Parish of the Church of All Saints. Temple on Sokol: history All Saints Church on Sokol

The men's monastery in the name of the Saints of the Father of the Seven Ecumenical Councils on the ancient Tver road has been known since 1398. In the 15th century. The village of Holy Fathers arose nearby. In the 17th century it was abolished, and the church became a parish church, the lands were transferred to the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral and were in its possession for about a hundred years. From the second half of the 17th century, the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye came into the possession of Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Miloslavsky, cousin of Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna. The construction in 1683 of a small stone tent-type church in the name of All Saints, which stood until 1733, is associated with his name.

Prince's daughter Miloslavsky Fedosya Ivanovna, who inherited the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye, married the Imeretian prince Alexander Archilovich. After her death in 1695, the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye was granted to Alexander Archilovich by decree of Peter I. During the Northern War, Alexander Archilovich was captured and died in Sweden in 1711. The village of Vsekhsvyatskoye went to his sister Daria Archilovna. On her initiative in 1733-1736. and the present church of All Saints was built.

In 1812, the temple was destroyed by Napoleonic troops, but was soon restored. In 1886 (architect A.P. Popov) and 1902-1905. (architect I. Blagoveshchensky) the temple was expanded.

In 1902-1903 a clergy house and a parish school were built. In 1903, Metropolitan Vladimir (Epiphany) consecrated the chapel in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”; in 1905, the throne in the rebuilt chapel of the Holy Trinity was consecrated. Simeon and Anna. The temple contains the burial places of the Georgian princes Tsitsianov and Bagrationov, who in the 18th-19th centuries. belonged to the village. All Saints. In 1923, the temple was captured by renovationists. In 1939, the temple was closed, and the five-tiered iconostasis of the 18th century. broken out and burned in front of the temple “for edification.”

In 1945, local residents achieved the opening of the temple, and Metropolitan Nikolai (Yarushevich) performed the consecration. In 1960-80 a vast ancient churchyard with tombstones from the 18th-19th centuries. was destroyed by the authorities.

In the 1990s. On the remains of the graveyard, symbolic tombstones-crosses were installed in memory of the victims of the Red Terror of 1918; the holy remains of Archpriest John Vostorgov and Bishop also rested here. Efrem (Kuznetsov).

Many churches can boast not only of an interesting and rich history, but also of the special place they occupied in church life. Church of All Saints on Sokol applies specifically to these. It has long-standing spiritual and cultural traditions, and the continuity from time immemorial has been practically uninterrupted, and the heritage of our ancestors has been passed on to us through generations. In this temple, services were conducted in the most difficult times. Moreover, in the days of destruction and oblivion of shrines, the Church of All Saints was the center that strengthened the faith of the people united around it. He still performs his functions, bringing goodness into the hearts of parishioners. This story is about the Church of All Saints on Sokol, its history, shrines, attractions, and you will also find out the schedule of services and address.

Where is

What's the best way to get there?

The most convenient way to get to the Church of All Saints is by metro; you need to get off at the station "Falcon".
From ground transport you can get by buses along routes No. 19, 59, 61, 597, 691, 26, 100, 175 to the stop "Sokol metro station".
When arriving by car, you should turn from the Moscow Ring Road onto Marshal Zhukov Avenue, then turn left onto Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street. Next, follow Alabyan Street, turn right onto Peschanaya and finally left to the temple.

Opening hours of the Church of All Saints on Sokol

From Monday to Saturday the temple is open to the public from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., on Sunday from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Schedule of services in the Church of All Saints on Sokol:

From Monday to Saturday, the liturgy begins at 8 o’clock, and the evening service begins at 6 pm.
On Sunday at 7 o'clock the early liturgy begins, at 10 o'clock the late liturgy begins, at 18 o'clock the evening service begins.

Where can you stay nearby?

Not far from the Church of All Saints there are several places where a traveler can inexpensively stay overnight. Of these we can recommend:

Hostel "Sokol", at Leningradsky Ave., 77, building 4.
Hostel “Like Home”, Leningradsky Ave., 80, building 17.
Hotel "Avialux", Leningradsky Ave., 68, building 23.
Hotel "RAMN", st. Baltiyskaya, 10, building 2, 3.
Hotel "Falcon", lane. Chapaevsky, 12.

The history of the creation of the Church of All Saints on Sokol

On the lands on which modern Sokol is located, since the 14th century there has been a settlement called the Holy Fathers, or All Saints. At one time there was a monastery here, which had Temple of All Saints. During the Time of Troubles, the area was completely devastated. The first stone church was built in the village of Holy Fathers in 1683.
At the end of the 17th century The area comes into the possession of the Georgian royal family. And in 1711 it became the property of the daughter of the Imeretian king Archil Daria. In 1733, on her initiative, the construction of a new stone church began in the village of Vsekhsvyatskoe, which was completed in 1736. It is interesting that until 1783 the language of worship in the Church of All Saints was Georgian, and along with Russian in rituals it was used until the beginning of the 20th century.
During the invasion of Napoleonic army, the village was occupied by French troops. The property of the temple was looted, and the building was used as a stable. After the expulsion of the invaders, the temple was quickly restored, and already in 1813 services were held there. In the 1830s, the paintings were updated, and in 1860 the temple received an updated iconostasis.
In the 1880s In connection with the growing population of the village, the question of expanding the temple was raised. Reconstruction work was carried out in 1886 and 1902.
When they swept across the country revolutionary events, The Church of All Saints, however, continued its activities. It was closed only in 1939. But already in 1946, the local community won the right to resume services. In the same year the iconostasis was restored. Over the next two decades, the paintings and the appearance of the temple were updated, and a bell was installed. The temple was considered one of the most visited at that time.
At the beginning of our century, a large restoration, which seriously reflected on the appearance of the building.
Currently in the Church of All Saints Regular services are held.

Architectural and cultural landmarks

The temple was built in the style of the so-called “Anne” Baroque. Three-tier bell tower, a tetrahedral base on which an octagonal extension is installed. It is noteworthy that the structure has a slight slope, which is due to the local soil factor.
The temple has rich paintings. Unfortunately, almost no original works have survived to this day, but in some places fragments of the 19th century have been preserved.
Near the temple there was cemetery, where many representatives of noble Georgian families are buried. It was liquidated in the 1980s, but some monuments have survived.
In the 1990s, a church was opened memorial complex “Reconciliation of Peoples”, in memory of those who died in the wars of the 19th-21st centuries.

Shrines

Icons of the Temple of All Saints on Sokol, among which they are especially revered Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan, Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”, icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker And Icon of the Mother of God of Tikhvin.

Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”

Icon of the Mother of God of Tikhvin

Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan

The Church of All Saints in the rays of the spring sun; if you look closely, you can see a slight angle of inclination of the bell tower.

Inside the temple you can clearly see the iconostasis, which is a recreation of what was lost in the 40s.

Church of All Saints from the main entrance.

Church of All Saints - video

Having visited this Temple, you understand what the spiritual center of the parish should be like. Behind the discreet façade lies the real power of faith. It is clear how reverently the parishioners treat their church and how it reciprocates their feelings. I really liked the memorial on the site. It is a pity that the ancient cemetery could not be preserved. See the history of this temple!

It is interesting to know your opinion about the paintings of the temple, I ask you to speak out in the discussion.

Church of All Saints near the Sokol metro station. The church is in the midst of bustle - and the bustle itself, no matter how fussy. This is not Red Square or large churches - like the Cathedral of Christ the Savior or the Kazan Cathedral - where tourist calm idleness rather than flickering reigns. This is something completely different - uncompromising urban congestion. This is what surrounds the once rural church on Sokol, which is almost 300 years old.

Church of All Saints near Sokol metro station

So, very close is Leningradsky Prospekt. Not just a wide highway, but a multi-level traffic flow (a road on the ground and a road underground) - an asphalt artery that cuts the area into two parts.

The temple is located at the entrance to the Sokol metro station. The station itself was opened in the 30s, but this particular lobby was built in the late 40s. The entrance to the temple and the entrance to the metro are a few meters apart:

Generally speaking, this entire territory became Moscow in 1917. Previously, this was the village of All Saints - named in honor of this Church of All Saints. And the metro station was supposed to be called Vsekhsvyatskaya, but then it was renamed “Sokol” - in honor of the Artists’ Village nearby, which was called “Falcon”, and which has survived to this day.

This is what it looks like now. A real miracle in the middle of the gigantic stone Moscow:

A real village!

In general, before the War, the countryside began to quickly “modernize.” Next to the Church of All Saints on Sokol they began to build a huge General's House. The church itself was closed in the 30s...

So this is what it all looked like. A large stone house, and there are still wooden houses all around. The temple is not included in the frame; it is immediately to the left of the house:

Temple on Sokol: history

It is interesting that the Church of All Saints on Sokol was closed for a short period of time compared to other churches: less than 10 years. Immediately after the War, in 1946, it was opened again and for a long time became the only, in fact, functioning church in the vast area around it. Huge queues lined up here for holy water on Church holidays. They say that even Joseph Stalin came to the temple on Sokol.

Why did Stalin come to this church? And why did they start opening it at all? After all, nearby stood what seemed to be one of the most important residential buildings in Moscow for the USSR - Generalsky, where many famous military leaders lived (including Marshal of Tank Forces Katukov, who heroically defended the approaches to Moscow - partly, it was thanks to the tank battle tactics he invented that the Germans We didn’t get to Moscow as quickly as planned).

Temple on Sokol. Photo from the 1960s. Right: General's House.

The fact is that in the eyes of the public, the church on Sokol became - or should have become - a symbol of friendship between the Russian and Georgian peoples. For it was founded in the 18th century by the Imereti princess Daria Archilova. Imereti is a region in Western Georgia. For the first few years, services in this temple were generally held only in Georgian, and then - when the temple switched to Russian - some Georgian rituals still remained, which were performed, it seems, until the 20th century.

In general, Joseph Stalin, a native of Georgia, if he visited the temple on Sokol, then perhaps that was why.

Well, now this is no longer the village of Vsekhsvyatskoe, or even Moscow of the 50s, but a part of a gigantic metropolis in which 16 million people live.
The temple is surrounded by Leningradsky Prospekt and the metro on one side, and on the other by a street on which exits and entrances to shops are located...

...and cars park.

And on the third side there is a large transport area. Buses.

A terrible squatter building is blocking the temple 🙁

And before it was like this:

However, what is there to be sad about the vanity... Each church has its own destiny - and it is neither better nor worse than another, but simply its own - special.

Another temple - for example, somewhere in the center of Sadovoye - seems to be not shackled by vanity and vanity, but inside it is also empty - because there is no one to go to it: no one lives around, only offices and hotels...

And some church, like the temple on Sokol for example, - well, yes, is located in the very heart of the human flow.

And here's what's important:

“If you only knew how many people this church is, as if drowning in a crowd, for how many it has become a gateway to the Church!” a priest who serves in the church on Yugo-Zapadnaya once told me for a long time it was the only parish in the vast territory of the residential area, and was always, even on a weekday, crowded with people coming and going from it...

To become, in the midst of the bustle, a gateway to the Church - isn’t that wonderful!

Well, and one more thing: to be a functioning church in the USSR right under the windows of the house where generals and marshals live... This is also a wonderful destiny!

Church of All Saints on Sokol: schedule of services

Services in the Church of All Saints on Sokol are held daily.

On weekdays and Saturdays, the Liturgy begins at 8:00

On Sundays and on Major Holidays, two liturgies are served - at 7:00 and 10:00.

The schedule of services is subject to change. Check on the parish's official website.

All saints, pray to God for us!

In the capital of the Russian Federation there is a huge number of different churches, monasteries and temples, each of which carries a certain value, both historical, in some way architectural, and, of course, spiritual for all representatives of the Orthodox religion.

Priests from various centuries claim that in Moscow the Church of All Saints, which is located on Sokol near the metro station, deserves special attention.

It is precisely these data that the cathedral cannot miss, more than one guest of the capital, because every day visiting this or that attraction, everyone passes by the Church of All Saints.

Historical information

Both in past times and today, the Church of All Saints on Sokol is greeted daily by a huge number of Orthodox Christian believers who write notes, leave various candles near one or another sacred face, and also offer an akathist directed to the saints.

- Heavenly Queen, that is, the Mother of God, who is called “Kazan”;

- a bright image called “Unexpected joy of those who mourn”;

- miraculous image “Recovery of the Lost”;

- icon “The Queen of All”;

- list “Quick to Hear”;

- Holy image of St. Nicholas the Pleasant;

- icon of St. Seraphim and many others.

Consequently, we can say that here every resident of the capital or guest will be able to communicate with the Almighty, their own guardian angels, one or another immaculate saint.

It is important to take into account that believers and pilgrims treat the Church of All Saints on Sokol with special love, since it is here that you can not only offer prayers, but also provide some kind of support on your own, since the servants of the temple are engaged not only in mercy, but also in charity. The priests remind us that they also participate in certain social activities, and therefore provide special divine and spiritual support for prisoners.

Of course, one cannot ignore the striking distinctive feature of the Church of All Saints on Sokol from other cathedrals located in the Moscow region, because it is here that you can visit the existing collection and distribution point for clothing. Thus, Orthodox Christian believers are trying to help each other, as well as extremely poor families.

The priests do not forget to mention that the Church of All Saints on Sokol has been cooperating with the Moscow Society of the Blind for a huge amount of time, thus, every believer, if desired, can help a blind person, even at the moment when he is attending a service.

Service Schedule

As it was said earlier, a huge number of Orthodox Christian believers come to church every day in order to attend one or another service, perform charity or attend the divine liturgy. The priests remind parishioners that any activities in the temple are carried out in the morning from about 8:00 until the evening. It is important to take into account that the Divine Liturgy on holidays is held at 10:00 in the morning, and at half past six in the evening you can come to confession.

Do not also forget that in the Church of All Saints on Sokol there is a modern Sunday school, as well as a children's training choir.

After the Divine Liturgy, every Orthodox Christian believer can order a prayer or memorial service.

The clergy, together with the parishioners, affirm that the Church of All Saints on Sokol is happy to welcome every believer and provide him with any possible assistance.

Around 1398 on the river. A monastery was founded in Khodynka. In the 17th century it was abolished, and its church became a parish church. The first stone church was built in 1683 at the expense of I.M. Miloslavsky, the current one was built in 1733-1736. at the expense of the prince's daughter. Miloslavsky, who married a Georgian prince. In 1798, the Church of All Saints was renovated, an iconostasis was installed in it, and a royal place was installed on the left choir. After the defeat of the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye in the Patriotic War of 1812, it was restored with new luxury, and at the same time work was carried out in the church.

At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, the Church of All Saints in the village of All Saints was repeatedly renewed and rebuilt. Much work was carried out in the 1880s. In 1902-1905 The chapels were rebuilt and expanded: in the name of the righteous Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess (February 3/16), in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” (October 24/November 6).

In 1923, the temple was captured by renovationists. In 1939, the temple was closed, and the five-tiered iconostasis of the 18th century. broken out and burned in front of the temple. In 1945, permission was received to reopen the temple. It was consecrated for Easter 1946. Since 1979, the long-silent bell rang again. Since 1992, the Church of All Saints has served as the Patriarchal Metochion.

Source: website http://www.ortho-rus.ru/

The men's monastery in the name of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils on the ancient Tver road has been known since 1398. In the 15th century. The village of Holy Fathers arose nearby. In the 17th century it was abolished, and the church became a parish church, the lands were transferred to the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral and were in its possession for about a hundred years. From the second half of the 17th century, the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye came into the possession of Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Miloslavsky, cousin of Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna. The construction in 1683 of a small stone tent-type church in the name of All Saints, which stood until 1733, is associated with his name.

In 1812, the temple was destroyed by Napoleonic troops, but was soon restored. In 1886 (architect A.P. Popov) and 1902-1905. (architect I. Blagoveshchensky) the temple was expanded. In 1902-1903 a clergy house and a parish school were built. In 1903, Metropolitan Vladimir (Epiphany) consecrated the chapel in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”; in 1905, the throne in the rebuilt chapel was consecrated. Simeon and Anna. The temple contains the burial places of the Georgian princes Tsitsianov and Bagrationov, who in the 18th-19th centuries. belonged to the village. All Saints.

In 1923, the temple was captured by renovationists. In 1939, the temple was closed, and the five-tiered iconostasis of the 18th century. broken out and burned in front of the temple “for edification.” In 1945, local residents achieved the opening of the temple, and Metropolitan Nikolai (Yarushevich) performed the consecration. In 1960-80 a vast ancient churchyard with tombstones from the 18th-19th centuries. was destroyed by the authorities. In the 1990s. On the remains of the graveyard, symbolic tombstones-crosses were installed in memory of the victims of the Red Terror of 1918, and the holy remains of the Scheme also rested here. Archpriest John Vostorgov and Bishop. Efrem (Kuznetsov).

http://vsehsvtsokol.cerkov.ru/

"At the Holy Fathers"

The name Sokol now goes to the ancient village of Vsekhsvyatskoe, named at the end of the 17th century after the local church consecrated in honor of all saints, but its history is more vague. The village, known since 1398, originally bore the name Holy Fathers. According to legend, there was a monastery with a cathedral All Saints Church here, and in the surrounding forest, hermit elders lived in huts. Scientists have different opinions. Some agree that there really was a monastery with a temple in honor of all saints here until the 15th century, others believe that the monastery’s cathedral was consecrated in honor of the VII Ecumenical Council of the Holy Fathers, which is where the name of the village came from. Another strange old Moscow nickname for the area - Puddle Ottsovskaya - can be explained very simply: the Khodynka and Tarakanovka rivers flowed here, flooding the area.

The village of Holy Fathers was mentioned at the end of the 15th century in the spiritual letter of Prince Ivan Yuryevich Patrikeev, cousin of the Moscow Grand Duke Ivan III, according to which he transferred this village with other lands to his son. However, the Patrikeev family soon fell into disgrace, and at the beginning of the next century the village went to the treasury. Since then, its owners have changed at the will of the Moscow sovereign. It is believed that for some time it belonged to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. And in 1587, Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich granted the village to the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral.

Further, the opinions of scientists differ again. Some believe that in the ancient monastery, regardless of its dedication to all saints or the VII Ecumenical Council, there was definitely a wooden church in honor of all saints. After the abolition of the monastery, it remained a parish and then, when the village was in the hands of the new owner, boyar I.M. Miloslavsky, it was rebuilt in stone. Others suggest that the monastery was abolished completely, and the All Saints Church appeared independently and much later - in the 17th century. She gave a new name to the village, which after the revolution changed to “Falcon”, when they began to build Moscow’s first housing-construction cooperative village here. The previous traditional version said that this name came from the name of the local agronomist-livestock breeder A. Sokol, who lived here and raised purebred pigs on the outskirts of Moscow. Now they adhere to another hypothesis. Modern research has established that the name “Falcon” came from the Moscow Sokolniki, since it was there that they first planned to build a cooperative village. And an agronomist with the surname Sokol actually lived in one of the houses in the village of Vsekhsvyatsky, and, paradoxically, it was in his house that the office of the Sokol cooperative was located, which gave rise to the version about the origin of the Soviet name of the area. You can’t call it anything other than a game of history.

Since ancient times, the area in which this temple appeared was located on the main Moscow highway. Until the time of Peter I, the most important political and trade road to Tver, Veliky Novgorod and Pskov passed here. Since the reign of Peter, its importance has increased, since from now on it led to the new northern capital. That is why the village of All Saints has seen a lot in its lifetime. Initially, it was in Vsekhsvyatskoe that the last stop of the royal train was before entering Moscow for the coronation or other celebrations. Before the Petrovsky Travel Palace was built nearby at the end of the 18th century, a wooden traveling palace stood in All Saints, so the Church of All Saints remembers Anna Ioannovna, Elizabeth Petrovna, and Catherine II...

It is interesting that a travel yard was also set up for foreign ambassadors in this area - on the Khodynskoye field, where they rested, waited for an invitation to the highest audience and, having received it, went to the city. Back at the end of the 16th century, “at the Holy Fathers” the Swedish prince Gustav, the groom of Princess Ksenia Borisovna Godunova, was greeted with honor. During the Time of Troubles, the troops of Vasily Shuisky were stationed here, who came out to meet False Dmitry II, who was stationed in Tushino. Then the government army retreated, and the Pretender briefly occupied the village. According to legend, before fleeing, he buried his treasures somewhere here. Legend says that the “treasure of the Tushinsky thief” is hidden in the area of Novopeschanaya Street.

At the beginning of the 18th century, the first Georgian settlement in Moscow was formed in the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye. At the same time, when the traveling Petrovsky Palace appeared, the importance of All Saints fell and it turned into a favorite place for country festivities. But the village also had its own history, which is preserved by the All Saints Church.

Boyarsky yard

In the second half of the 17th century, after the village of the Holy Fathers was granted to the boyar Ivan Mikhailovich Miloslavsky, the new life of Vsekhsvyatsky begins. His name is now “unheard of,” but we still know it from school - from history textbooks and from Alexei Tolstoy’s novel about Peter I. By the way, the writer was a very distant relative of him: his ancestor P.A. Tolstoy was the nephew of I.M. Miloslavsky. And Ivan Mikhailovich Miloslavsky himself was the nephew of Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya, the first wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Contemporaries spoke about boyar I.M. Miloslavsky as a power-hungry, insidious intriguer and at the same time “much fearful and very hasty,” hasty. He was destined to play a rather unseemly role in Russian history, but it was he who, in 1683, built a stone church in honor of All Saints in the village of the Holy Fathers, which was granted to him, after which the village began to be officially called All Saints. This was preceded by tragic events.

In 1648, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich married M.I. Miloslavskaya and became related to this old noble family: the distant ancestor of the Miloslavskys came to Moscow from Lithuania back in 1390, accompanying Princess Sofya Vitovtovna, the bride of Vasily I. After the wedding of Alexei Mikhailovich, his father-in-law Ilya Danilovich moved to the first roles in the state, and after his death the championship eventually passed to the boyar Ivan Mikhailovich Miloslavsky. In 1669, Maria Ilyinichna died, leaving an heir-son Fyodor Alekseevich, as well as Ivan Alekseevich and Princess Sophia - the future rulers of Russia. The Emperor married Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, the mother of Peter I, but the throne after the death of Alexei Mikhailovich was taken by the eldest son Fedor. When he died in April 1682, a political storm broke out in Russia, in which the Miloslavskys fought with the Naryshkins for the throne and for proximity to the throne. It was Ivan Mikhailovich Miloslavsky who was “the original author of all that Streltsy theft,” as a contemporary put it about him, that is, the main initiator and inspirer of the first Streltsy revolt of 1682. And the boyar’s plans for this “streletsky theft,” according to legend, were born in his secluded domain - the future village of Vsekhsvyatskoye.

The revolt broke out in mid-May 1682 to prevent the accession of the young Peter, bypassing his older brother Ivan, who was incapable of governing, and to prevent the rise of the Naryshkins. Ten-year-old Tsarevich Peter witnessed this riot, after which he began to suffer from seizures and nervous tics: in front of the child’s eyes, the archers killed the boyar Artamon Matveev, the teacher of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna and the patron of the Naryshkins. Then the archers, incited by Miloslavsky, achieved co-rule with Peter of his elder brother Ivan under the regency of Princess Sophia. The Armory Chamber contains a unique sovereign's throne with two seats - the co-rule formally continued until the death of Ivan Alekseevich in 1696, however, in reality, sole power passed to Peter in 1689.

Although the Streltsy riot of 1682 partially achieved its goal, Sophia did not favor her relative. THEM. Miloslavsky was soon deprived of control of military orders and retired to his fiefdom of the Holy Fathers. Here he hid from the persecution of political enemies and began building a stone church, perhaps in gratitude for being alive, or perhaps with a request for protection, or simply improving his property. In 1685, he died, fortunately for himself, before the new Streltsy revolt of 1689, when the matured Peter deprived the Miloslavskys of power. However, the boyar was buried not in his newly built All Saints Church, but in the Church of St. Nicholas in Pillars on Maroseyka, which has not survived to this day. History is capable of terrible, tragic incidents: in the same church three years earlier, the remains of the boyar Artamon Matveev, in whose murder Miloslavsky was involved, rested. This blasphemy occurred because both the Miloslavskys and Artamon Matveev lived in the parish of this church.

And then a textbook event happened that shook Moscow, as if the blood of the murdered boyar cried out for vengeance. At the end of the 1690s, dissatisfaction with young Peter grew among the boyars, among the military, at court, and among ordinary Muscovites. In 1697, just before Peter’s departure abroad, a conspiracy between the Streltsy Colonel I. Tsikler and the boyar A. Sokovnin, head of the Konyushenny Prikaz, was discovered. During interrogation, they admitted that they wanted to kill the sovereign, that they hatched these plans together with Princess Sophia, and also named the name of the late I.M. Miloslavsky, who allegedly during his lifetime was the inspirer of these insidious plans. According to another version, they did not name Miloslavsky, but Peter himself saw his shadow in this conspiracy. Therefore, the enraged Peter ordered his corpse to be dug out of the grave. In a cart drawn by pigs, the coffin was transported across Moscow to Preobrazhenskoye, placed under the scaffold, and the blood of government conspirators flowed onto the remains of the boyar. His terrible posthumous fate was called by his contemporaries “execution after death” - this is how Peter took revenge on him for his childhood, and for his relatives, and for himself. Hatred still remained: the tsar called the next and last Streltsy riot of 1698 “the seed of Ivan Miloslavsky.”
Since then, the new Moscow Church of All Saints has given its name to the village of All Saints for centuries. Under Peter, a new fate awaited him too.

Church of All Saints

The paradoxes of history continued. The only daughter of I.M. Miloslavsky Fedosya Ivanovna married the Georgian Tsarevich Alexander Archilovich, a longtime friend of Tsar Peter, and the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye passed to him as his wife’s dowry, and after her death, Peter, by personal decree, granted the village the full ownership of the widower. This is how All Saints ended up on the pages of the history of the centuries-old relationship between Georgia and Russia. In their legends, Georgians, as well as Russians, considered themselves to be the direct descendants of Noah. They considered Kartlos, the great-grandson of Japheth, to be their ancestor, and the Slavs honored King Mosoch, the son of Japheth, as their forefather. The arrival of the Georgians in Moscow was not the beginning, but rather the result of Georgia's friendly relations with Russia, when Georgia suffered disasters from its warlike heterodox neighbors, primarily from the Ottoman Empire, and asked Orthodox Russia for protection and help.

In 1683, with the permission of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, the sons of Tsar Archil II came to Moscow, and one of them, Tsarevich Alexander Archilovich, not only became a childhood friend of Tsar Peter, but also found himself in great favor with him. Having accepted Russian citizenship, he accompanied the sovereign to Amsterdam, built artillery factories in the Urals and became one of the first Russian generals, although his fate was tragic. And in 1699, Archil II himself arrived in Moscow with his wife and retinue and settled in Vsekhsvyatskoe. Later, the first Georgian printing house was created there.

Under Peter, a new wave of Georgian august immigrants followed. In 1724, Tsar Vakhtang IV came to Moscow with his family, clergy and numerous retinue, which included the nobleman Zandukeli - the ancestor of the future Sila Sandunov, actor and creator of the Sandunov baths. The Georgian ruler also went to Vsekhsvyatskoe. Since the number of the Georgian colony in Moscow turned out to be very high - several thousand people - it was also allocated beautiful lands on Presnya, in the area of present-day Gruzinskie streets and Tishinka. Thus, two main Georgian settlements were formed in old Moscow: the oldest was located in Vsekhsvyatskoye, the second - on Presnya. The luxurious house of Vasily Golitsyn in Okhotny Ryad was also given to them, and Peter gave the Donskoy Monastery as a Georgian courtyard. In 1712, under the altar of the Great Don Cathedral, a side-chapel in honor of the Presentation of the Lord was consecrated, which became the tomb of Georgian kings and princes.

The Church of All Saints also became the tomb of Moscow Georgians. Ivan Bagration, the father of the famous general P.I., was buried in his graveyard. Bagration. The commander himself erected a monument on his father’s grave. By that time, the entire Moscow Georgian nobility had entered the high society of Moscow, and many became members of the English Club, like Peter Bagration. That is why he was honored after the Battle of Shengraben at the English Club on Strastnoy Boulevard. Russian soldiers not only were not embarrassed by his nationality, but also called him in their own way: “He is the God of the Army.” Peter I himself visited Vsekhsvyatsky with his friend Alexander Archilovich when he was still alive, and then visited his heir-sister here and feasted with her at night in January 1722, when he arrived in Moscow to celebrate the Peace of Nystadt - victory in the Northern War . The next morning, a triumphal procession set off from Vsekhsvyastkoye to the Kremlin: a whole flotilla of ships rode around Moscow on sleighs. And a little later, on August 30, 1723, a procession with the holy relics of the blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky stopped in Vsekhsvyatsky, when, by order of Peter, they were transferred from Vladimir to the new northern capital, and on their way they honored Moscow.

Tsarevich Alexander Archilovich was captured during the Northern War and died in Stockholm in 1711, leaving no offspring. All Saints passed to his sister Daria Archilovna. She built a new beautiful church here in 1733-1736, which has survived to this day. The main altar is consecrated in honor of All Saints, and two chapels are consecrated in honor of the icon “Joy of All Who Sorrow” and in the name of the righteous Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess. This last chapel was consecrated in honor of the namesake of Empress Anna Ioannovna, who favored Daria Archilovna, and in February 1730 stayed at the All Saints Travel Palace. There is, however, another opinion: the throne was consecrated in the name of the empress’s heavenly patroness in order to avoid disgrace.

That February was truly fatal for Russia. The events of May 1682 echoed as if in a distant, distorted echo. Duchess Anna Ioannovna of Courland, Peter’s niece and daughter of his co-ruler, Tsar Ivan Alekseevich, came to Vsekhsvyatskoe. She came to Moscow to accept the power offered to her by the Supreme Privy Council - the political elite of Russia. Not long before, in January 1730, Peter II died in the Petrovsky Palace, leaving no will and not even having time to get married. In All Saints, Anna Ioannovna received members of the said council. Their intent was to limit autocratic power by “conditions,” that is, certain obligations, conditions that limited the will of the autocrat in favor of a new government body - the Supreme Privy Council. Historians sometimes call this “venture” the forerunner of a constitutional monarchy, the embryo of the idea of it. Anna Ioannovna first agreed to the conditions, but then, for a number of political reasons, she deigned to “tear up” these conditions, after which the “venture” of limiting the power of the autocrat was forgotten for a long time. On that day, February 25, when Anna Ioannovna broke her condition, a red light appeared in the sky, which was regarded as an unfavorable sign.

And the newly built All Saints Church became the center of the Georgian colony in Moscow, and services there at one time were conducted in the Georgian language. At the very end of the 18th century, the next owner of the village of All Saints, Prince Georgy Bakarovich, renovated the temple and built a royal place on the left choir. This was the heyday of All Saints, where the Summer Palace stood with a luxurious garden, greenhouses and a pond along which guests took boat trips in gondolas. And on the patronal feast day at All Saints there was a big folk festival. In 1812, both the temple and the village were destroyed by Napoleon’s soldiers, but through the efforts of Tsarevich George everything was restored and the temple was beautifully decorated.

After the Patriotic War, the St. Petersburg Highway, starting from the Tverskaya Zastava, according to the Tsar's decree, began to be decently built up and populated by noble summer residents. Some of them were assigned to the parish of the Church of St. Basil of Caesarea on Tverskaya, and the other part to the All Saints Church, so that the Moscow aristocracy, for example, Prince Obolensky, also ended up in his parish. Only with the construction of the Annunciation Church in Petrovsky Park in the mid-19th century did some eminent summer residents become its parishioners, leaving Vsekhsvyatskoe. It is known that in 1916, the deacon of the Church of All Saints helped the icon painter A.D. Borozdin to paint the Annunciation Church. The All Saints Church was also renovated several times. Before the revolution, this was one of the largest parishes in Moscow and the temple could accommodate several thousand worshipers.

After the construction of the highway in the 1830s, mass festivities began in Vsekhsvyatskoye. If in the neighboring Petrovsky Park the nobility preferred to have fun, then in the more distant Vsekhsvyatsky Park it was ordinary Muscovites who preferred to have fun. Summer residents, especially officers with their families, also began to settle here, closer to Khodynskoye Field, where the summer camps of the Moscow garrison were located. Here, in the All Saints Grove, in 1878, the Alexander Shelter was set up for crippled and elderly soldiers of the just ended Russian-Turkish war. In honor of their feat, two memorial chapels were erected in old Moscow: to the heroes of Plevna at the Ilyinsky Gate and the Alexander Nevsky Chapel on Manezhnaya Square. According to legend, the shelter in Vsekhsvyatskoye was built near the place where the procession with the relics of St. Alexander Nevsky to Moscow stopped in 1723.

Shortly before the revolution, when another war was going on - the First World War, in the vicinity of All Saints, near its church, a Brotherly Cemetery was created for fallen Russian soldiers. The Holy Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna, who came up with the idea of establishing this cemetery, took official patronage over it, she was supported by the Moscow city government, making a corresponding decision in October 1914. The cemetery was truly fraternal - it was intended for the burial of officers, soldiers, orderlies, nurses and all those who died “during the performance of their duty in the theater of military operations,” who fell on the battlefield or died from wounds in hospitals. The land was bought for it from the local owner A.N. Golubitskaya. Sergei Vasilyevich Puchkov, a member of the Moscow City Duma, became the trustee of the cemetery - through his efforts, a few years earlier, a monument to the “holy doctor” F. Haas was erected in Moscow, which, fortunately, now stands in Maly Kazenny Lane.

The opening of the Fraternal Cemetery took place on February 15, 1915. Elizaveta Fedorovna was present at it. A chapel was consecrated near the cemetery, where the funeral service for the first buried was held. In total, about 18 thousand people rest here. In the summer of 1917, the Katkovs, who had lost two sons in the war, turned to the Moscow Duma with a request to allow them to build the Transfiguration Church in the cemetery with chapels in the name of the Archangel Michael and St. Andrew the First-Called - after the namesake of the fallen soldiers. They allocated all the necessary funds for the temple, but with the condition that it be built by the architect A. Shchusev in the Russian style, with the traditions of northern architecture. The request was fulfilled - the new temple was consecrated in 1918.

Time to collect stones

The revolution brought the most radical changes to the Vsekhsvyatsky area, when the entire territory surrounding the village became a testing ground for socialist experiments in construction. We started with a new name for the area, since the old historical name was intolerable. In 1928, Vsekhsvyatskoe turned into the village of Usievich - in honor of the revolutionary, whose name now bears the street between the Aeroport and Sokol metro stations. In 1933, the name Sokol appeared, when Vsekhsvyatskoye became a witness and participant in the first revolutionary experiment in the field of housing construction, which even then was experiencing an acute shortage. As one of the means of eliminating the deficit, the idea of housing construction cooperatives appeared, that is, the construction of individual houses in the free, mainly outlying territories of Moscow, which was Vsekhsvyatskoye. The very first housing construction cooperative in Moscow was the experimental village of Sokol. It was elite and was conceived not for workers, but for the intelligentsia - artists, writers, sculptors, engineers, and high-ranking officials. That is why local streets were named after the great Russian artists - Levitan, Polenov, Shishkin, Surikov...

The experimental construction of national importance was entrusted to the constructivist architect V.A. Vesnin, and A. Shchusev took part in the design of the houses. The experiments, in addition to the very idea of a housing construction cooperative, also concerned the architecture of the village's houses and the testing of new building materials. And most importantly, the same idea of a socialist house-city was introduced here, which was present in the plan of the famous “house on the embankment”: the village was a self-sufficient, closed town with its own shops, kindergartens, library and service sector. The artist A.M. lived here. Gerasimov, friend and ideologist of Leo Tolstoy V.G. Chertkov, Krandievskys, whose poetess relative became the wife of the writer A.N. Tolstoy...

The 1935 master plan also provided for changes to the old All Saints Church. One of the three main rays-highways that would cut through Moscow was supposed to pass here. This beam ran along the north-west - south-east axis: from Vsekhsvyatsky - to the automobile plant named after. Likhachev through the city center. After the Great Patriotic War, this grandiose idea was abandoned, but experiments in the former Vsekhsvyatsky continued. Then, “those” famous Stalinist houses were built here using the method of high-speed individual construction. Here they tested new types of luxury housing of different heights, individual apartment layouts, and decorative design options.

All these experiments hit the Church of All Saints and the Brotherly Cemetery. In 1923, the temple was captured by renovationists, and in 1939 it was closed, its five-tiered iconostasis was publicly burned in the courtyard, and, as usual, a warehouse was set up in the temple itself. However, soon after the restoration of the patriarchate, life returned to him. Already by Easter 1946, it was re-consecrated - this was one of the earliest “rehabilitations” of a closed church in Soviet times. Shrines appeared in it: the revered image of the Kazan Mother of God and the icon of All Saints. In the All Saints Church on June 29, 1947, Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy I consecrated Archimandrite Nektary as Bishop of Petrozavodsk and Olonetsky. Archpriest Mikhail Galunov, who had previously been the rector (unfortunately, the last) of the luxurious Church of Clement of Rome in Zamoskvorechye, was appointed rector of the All Saints Church. Here, in the temple on Sokol, he created a magnificent choir. But the temple bells began to ring only in 1979.

The sacred Fraternal Cemetery also suffered a tragic fate. In the late autumn of 1917, new graves appeared there, in which, with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon, officers and cadets who died in the revolutionary November battles in Moscow were buried. Already in the mid-1920s, the cemetery was closed and then destroyed during the construction of the metro, although, according to other sources, single burials continued until the 1940s. There is a legend that one grave with a monument was preserved because the father of the killed warrior lay down on the tombstone and said: “Destroy me along with him.” The monument was left because this father was a prominent figure in the People's Commissariat of Food. The second blow to the cemetery came with the socialist reconstruction of the area in the 1940s, when new residential development appeared in the Sandy Streets area. The Leningrad cinema appeared on the site of the demolished Transfiguration Church. A similar fate befell the cemetery at the All Saints Church: it was completely destroyed before the 1980 Olympics, leaving only the tombstone from the grave of Father Bagration.

The historical and political changes of our time have had a favorable effect on the All Saints Church, although, unfortunately, it has become one of the “Leaning Towers of Pisa” in Moscow: the tilt of the bell tower was due to the waters of the Khodynka and Tarakanovka rivers, enclosed in a collector, the proximity of the metro and the characteristics of the soil (not By chance the local streets are named Sandy). In 1992, the All Saints Church received the status of a patriarchal metochion, and soon the temple and the surrounding area became a real Orthodox historical memorial. Crosses were erected in memory of the victims of the Red Terror, including the holy martyrs Archpriest John Vostorgov (the last rector of St. Basil's Cathedral) and Bishop Ephraim of Selinga, who were shot in Petrovsky Park. In the park near the temple there are monuments to those who fell in the German, Civil, and Great Patriotic Wars, to the Knights of St. George, cadets, generals and participants in the White movement. The memory of the soldiers of the White Army was honored here for the first time in Russia with a separate memorial, when in 1994, with the blessing of Patriarch Alexy II, a monument to the “Generals of the Russian Imperial Army and the White Movement” was erected near the temple. It was in the All Saints Church that the annual memorial services for General A.I. began. Denikin on the day of his death on August 7, and at the memorial service in 2002 he was given military honors here for the first time. Recently, his remains were transferred to Russia and buried in the cemetery of the Moscow Donskoy Monastery.

The Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Chapel of the Fraternal Cemetery, on Novopeschanaya Street, was assigned to the All Saints Church and restored in 1998. Now, memorial services for slain soldiers are being served there again. And in August 2004, on the 90th anniversary of the start of the First World War, a historical memorial was also opened at the Fraternal Cemetery. Then a requiem service was served in the Church of All Saints, and then a religious procession headed to Novopeschanaya Street. A little earlier, on February 9, 2004, on the anniversary of the start of the Russo-Japanese War and the 100th anniversary of the feat of the cruiser “Varyag,” a memorial service was held in the church for the participants in the defense of Port Arthur, the heroic sailors of the cruiser and all Russian soldiers who fought for the Fatherland.