full of prejudices. Maybe this is what made her get carried away by Molchalin. Although, it would seem, Chatsky is much more suitable for her. The question of why Sophia fell in love with the insignificant Molchalin is asked by anyone who has read Torah from Wit. I immediately want to blame "French books", sentimental novels and wrong upbringing. But it's not only that.

Despite all her sentimentality, Sophia has an imperious, tough fatherly character. She can push around Molchalin, and this is flattering for her pride. It is no coincidence that Chatsky will later say about Molchalin:

Husband-boy, husband-servant, from the wife's pages,

The lofty ideal of all Moscow men.

Sofya ascribes to Molchalin a lot of virtues: timidity, intelligence, humility, even the fact that he was "born in poverty." For some reason, she is blind precisely in relation to Molchalin, but in everything else she is smart, prudent.

Sentimentality, affectation, hypocrisy and hypocrisy of Sophia, instilled in her upbringing, will then turn into cruelty and revenge. It was these features that repulsed the heroine that made her spread the rumor about Chatsky's madness, and then take part in his persecution. And, meanwhile, it was the only person who was ready to honestly and disinterestedly give her his heart and soul. Sophia did not appreciate this. She clung to Molchalin until the last moment and was severely punished, realizing that his feelings, his timidity and deference were feigned. Sophia accidentally witnesses how Molchalin pours out his feelings in front of Lisa. We must pay tribute to the honest maid: she does not succumb to the courtesies of Molchalin.

Lisa is a classic type of Russian servant, a serf girl assigned to a young lady and selflessly devoted to her. This character is generally very attractive. She is smart, active, always cheerful. In addition, she is smart and observant. She gives correct and accurate assessments to many comedy heroes. So, about Famusov, she says: "I wish he had a son-in-law with stars, but with ranks." About Molchalin: "seeker of brides." About Skalozub: "And the golden bag and aims at the generals." About Chatsky:

Who is so sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp,

Like Alexander Andreevich Chatsky!

Life in Famusov's house did not corrupt Lisa: she rejects the harassment of both Famusov and Molchalin. The limit of her dreams is the barman Petrusha. But, unlike her young lady, Lisa does not go blind from love and continues to think soberly. By the way, from the very beginning she foresees the denouement of the relationship between Sophia and Molchalin: "There will be no such thing in love forever and ever." Liza's heart is on the side of Chatsky, although she continues to facilitate Sophia's dates with Molchalin. No matter how much she wants to bring Chatsky and Sophia closer together, she will still always stand on the side of her young lady and shelter her, no matter what she has in mind. Lisa constantly has to maneuver between "master's anger" and "lord's love", which she wants to avoid "more than all sorrows." However, she still pays for her devotion. In the end, the enraged Famusov knows neither leniency nor mercy, and declares Liza the main culprit of the "conspiracy":

... you learned to bring lovers together,

Wait, I'll fix you

If you please, go to the hut, march, follow the birds.

As for Sophia, she is also punished. She learns about the deception of Molchalin. And, to her credit, she takes the news with dignity.

Sophia and Lisa are two strikingly different heroines. One is a young lady, the other is a maid; one sentimental, the other practical. In many situations, Lisa appears in a more favorable light than Sophia. Both heroines are equally interesting, but if Liza is a characteristic image of a maid, then Sophia is not at all a characteristic young lady. It is not surprising, therefore, that it was so differently evaluated by critics. And only one similarity exists between Sophia and Lisa - these are two memorable and vivid portraits. In this, Lisa is in no way inferior to her young lady.

Griboedov's comedy "Woe from Wit", being innovative in many ways, differs from the classic comedies that existed before it in the way the characters are portrayed. The author made the images more realistic than was customary in the tradition of classicism, endowing his characters with both positive and negative features at the same time. Presenting to the public on the pages of the play the conflict between the conservative way of life of the nobility and progressive views younger generation nobles, the conflict of the "past century" with the "present century", the author significantly expands the system of comedy images. This helps him make the secular Moscow society depicted in the work more vivid and memorable. In the development of the action of comedy, an important role is assigned to secondary characters. In this regard, in order to comprehend the play, it is necessary to pay attention to the characterization of Liza in the comedy Woe from Wit.

In Russian literature, the maid Liza in the comedy "Woe from Wit" occupies a worthy place in the gallery female images despite the fact that its role is secondary. This became possible due to the fact that the reader is attracted by the mind and cunning of this girl, and her character is interesting, deep and bright. Those well-aimed characteristics that we hear from her lips regarding other characters make us pay even more attention to her.

Lisa plays a significant role in the development of the comedy's love affair. She is the person with the help of whom Molchalin, the lover of her mistress Sophia, is exposed. It is Lisa who the would-be lover admits that he “loves” Sophia “by position”, for personal gain, and laments that the young lady does not attract him as much as the maid: “Why is she not you?” In addition, in communication with Lisa, Molchalin manifests himself in a completely different way than with Sophia. It helps to understand what this hero really is. And the reader hears the conclusion regarding this hero precisely from Liza: “You are modest with the young lady, but from the maid’s rake.”

In the comedy "Woe from Wit" Lisa reveals the true face of not only Molchalin. Each character, directly or indirectly in contact with her, appears before the reader in a new way. For example, Famusov, Sophia's father, believes that he is the best moral model for his daughter, because in society he is "known for his monastic behavior." But secretly from everyone, he drags after Lisa, and very frankly.
The fact that two heroes of the play are trying to drag Liza into their love game at once does not in the least discredit the image of this girl. She is a forced person, but her natural mind and ingenuity help her delicately get out of delicate situations. In addition, a timid but sincere feeling for a person of her circle lives in her heart - the barman Petrusha. And Molchalin fails to seduce Lisa with any gifts, which indicates that the girl has certain moral principles and attitudes.

In the comedy Woe from Wit, Lisa's characterization is largely based on what assessment she gives to other heroes of the play. This girl is well versed in people, seeing in them the very essence. It is she who, even before Chatsky appears on the stage, gives him the most accurate description: "Who is so sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp, like Alexander Andreyich Chatsky."

Liza is also distinguished by sincerity, the ability to keep up the conversation, listen and even offer practical advice. It is no coincidence that it was with her, as the maid recalls, that Chatsky shared his fears before leaving abroad: “No wonder, Liza, I cry: who knows what I will find when I return? And how much, perhaps, I will lose!

Despite the fact that in the play "Woe from Wit" the image of Lisa belongs to secondary characters, it would be impossible to imagine this comedy without her. The heroine is a link between all parts of the work, has a significant impact on the development of the action of the comedy, on the disclosure of the characters of other characters. Without Lisa, the outcome of the comedy would have been completely different.

Artwork test

A. S. Griboedov in his comedy "Woe from Wit" violates one of the canons of classicism, not dividing the heroes of his work strictly into positive and negative.

Lisa, Sophia's maid, plays a minor role, but this role proves to be extremely important in revealing the comedy's love affair.

In the work, Famusov's secretary Molchalin is in love with Lisa. He is also Sophia's lover. It is Lisa who exposes Molchalin, showing everyone who he really is.

Although Lisa is a maid, she is not at all stupid or mediocre. In comedy, she also reveals the essence of Famusov, one of the main characters. In society, this hero, known for his "monastic behavior", tries to look like an exemplary, quiet person. In fact, he is secretly trying to court Lisa.

Lisa is drawn into a love affair, but she does not give in to courtship and does not accept gifts. The heroine is guided by her own moral principles, she tries to appear a modest, reasonable girl. In addition, Lisa, constantly giving an assessment to other acting characters in the comedy, has an excellent understanding of people.

It is impossible to fully attribute Lisa to the representatives of the "past century", just as it is impossible to attribute her to the representatives of the "present century". She takes an independent position. All she wants to achieve is to marry the barman Petrusha, live a prosperous life and someday be freed from serfdom.

Liza differs from other heroes in her sensitivity, ability to listen and wit, because it is she who owns the phrase that has become winged: "To whom it is appointed, fate cannot be avoided."

A. S. Griboyedov draws the image of a cheerful, smart, energetic maid, who is an important part of the whole comedy. This is not a dumb character who is needed only for extras, this is an active hero. It is Lisa, exposing Molchalin, that gives impetus to the denouement of the love conflict of the comedy, makes it more complex and in-depth. Thanks to Lisa, Chatsky learns that his beloved Sophia is not at all interested in him. It is Lisa's actions and her ability to characterize other characters that push the entire action of the comedy to a semantic conclusion.

Option 2

The innovative comedy in the verses of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" reflects the conflict that has developed in society between the "past century" and the "current century". The conservative-minded nobility, which does not accept innovations, is opposed by the young progressive generation.

The images of comedy heroes are endowed with both positive and negative features, which makes them more vivid and memorable. A special place in the comedy is given to secondary characters who help to reveal the characters of the main characters from different angles. Such a character is the maid in the Famusovs' house - Lisa.

Lisa is a young girl, her age is not indicated in the comedy. She is funny, cunning and resourceful. He has a pleasant appearance and the ability to support any conversation, and sometimes help with practical advice. Lisa helps Sofya hide her relationship with Molchalin from her father. It is not easy for a girl to live in the Famusovs' house, she has to be responsible for the tricks of the young lady.

Despite the fact that Lisa considers her judgments stupid, the girl is smart, well versed in people. From her speeches, one can understand what a particular comedy character is. So the girl reveals the true face of Molchalin. It is to Lisa that he admits that he "loves" Sophia only for personal gain. In fact, he likes Liza, and he regrets that she is only a servant in the young lady's house. You can also notice the differences in the behavior of Molchalin with Sophia and Lisa: in conversations with the first, the hero is timid and modest, while in communication with Lisa, he behaves pompously and cheekily.

Famusov's sympathy for her becomes another difficulty in the girl's life. This hero is a moral image for his daughter, because he is known in society for "monastic behavior." But secretly from all Famusov very frankly seeks to impose his feelings on Lisa. Thus, the character of this character, like Molchalin, is more fully revealed thanks to Lisa.

The girl herself has a timid feeling for a person of her circle - the barman Petrusha. Lisa has certain moral principles and rules that she will not violate. She delicately and tactfully leaves the love affairs unfolding in Famusov's house.

The girl, despite being a minor character in the play, strongly influences her development. After all, if you remove it storyline, then the ending of the play will change. She becomes a link between the heroes of the work.

Composition Maid Lisa in the comedy Woe from Wit

Lisa is one of the brightest secondary characters comedy by Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov called "Woe from Wit".

The girl is a servant, she works on the estate of Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov, helps his daughter Sophia. She is young, has a light and cheerful disposition, as well as a pretty and attractive appearance. Lisa believes in omens and various superstitions. You can always ask the maid with a request, tell about your experiences and get good advice. She can keep up the conversation on various topics. The maid is a modest and timid person, she treats life with humility and naive curiosity. Although the girl is a serf, Lisa is quite smart and shows a sharp mind, although she does not attach any importance to this.

The maid often suffers because of the love affairs of her mistress. She has to protect Sophia and be punished for her actions. Participation in the love affairs of Famusov's daughter shows that Liza has not only positive, but also negative traits character. The maid often helps Sophia out of unpleasant situations, tries to reason with the hostess, but she only dismisses her advice.

The girl has strong moral convictions. Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov and Alexei Stepanovich Molchalin, his personal secretary, with whom Sofya Afanasyevna is in love, show an unequivocal interest in her, take care of Lisa in every possible way and try to woo her with expensive gifts. But the girl is adamant, gently rejects the courtship of both the first and the second. In fact, she is in love with Petrusha, who also works as a servant in Famusov's house. Lisa does not seek to get a man from high society as a groom, she is quite satisfied with the same serf as herself, for whom the maid has real and bright feelings. From the favor of the owner or his secretary, the girl could derive her own benefit, increase her position in society, but she does not want to achieve her desires and goals in such an impartial way, she considers it indecent and unworthy of an educated girl. The servant is well versed in people and their intentions, therefore, thanks to her insight, she easily manages to avoid conflict situations, maintain her spotless reputation and self-esteem.

With the help of the character of Lisa, Griboedov showed the reader his vision of a decent, ambitious and smart girl. Her image is not the main one in the work, the maid appears in only a few scenes, but thanks to this heroine, the author was able to more fully reveal and characterize the central actors.

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First we get to know Lisa. Not even with Liza, but with “Lizanka”, as she is indicated in the author's remarks of the 1st appearance and in the list of characters. It seems that such a diminutive form of the name, and the name itself is not accidental. All of Griboedov's contemporaries still had the eponymous heroine of N.M. Karamzin " Poor Lisa"- a peasant woman who became a victim of the frivolity of the nobleman Erast.

Griboyedovskaya Lizanka is the exact opposite of her namesake Karamzin, melancholy, thoughtful, timid, overly trusting. Lizanka is quick-witted, active, invariably cheerful and funny (Famusov: “After all, you are such a naughty girl”; Molchalin: “You are a fun creature! Alive!”).

Her judgments, her lines scattered throughout the comedy, are mocking and precise. The grades she gives to Famusov, Molchalin, Skalozub and even Chatsky speak of her powers of observation and knowledge of life.

At the same time, Lizanka is not Molière's soubrette - a typical character in French comedies of the Classical era.

Lizanka is a classic type of Russian servant, “a serf girl assigned to a young lady and enjoying her trust” (Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko). Life in Moscow, in the Famusovs' house, polished her, but did not corrupt her. She rejects Famusov's harassment, is not attracted to Molchalin's gifts: "You know that I am not flattered by interests." The limit of her dreams is the barmaid Petrusha, she does not go further than this "hero" in her bold thoughts. For all her glibness, Lizanka is superstitious, she is afraid of both “brownies” and “living people”. "Cursed Cupid" does not have such power over her as over Sophia ("And I ... only I crush love to death").

However, Lizanka is not so naive as not to understand anything in those "amorous" deeds and stories that are unfolding before her eyes all the time. Life in Famusov's house, constant communication with him, with Molchalin, with Sofia, the dependent position of a serf girl to some extent determine the rules and norms of her behavior, her worldly morality: "Sin is not a problem, rumor is not good."

Knowing well the unscrupulousness and resourcefulness of Molchalin, the sentimentality and gullibility of Sophia, Lizanka foresees the possible end of their romance (“... in love there will be no trouble in this / Forever and ever”), its comical, even farcical denouement. Luckily, we didn't have to look far for examples.


Lizanka's heart is on the side of Chatsky, although she is forced to hide Sophia's dates with Molchalin from him and even help them in "amorous" affairs. She always stands guard over the interests of her “young lady in love”, and in the scene with Famusov she bravely shields Sofia (“I was spinning around in front of him, I don’t remember that I was lying”).

What Famusov says about Lizanka (“Oh! potion, spoiled girl”; “Modest, but nothing but / Leprosy and the wind on my mind”) is not entirely far from the truth, but one-sided. Lizanka is really "on her mind", lively, agile, mischievous. Yes, and no wonder. She constantly has to maneuver between "master's anger" and "master's love", dodge the harassment of Molchalin, cater to the whims of the "torturer-young lady" Sofia.

Lizanka is well aware of the danger of her position, she understands how she can pay for her devotion to her mistress ("And what in return for you, of course, I will get there"). And so it happens. "Master's wrath" did not pass her. In the finale, the enraged Famusov knows neither leniency nor mercy, making Lisa the main culprit of the "conspiracy".

Female images in Griboedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" play an important role in realizing the relevance and artistic originality comedy. Sophia and Lisa are typical roles classic comedy. But these images are ambiguous. They occupy an intermediate position in the system of characters. Lisa is cunning, smart, quick-witted, that is, her character meets the requirements of a classic comedy. She is a soubrette, participates in a love affair, and is a kind of reasoner, that is, she gives characteristics to some heroes. She owns some catchphrases. Sophia, according to the laws of classicism, should have been an ideal character, but her image is ambiguous. On the one hand, she received a typical upbringing of girls of the 19th century. On the other hand, she is smart, has her own opinion.

Both Sophia and Lisa have a lively mind. Sophia was brought up with Chatsky, she is educated, has her own opinion. Eg. , can appreciate the personality of the groom: “He never uttered a clever word, I don’t care what kind of neg, what’s in the water.” Liza may not be as educated as Sophia, but she has a practical mind. She very accurately remarks: "Bypass us more than all sorrows and master's anger, and master's love."

Both are true. Sophia openly tells Chatsky that she does not love him, her father expresses dissatisfaction with the groom. Lisa openly rejects Famusov's advances.

Both are participants in the love story "Chatsky - Sophia - Molchalin - Liza - Petrusha."

Both have the same ideals of men - a silent man.

But, despite the fact that both of these heroines are young girls, their ideas about life are very different. Sofia is romantic. She grew up without a mother and was very fond of romance novels. Throughout the book, she presents herself as the heroine French novel. When Molchalin falls from his horse, Sophia behaves like a heroine in love with a novel - she faints. "Fell! Killed! “Sofya is naive, she believes that Molchalin really loves her. He appears to her as timid, modest, gentle and intelligent. Lisa has a sober outlook on life. She is a simple servant and has seen a lot in her life. She understands people. Lisa is well aware that Molchalin is only playing with Sophia for the sake of the position. She sees his prudence and cunning.

Further fate they will also turn out differently. Sophia is likely to obey the rules Famus Society and she will marry a rich groom who pleases her father. Lisa will marry a man of her circle, but for love.

Although Sophia and Liza are similar in some of their personal qualities, their different positions in society and upbringing determine their different future fate.