Pediatric development. Extracurricular event "100 years of the February Revolution" The anthem "God Save the Tsar!"

Materials for extracurricular activities

Presentations for lessons

Secondary general education

Line UMK I. L. Andreeva, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)

The development of an extracurricular event for high school students, dedicated to the centenary of the Great Russian Revolution, allows schoolchildren to assess the causes of the social explosion, to feel the problems of the pre-revolutionary situation using specific examples and testimonies of contemporaries of the era.

The material was submitted to the competition “100th anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution of 1917”.

Class: 6-7.

Form: a journey into the past.

Target: understand the reasons that led the population of the Russian Empire to the revolution and form in students an idea of it as one of the most important events in Russian and world history.

Tasks:

Cognitive:

find out the causes of the revolution and the attitude of different segments of the population of the Russian Empire to revolutionary events;
identify their expectations related to the revolution and change of power;
evaluate the results of revolutionary events from different positions.

Educational: formation of emotional and moral responsiveness; ability to comprehensively evaluate the material being studied.

Developmental: develop the ability to extract information from various sources; take into account different opinions, collaborate with peers; correctly build speech structures.

Equipment: computer, interactive board or screen, Power Point presentation “100 years of the Great Revolution”; envelopes indicating the following segments of the population: “Peasants”, “Workers”, “Intelligentsia”, “Royal Family”, “Soldiers”, “Nobles”.

Decor: To conduct the event, it is necessary to prepare workplaces and sets of materials for 6 groups of students.

On each table there should be a group number, an envelope indicating the segments of the population that the group will represent (opened during the event); kits with tasks. Separately 6 hats of different colors.

Select speakers (3), distribute words.

Extracurricular event scenario

1. Organizational moment

Students enter the classroom to the sounds of the 1st movement of “Symphony No. 12” by D. Shostakovich (Revolutionary Petrograd. moderato. Allegro). Slide No. 1

Guys, let’s think about the emotions and feelings that Dmitry Shostakovich’s “Symphony” evoked in you. Raise your hand, those who can say that music caused confusion, fear, uncertainty, apprehension in his soul. Take your seats in the groups on the right.

Raise your hand, those who can say that music caused an uplift, delight, and a joyful anticipation of change in his soul. Take your seats in the groups on the left.

2. Main part.

Teacher's opening remarks: This year marks exactly 100 years since the Great Revolution of 1917.

1917 was a year of great upheaval. The events of 1917 not only changed the history of our state, but also of all humanity. This is a very complex and controversial page in the history of our country.

Slide No. 2

Speaker #1. Once upon a time, Russia was a huge country, not just a country, but an empire, because it united the lands of not only modern Russia, but also Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Poland, Finland and many other countries. And, although it was called Russia, there were very, very many peoples living in it, besides the Russians - not dozens, but hundreds!

And the tsar ruled this country, because for a long time it had a political system - autocracy, when all power was in the hands of one person - the tsar, the autocrat.

So, not everyone in this country lived equally well.

Slide number 3

Teacher's word: The great Russian writer Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov wrote about the events of February 1917: “Shortly before the revolution, soldiers of World War I went on the attack with the words “For the Faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland.” Most people considered the emperor to be God's anointed, a mediator between God and them. In February 1917, the tsar was forced to abdicate power, and there was no one to protect him. Why did it happen?"

What do you think we should find out during the event?

Today you and I have to travel back a hundred years, reincarnate as representatives of different groups of the population of our great Motherland and understand why they rebelled and what feelings each of them experienced at this turning point.

Open the envelopes that are on your tables and find out who you are about to transform into.

Introduce youreself.

(One representative announces the name of his group. A sign with the name is placed instead of a number. Slide No. 3 is broadcast on the screen)

Instructions for group work: On the tables of each group there are envelopes with assignments (Appendix 1). Now you have to open the envelopes, work on the assignments, compiling the text of the speech from the answers to the questions, which should begin with the words “We, peasants...”, “We, soldiers...”, “We, the intelligentsia...”, “We, members of the royal family...” , “We, the workers...” and “We, the nobles...”.

The groups open the envelopes, get acquainted with the materials, answer questions and prepare their presentation.

So, you have become acquainted with excerpts from the works of Russian writers and the memories of contemporaries about the Great Revolution of 1917. On behalf of the part of the population that the group represented, speak out about your attitude towards the revolution.

Speeches by group representatives.

(Against the background of the performances, slides No. 4 - 9 are shown, where 5 scenes from the life of each of the presented groups are automatically broadcast in succession.)

Teacher's word. So, you and I saw that at that time in the Russian Empire the nobles, who lived in luxury in palaces, drank and ate on gold, had fun at balls, hunted and had fun for their own pleasure... and there were poor peasants, artisans, workers who they had to work hard to somehow feed their large families.

Speaker #2 In Russia there have always been thoughtful, educated people who considered this state of affairs unfair and wanted the people to live better; so that all children can study in schools, and not just the children of nobles and landowners; so that the working day becomes a little shorter - not 14 hours, but 8 or 10; so that all Russian citizens have equal rights.

People who wanted to give the people equal rights were called revolutionaries.

In 1914, the First World War began. It lasted a long time. Soldiers died in the trenches, and people's discontent grew. Not only the people were dissatisfied, but also the rich, and the military, and students, and ... almost everyone was dissatisfied with something. And no matter how much the government changed, things didn’t get better. The Tsar abdicated the throne, and the Provisional Government began to rule. The revolutionaries could return to the country, many bans were lifted, but there was no improvement! Bread became more and more expensive, soldiers fled from the front and did not want to die in the war “for the capitalists”, the peasants wanted to own the land - by working on it, they hoped to pay off their debts and not starve anymore.

Speaker #3. The revolutionaries, led by Lenin, were preparing an armed uprising, and on October 25, and according to the new calendar - November 7, they captured the train stations and power plant, telephone, telegraph, bridges and banks of the city of Petrograd. The government in the Winter Palace was arrested.

The Bolsheviks told the tired soldiers: “Soldiers, come home, stop sitting in the trenches, drive out your capitalist masters!” They said: “Peace to the peoples, land to the peasants, factories to the workers!” This was understandable for the people, many of whom were illiterate, lived in poverty, were hungry, and tried meat for the first time in the army. These were understandable to ordinary people who had no rights, knew nothing about the laws, and saw a different, bright, clean, well-fed life from afar.

For the sake of such a life for themselves and their children, millions of people followed the Bolsheviks - to fight, build, kill those who disagree.

Later, the Bolsheviks arrested the Tsar and the entire royal family, and then they were all taken away and killed - even the children, who had done nothing wrong to anyone. A villainous act.

Thus, on November 7, 1917, an armed uprising took place in Petrograd. It ended with the proclamation of Soviet power, which existed in our country for more than seventy years.

(During performances, the teacher changes the signs on the tables with hats of different colors)

Teacher's word. Thank you, guys, for an interesting story about this important event, which changed the course of history and decided the fate of not only individual people, but the entire people as a whole, the entire world history.

3. Reflection

You have already noticed that instead of signs, multi-colored hats appeared on the tables. You and I will have to evaluate the event from different angles. Each “hat” has its own meaning.

(The meaning of hats is displayed on slide No. 10)

“White hat” - students working in this group must objectively list the main historical, new information, and main facts.
“Red Hat” - students must express their feelings and emotions about events in any form they choose.
“Black Hat” - the group highlights the negative consequences of the historical events studied.
“Yellow Hat” – students generalize everything positive.
“Green Hat” - the group must present the results of what they have studied in any original, creative form.
“Blue hat” – formulates general conclusions and reflective thoughts.

Group performances are no more than 1 minute.

The teacher thanks the groups for their work.

4. Final stage.

The Great Revolution of 1917 was the hope of many people that they would study, they would be protected by the law, they would be fed if they worked. The Soviet government, the Bolshevik government, promised them this, but their hopes were not always justified.

I would like to end our event with the words of the poet Valery Yakovlevich. Bryusova ( the teacher himself reads to the sounds of “Symphony No. 12” by D. Shostakovich):

"Revolution"

What is a revolution? - Storm,
Hurricane uprooting
Centennial cedars,
Refreshing bowels
By the mountain air,
A hurricane that revives everything,
A storm that destroys many things!
God. hosts,
What, eyebrows furrowed,
Expanses of forests
For new seeds,
For the future crops
Clears the lips of the almighty with the breath!
Revolution is a storm. She
Over the ocean
Flies like a hurricane
Scattering the waters to the bottom,
And grief
To the courts,
Caught at sea!
There
A huge dreadnought and an insignificant boat
Equally fragile
There
The graves are open for thousands,
No one there
Doesn't foresee fate: everyone is blind!
What
Our puny forces
Before the will of the elements!
Revolution is a storm...

Extracurricular event dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the February Revolution

The hymn “God Save the Tsar!” is played.

The reader comes out: Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Prediction” (excerpt)

The year will come, Russia's black year,
When the kings crown falls;
The mob will forget their former love for them,
And the food of many will be death and blood...

Waltz “Amur Waves” (3 pairs)

Dancing couples freeze in goodbye (remain on stage)

The presenters come out.

Presenter 1: The brilliant balls and measured lifestyle of the elite of Russian society were interrupted by the First World War, which turned into an unprecedented catastrophe for our country.

The couples leave.

Presenter 2: At the beginning of the war in 1914, the air was saturated with inspired, patriotic thoughts and a feeling of unity between the authorities and the people. The soldiers went on the attack with the words “For the Faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland!”

On the slides are photos of the first days of the war.

Performance of a romance by Sofia Gorchakova (clip from the film “Hero”)

Reader 1

The Petrograd sky was clouded with rain,

The train was leaving for the war.

Without end - platoon after platoon and bayonet after bayonet

Filled the car behind the car.

On this train a thousand lives bloomed

The pain of separation, the anxiety of love,

Strength, youth, hope... In the sunset distance

There were smoky clouds in the blood.

Reader 2.

And, sitting down, they sang Varyag alone,

And others are not in tune - Ermak,

And they shouted hurray and they joked,

And the hand quietly crossed itself.

Reader 3

Suddenly a falling leaf flew up in the wind,

Swinging, the lantern began to blink,

And under the black cloud a cheerful bugler

The departure signal began to play.

And the horn cried with military glory,

Filling my heart with anxiety.

Reader 4

Don't save me, dear,
In a fatal battle,
You keep without leaving,
My homeland.
Give her glory, give her strength -
Here is my prayer.
I'll go to my grave without a murmur
I'll lie down if it's fate.

Watch the video (5:49)

Photos from 1916 - early 1917

Presenter 1: At the beginning of 1917, the situation in the country became explosive. Defeats on the fronts, rising prices, government miscalculations, and criticism of the tsar led Russia to the inevitable - the idea of overthrowing the monarchy.

Reader:

A. Blok

Those born in the year are deaf

They don’t remember their own paths.

We are children of the terrible years of Russia -

I can't forget anything.

Sizzling years!

Is there madness in you, is there hope?

From the days of war, from the days of freedom -

There is a bloody glow in the faces.

There is muteness - then the sound of the alarm

He forced me to stop my mouth.

In hearts that were once delighted,

There is a fatal emptiness.

And let over our deathbed

The crow will screech, -

Those who are more worthy, God, God,

Let them see your kingdom!

Presenter 1: Petrograd was buzzing. There was not enough food, city residents destroyed shops and stores. On February 18, a strike began at the Putilov plant, workers demanded higher wages. The administration refused, and more than 30 thousand workers were fired. This became the reason for mass protests.

Demonstrations with slogans: “Bread!”, “Bring back your husbands!”

Presenter 2nd : On February 23, a column of demonstrators was led by women who demanded bread and the return of men from the front.

Demonstrations with slogans: “Down with the monarchy!”, “Down with war!”

Presenter 1: On February 25, economic strikes developed into a general political strike, held under the slogans “Down with tsarism!”, “Down with war!” More than 300 thousand people took part in it.

Demonstrators leave

Presenter 2: Emperor NicholasIIsent a telegram from Headquarters in Mogilev: “I command you to stop the riots in the capital tomorrow!”

Scene . Nikolay II sitting at his desk reading (with a thoughtful expression on his face, a slow, confused voice) a telegram from the Chairman of the State Duma M.V. Rodzianko

“The situation is serious. There is anarchy in the capital. The government is paralyzed (pause) There is indiscriminate shooting in the streets. It is necessary to entrust a person enjoying the confidence of the country to form a new government. We must not hesitate... I pray to God that at this hour the responsibility does not fall on the crown bearer... Answer (writes): “I command the State Duma to be dissolved!”

The anthem “Working Marseillaise” sounds (0:53)

Presenter 1: February 27. The rebels captured the Arsenal, train stations, the most important government institutions, and freed political and criminal prisoners from prisons. We took possession of the Winter Palace.

Presenter 2: 28th of February. The Admiralty fell. The Tsar's ministers were arrested.

Reader 1.

Revolution is the roar of the streets,it is the tramp of crowds read aloud.Only in a revolution can you face bullets,winnowing them away with my breasts like fluff.

Reader 2.

Revolution is souls wide open! The heart has knocked down all the grievances, and into empty ribs, no matter how blinding your eyes are, the sky is filled with lumps of blue.

Reader 3.

Revolution is a holiday for the idle, To those who were out of work - hello: only in the revolution for the cause of execution, There are no executions for idleness!

Presenter 1: February 28 NikolayIIleft headquarters for Tsarskoe Selo, on the night of March 1 he was informed that the railway tracks were occupied by rebel troops.

Presenter 2: “The situation apparently does not allow for any other solution,” the high military command responded to the question about Nicholas’s abdicationII. The Emperor was shocked. On March 2, he signed an act of abdication in favor of his brother Mikhail.

On the slide there is a distribution of newspapers with news about Nicholas’s abdication II

Wide wide, wide open
Royal Doors!
The blackness faded away, subsided.
Pure heat
The altar is burning.
- Christ is Risen,
Yesterday's king!

Fell without glory
Double headed eagle.
- Tsar! - You were wrong.
Will be remembered by posterity
More than once again -
Byzantine treachery
Your clear eyes.

Your judges -
Thunderstorm and storm!
Tsar! Not people -
God has sought you.

Presenter 1st : On March 3, Mikhail abdicated the throne and declared that the fate of the country should be decided by the Constituent Assembly.

Presenter 2: The monarchy has fallen. NikolayIIand his family were initially under arrest in Tsarskoe Selo; in August 1917 they were sent into exile in Tobolsk. A dual power was established in the country: the Provisional Government headed by Prince Lvov and the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.

Reader .

A mighty power, a boundless ocean!Glory to the freedom fighters who dispelled the fog!Long live Russia, a free country!The free element is destined to be great!Forests, fields, and fields, and steppes, and seas,We are free and happy, the dawn is burning for us all!Long live Russia, a free country!The free element is destined to be great!

Presenter 1: However, the end of the February Revolution and the abdication of the Tsar did not mark the end of the tragic events in Russia.

Presenter 2nd. New shocks awaited Russia - the October Revolution, a bloody civil war.

Song "Prayer of the Royal Family"

9th grade students stand on stage with candles.

Presenter 1. Our event was honored by the presence of the rector of the Church of the Intercession in the village of Atyuryevo, Archpriest Father Sergius. We give him the floor.

Speech by Father Sergius

Presenter 2 . Our event has come to an end. Thank you for your attention!

Ministry of Education and Science of the Kaluga Region

State budgetary professional

educational institution of the Kaluga region

"Kaluga Cadet Multidisciplinary College"

METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EVENTS DEDICATED

100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 1917 REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA

Developed by:

I.V. Sergeeva, teacher of Russian language and literature,

I.D. Anisimova, history teacher

Kaluga, 2017

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Methodological development dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution1917,contains recommendations and material for conductingfollowing events:

extracurricular open historical and literary event “100 years of the October Revolution”,

quiz, dedicated100 - anniversary of the October Socialist Revolutionyucia,

conversation with students “Personalities in history. View fromXXIcentury."

Event dataintended forstudentsKaluga Cadet Multidisciplinarytechnical CollegeA.

The study of the October Revolution has not lost its relevance today, since it is directly related to the solution of one of the most pressing problems of our time - the problem of war and peace. The summarized materials contribute to the study and objective assessment of complex and controversial pages of the history of our Fatherland, and the preservation of historical memory about the events and people of those years. The modern policy of our state is aimed at increasing the level of moral and patriotic education of young people. The order of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin dated December 19, 2016 N 412-rp “On the preparation and holding of events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the 1917 revolution in Russia” provides recommendations for the preparation and holding of anniversary events.

Purpose of these events isensuring students’ understanding of the events of the Great Russian Revolution.To achieve the goal, the following must be completed:tasks :

creating conditions for the education of a creative, free, socially and professionally competent personality, adaptive and adequate at the individual, personal, professional and social levels, capable of living in harmony with oneself and having a positive attitude towards the world around us;

creation of an educational environment that promotes the formation of students' civic responsibility, spirituality, culture, initiative, independence, tolerance, and the ability for successful socialization in society

The events of 1917 have deep roots in the history of the Russian state. A comprehensive and objective study of the October Revolution of 1917 helps to understand the tragedy of the split of society into opposing sides, and to understand the importance for Russia of strong state power, supported by all segments of the country's population.

SCENARIOHISTORICAL AND LITERARY EVENT "100 YEARS OF THE 1917 REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA»

Music sounds (Collection of revolutionary songs)

Slide 1

“Varshavyanka” sounds like background

Presenter 3(behind the scenes): I'm overgrown with memories

As the wasteland is overgrown with forest,

And the memory birds sing in the morning,

And the wind-memory hums at night,

Memory trees babble all day long...

But in my memory such power is hidden,

What returns images and multiplies...

It makes noise without stopping, memory is rain,

And memory-snow flies and cannot fall... (D. Samoilov)

CLIP “History Tape”

Presenter 1: For more than 70 years, the anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution was the main holiday of the Soviet Union. Throughout the Soviet era, November 7 was a “red day of the calendar.”

Presenter 2: This day cannot be erased from the history of Russia, since the uprising in Petrograd on October 25 - 26 (November 7 - 8 in a new style) led not only to the overthrow of the bourgeois Provisional Government, but also predetermined the entire further development of both Russia and many other states of the planet . How did it all happen?

Leading 1 : The Bolsheviks headed for an armed uprising in August 1917. Events developed rapidly. On October 16, the Bolshevik Central Committee decided to prepare an uprising. At 10 a.m. on October 25, the Military Revolutionary Committee issued an appeal in which it announced that all “state power had passed into the hands of the body of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies.” At 21:00, a blank shot from the Baltic Fleet cruiser Aurora signaled the start of the assault on the Winter Palace, and at 2 a.m. on October 26, the Provisional Government was arrested.

CLIP “Aurora Salvo”

Presenter 3 (behind the scenes): The triumphant march of Soviet power across the country began.

SONG “BRAVELY, COMRADES, KEEP IN FOOT” (Words and music Leonid Radin)

Simultaneously with the song - video

Slide 2

Leading 2 : The theme of revolution could not help but sound in the works of poets and prose writers of the Silver Age. The attitude towards the revolutionary events of 1917 was ambiguous and contradictory.Mayakovsky was enthusiastic about the revolution.

"Ode to the Revolution"

You,

Booed

Laughed at by batteries

You,

Ulcerated by the slander of bayonets,

I exalt with enthusiasm

Over the swearing rheema

Odes solemn

"ABOUT!"

Oh, bestial!

Oh, children's!

Oh, cheap!

Oh, great one!

What other name did you have?

How else will you turn around, two-faced?

Slide 3

Leading 1 : But the writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin had a sharply negative attitude towards the revolution.

Stop, sun!

The flashing knitting needles fly and shine,

I'm sad and trembling,

And all forward from a flying chariot,

And I keep looking ahead.

What's ahead? Cliff, failure, abyss,

Bloody trail of dawn?

Oh, if only for the power and the imperious cry of Navin:

“Stop, sun! Stop, freeze!

Leading 2 : Bunin experienced the tragedy of the Russian people to the point of pain in his heart. He expressed his hatred of the Bolsheviks in his diary “Cursed Days.” The writer was also accused of hatred of Russia. In “Cursed Days” he writes: “There are two types among the people. In one, Rus' predominates, in the other, Chud and Merya. But in both there is a terrible changeability of moods, appearances, “unsteadiness,” as they said in the old days. The people themselves said to themselves: “From us, like from wood, there is both a club and an icon,” depending on the circumstances, on who processes this wood, Sergius of Radonezh or Emelyan Pugachev. If I hadn’t loved this “icon”, this Rus', hadn’t seen it, why would I have gone so crazy all these years, why have I suffered so continuously, so fiercely?”

Slide 4

Presenter 1: The writer Maxim Gorky perceived the October Revolution ambiguously. In his pre-revolutionary works, he expressively reproduced the dark sides of Russian life: peasant savagery, bourgeois indifferent satiety, unlimited arbitrariness of power. He tried (albeit not very convincingly) to find a force capable of resisting this life, first among the rebels - tramps, then among the revolutionary proletariat.

Presenter 2: And then came Untimely Thoughts. In this book, Gorky appears as an exposer of the revolution, Soviet power, a predictor of future national disasters, because... There was a clash of ideals, in the name of which Gorky called for revolution. “Our revolution gave full play to all the bad and brutal instincts that had accumulated under the lead roof of the monarchy, and, at the same time, it threw aside all the intellectual forces of democracy, all the moral energy of the country... the main moral goal of the revolution is to turn yesterday’s slave into personality. But in reality, the October revolution provoked the release of the darkest, basest – zoological instincts. And if initially I tried to perceive the revolution as retribution to the former ruling class, now I believe that we must experience painful and severe retribution for the sins of the past - for our Asian, for this passivity with which we tolerated violence against us.

Slide 5

Leading 1 : The revolution divided poets and prose writers not according to the degree of talent, but according to their ideological orientation. The intelligentsia of the entire Russian people were placed on opposite sides of the barricades, even families. The young Soviet country was surrounded by fronts

“Varshavyanka” sounds like background

Reader: We were led by youth

On a saber march,

Our youth abandoned us

On the Kronstadt ice.

War horses

They carried us away

On a wide area

They killed us.

But the blood is feverish

We rose

But the eyes are blind

We opened it.

A commonwealth arises

Crow with a fighter -

Be strong, courage,

Steel and lead.

So that the earth is harsh

Bleeding out

So that youth is new

It rose from the bones.(E Bagritsky)

SONG " HOW MY DEAR MOTHER SEEKED ME AWAY..." ( Music: D. Vasiliev-Buglai Lyrics: Demyan Bedny)

Leading 2 : We will never know what would have happened to Russia if the October Revolution had not happened. But we know what the communists, Marxists, Trotskyists, Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries, Bolsheviks and others brought to Russia. Yes, there were different people among them. There were disputes between them, there was a struggle, they faced difficult tasks, they had many enemies - internal and external.

Leading 1 : As a result, a lot of blood was shed, many people suffered who should not have suffered. Unfortunately, revolution and violence are inseparable. In response to the White Terror, the Bolsheviks did not remain silent. On the night of July 16-17, 1918 in Yekaterinburg, in the Ipatiev house, the royal family was destroyed, as well as Doctor Botkin and the servants in the house.

SONG “PRAYER OF THE ROYAL FAMILY” (author – Yulia Slavyanskaya)

Simultaneously with the song - slide show

Leading 2 : History does not tolerate vanity,

Her folk path is difficult.

Its pages, drenched in blood,

You can't love with thoughtless love

And it is impossible not to love without memory. (Ya.V. Smelyakov)

CLIP LENIN

Leading 1 : The Great October Revolution was victorious. On November 7 we celebrate the 100th anniversary of this date. Time will decide who is wrong and who is right. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin said: “Russia has a great history and an equally great future.” So let's not forget the lessons of the past.

“Varshavyanka” sounds, all participants in the composition go on stage.

CONVERSATION WITH STUDENTS

“PERSONALITIES IN HISTORY. VIEW FROM XXI CENTURY"

The October Revolution of 1917 took place on October 25 according to the old style or November 7 according to the new style. The initiator, ideologist and main protagonist of the revolution was the Bolshevik Party - the Russian Social Democratic Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (party pseudonym Lenin) and Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Trotsky). As a result, power changed in Russia. Instead of a bourgeois government, the country was led by a proletarian government. The Bolsheviks put forward slogans"Power to the Soviets", "Peace to the Nations", "Land to the peasants", "Factory to workers."

The goals of the October Revolution of 1917 were:

Building a more just society than the capitalist one;

Eradicating the exploitation of man by man;

Equality of people in rights and responsibilities;

Fight against wars;

World socialist revolution.

It should be noted that the goals were achieved. The Bolsheviks won and the dictatorship of the proletariat was established. The results of the revolution were comprehended and rethought within a century after its completion. But all historians are unanimous on one thing: the Great October Socialist Revolution is the main eventXXcentury, it influenced the subsequent course of events in world history.

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin)

Outstanding representatives of the Marxist movement in Russia were V.I. Lenin. Lenin's emergence as a Marxist was facilitated by the exacerbation of class contradictions in Russia on the basis of the rapid development of capitalism, the growth of the labor movement, the further stratification of the peasantry, the crisis of populism, the conquest of Marxist ideology in the dominant position in the Western European labor movement, the beginning of its spread in our country and the first attempts to apply Marxism to the Russian activities carried out by the Liberation of Labor group. Lenin's whole life is closely connected with the events that took place in Russia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.

1887 - graduated from high school brilliantly and entered the law faculty of Kazan University

In 1888 he joined one of Fedoseev’s Marxist circles. Here he intensively studies the works of K. Marx and F. Engels and unconditionally takes the position of Marxism.

1891 – passed exams as an external student for a course at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University, worked in Samara as an assistant to a sworn attorney.

1893 - moved to St. Petersburg and two years later united the scattered St. Petersburg Marxist and workers’ circles “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class.”

1895 - arrested and in 1897 exiled to Siberia (Shushenskoye village).

1900 - Lenin went abroad, where, together with G.V. Plekhanov, he began to publish the newspaper “Iskra”, to develop the ideological and organizational foundations of the future Bolshevik party (works “What to do” 1902; “One step forward, two steps back” 1904) , the final formalization of which took place at the second congress of the RSDLP in 1903.

In November 1905, Lenin returned to Russia, took part in the revolution of 1905-1907, and participated in the work of the 4th (1906) and 5th (1907) Bolshevik congresses. After the defeat of the revolution, he emigrated a second time. Lived in France, Austria, Germany, Switzerland. During the First World War, he advocated the defeat of the tsarist government and put forward the slogan of turning the imperialist war into a civil war.

After the victory of the February Revolution, Lenin arrived in Petrograd on April 3, 1917 and put forward two slogans: “No support for the Provisional Government” and “All power to the Soviets!” (“April Theses”). On the night of October 24-25, he led an armed uprising, after the victory of which he headed the first Soviet government (until 1924).

On March 3, 1918, at Lenin’s suggestion, the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty was signed with Germany, which made it possible to begin state building and the fight against internal counter-revolution (the Civil War and the “Red Terror”).

On March 11, 1918, the capital of Soviet Russia was moved to Moscow.

On August 30, 1918, Lenin was seriously wounded by the Socialist Revolutionary F. Kaplan; Having recovered from his wound, he returned to active political and government activities: in the fall of 1918 he headed the Defense Council (from 1920 the Council of Labor and Defense), initiated the creation of the Communist International (1919), developed a plan for the construction of socialism, which provided for the industrialization of the country, the cooperation of the peasantry, and the cultural revolution ; approved the electrification project (GOELRO) and contributed to its implementation.

1921 - took the initiative to transition to a new economic policy.

1922 – unification of the republics of the former territories of the Russian Empire.

1923 - Lenin became Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

01/21/1924 - Lenin died in Gorki near Moscow.

IN AND. Ulyanov was a purposeful, educated (knew several languages) person, a good speaker and had the talent to convince and lead the masses. He was a professional revolutionary, thinker, publicist, and lawyer.

The execution of his elder brother Alexander in 1887 for his participation in preparing an assassination attempt on the Tsar forced Vladimir Ilyich to think deeply about ways to fight the autocracy.

Lenin's theoretical and practical activities were aimed at creating a Marxist party in Russia, overthrowing the autocracy and establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat, and as the ultimate goal - building a communist society according to the principle "from each according to his ability to each according to his need."

He achieved his goals in all possible ways, such as: propaganda, public speaking, agitation, publishing revolutionary newspapers, writing articles and books, participating in and creating political parties, etc. While in exile, exile and prison, he wrote many works on the development of Marxist ideas in Russian conditions. In these works, he wrote about the tasks facing the party and the people, and considered ways to achieve the goal set for the revolutionaries. The Leninist Party called on workers to fight for their rights.

After the February Revolution, Lenin began a broad campaign to discredit the Provisional Government. Lenin outlined his policy of peaceful transition to power in the April Theses. But the actions developed so rapidly that in August a decision was made to change the Bolshevik tactics and move to an armed seizure of power.

And as a result of revolutionary activity, on October 25, 1917, the Bolsheviks came to power, and Lenin became the head of the world's first socialist state. The head of state signs decrees on peace, land, and power.

All of Lenin’s further activities as head of state were aimed at restoring the national economy destroyed after the war, eliminating illiteracy among the population and fighting the “enemies” of the revolution.

One of the most important events during Lenin’s reign was the unification of the Soviet republics in 1922 into a single state - the USSR.

In my opinion, it is impossible to evaluate Lenin with a “+” or “-” sign. Even 20 years ago, the majority of the population of our country spoke of him in superlatives. But immediately after the collapse of the USSR and the beginning of perestroika, we, adhering to the Bolshevik rules of “destroying everything to the ground,” began to criticize everything that happened in the country for 70 years, including Lenin, as an integral part of the Communist Party, elevated to the rank of idol . Russia is famous for its extremes, although it is known what the break with the past leads to. However, it can undoubtedly be said that Lenin was an extraordinary person, whose ideas and plans led to the revolution and the formation of a socialist state, which determined the further course of Russian history for 70 years, and probably influenced the history of the whole world. It is impossible to unambiguously assess Lenin’s activities, for example, on the one hand, in 1919, the decree “On the Elimination of Illiteracy among the Population of the RSFSR” was issued and the construction of schools began, and on the other hand, in 1922, the Soviet government expelled 160 of the largest Russian scientists and philosophers from the country . Against the backdrop of the creation of social protection for the population, there is the most severe censorship and dictatorship of the ruling party.

Perhaps after some time, when passions about criticism of the Soviet era have subsided, people will more impartially evaluate this person based on documents and the chronology of events.

Emperor Nicholas of Russia II

Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, their children and associates were shot on the night of July 16-17, 1918 in Yekaterinburg in the basement of the house of mining engineer Nikolai Ipatiev.

On the night of July 16-17, 1918 in the city of Yekaterinburg, in the basement of the house of mining engineer Nikolai Ipatiev, Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, their children - Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, heir Tsarevich Alexei, as well as a physician Evgeny Botkin, valet Alexey Trupp, room girl Anna Demidova and cook Ivan Kharitonov.

Due to the concealment of facts by the Bolsheviks, a number of alternative versions appear. For a long time there were rumors that turned the murder of the royal family into a legend. There were theories that one of his children escaped. What really happened in the summer of 1918 near Yekaterinburg? You will find the answer to this question in our article. Background Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century was one of the most economically developed countries in the world. Nikolai Alexandrovich, who came to power, turned out to be a meek and noble man. In spirit he was not an autocrat, but an officer. Therefore, with his views on life, it was difficult to manage the crumbling state. The revolution of 1905 showed the insolvency of the government and its isolation from the people. In fact, there were two powers in the country. The official one is the emperor, and the real one is officials, nobles and landowners. It was the latter who, with their greed, licentiousness and short-sightedness, destroyed the once great power. Strikes and rallies, demonstrations and bread riots, famine. All this indicated decline. The only way out could be the accession to the throne of an imperious and tough ruler who could take complete control of the country. Nicholas II was not like that. It was focused on building railways, churches, improving the economy and culture in society. He managed to make progress in these areas. But positive changes affected mainly only the top of society, while the majority of ordinary residents remained at the level of the Middle Ages. Splinters, wells, carts and everyday life of peasants and craftsmen. After the entry of the Russian Empire into the First World War, the discontent of the people only intensified. The execution of the royal family became the apotheosis of general madness. After the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and his brother from the throne, soldiers, workers and peasants began to take the leading roles in the state. People who have not previously dealt with management, who have a minimal level of culture and superficial judgments, gain power. Small local commissars wanted to curry favor with the higher ranks. The rank and file and junior officers simply mindlessly followed orders. The troubled times that ensued during these turbulent years brought unfavorable elements to the surface. The execution of the royal family still remains an unsolved mystery of Russian history. Responsibility for this atrocity may lie both with Lenin and Sverdlov, for whom the Urals Soviet simply provided an alibi, and directly with the Siberian revolutionaries, who succumbed to general panic and lost their heads in wartime conditions. However, immediately after the atrocity, the government began a campaign to whiten its reputation. Among researchers studying this period, the latest actions are called a “disinformation campaign.” The death of the royal family was proclaimed the only necessary measure. Since, judging by the ordered Bolshevik articles, a counter-revolutionary conspiracy was uncovered. Some white officers planned to attack the Ipatiev mansion and free the emperor and his family. The second point, which was furiously hidden for many years, was that eleven people were shot. The Emperor, his wife, five children and four servants. The events of the crime were not disclosed for several years. Official recognition was given only in 1925. This decision was prompted by the publication of a book in Western Europe that outlined the results of Sokolov’s investigation. Then Bykov is instructed to write about “the current course of events.” This brochure was published in Sverdlovsk in 1926. However, the lies of the Bolsheviks at the international level, as well as hiding the truth from the common people, shook faith in power.

Questions for students:

When history is made, do you think one person's life matters?

Can any end justify the means?

Is the manifestation of revolutionary cruelty and class hatred a forced necessity or a pattern? Can this be justified?

Of course, history “thinks” in certain categories, studying the fate of nations, millions of people. Literature explores the fate of one person against the backdrop of events of a specific time. Historical science analyzes complex contradictory processes in society, which are both subjective and objective in nature, and literature, like any other form of art, studies primarily the “life of the spirit and soul,” the inner life of a person. This fundamental difference needs to be understood.

Certain prerequisites have developed for the emergence of a revolutionary situation in Russia. The revolution took place and was ultimately victorious. This is a historical objective reality that we must accept. But we must not forget about the tragic phenomena that accompanied this process.

There are fundamentally opposite assessments of the October Revolution: from perceiving it as a national tragedy to realizing it as the greatest progressive event in the history of mankind, which had a huge impact on the whole world, and allowed Russia to choose a non-capitalist path of development.

It is impossible to approach the assessment of the past from categorical, unambiguous positions. History must be accepted, respected and known. Knowledge helps to better understand historical processes and avoid repeating mistakes in the future.

QUIZ DEDICATED to

100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 1917 REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA

Conditions quizzes: studentsmust complete the assigned tasks and submit answershistory teacher.The first group to submit answers receives + 1 point to the result obtained.

What event happened on this day?

Who carried out the general leadership of the armed uprising

Who led all the actions of the rebels

What was the signal for the storming of the Winter Palace?

Armed forces of the proletariat during the October Revolution?

It is known what was done with historical monuments after the October Revolution. But even before her, one famous emperor wanted to destroy the TempleSt. Basil's in Moscow. TOwas that it?

What largest state was formed instead of the Russian Empire?

What war started as a result of the revolution?

The first decree of Soviet power.

The highest body of state power in Russia after the October Revolution?

Indicate the most popular slogan in Russian society in October 1917.

What is the difference between the February Revolution and the October Revolution?

ANSWERS TO QUIZ QUESTIONS,

DEDICATED TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1917 IN RUSSIA

On November 7, Russia celebrates a memorable date - the Day of the October Revolution of 1917.

This day was celebrated in the USSR as the main holiday of the country - the Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution.

The general leadership of the uprising was carried out by V.I. Lenin from Smolny.

All actions of the rebels were directly led by L.D. Trotsky.

Idleshot from the cruiser Aurora.

KrasnaI'm a guard.

Napoleon.

A military parade on Red Square, for which the entrances to the main square of the capital were specially reconstructed. This canon was strictly observed, and even November 7, 1941, when the Germans were advancing on Moscow, was no exception: the regiments that marched through Red Square went straight to the front. The 1941 parade in terms of its influence on the course of events is equal to the most important military operation.

USSR.

Civil War.

John Reed.

Peace Decree.

All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.

All power to the Soviets.

Unlike the February Revolution of 1917, which began spontaneously, the new uprising is moreevikov was carefully planned.As a result of armedThe uprising in Petrograd on the night of October 25-26, 1917 in Russia begins the period of rule of the Bolshevik Party.The Soviet government was created - the Council of People's Commissars.

LIST OF INFORMATION SOURCES

Berdyaev N.A. Spirits of the Russian Revolution. M. 1992

Berdyaev N.A. Reflections on the Russian Revolution. M. 1992

Bunin I.A.. Damned days. M., 1991

Gorky M. Untimely thoughts. Magazine “Literature at School” No. 1, 1991

Mayakovsky V.V. Works in two volumes, M.: Pravda, 1987 royal family

Teacher:

The reader comes out:

When the kings crown falls;

Teacher:

Waltz “Amur Waves” (3 pairs)

Dancing couples freeze in goodbye (remain on stage)

The presenters come out.

Presenter 1: The brilliant balls and measured lifestyle of the elite of Russian society were interrupted by the First World War, which turned into an unprecedented catastrophe for our country.

The couples leave.

On the slides are photos of the first days of the war.

Reader 1.

The Petrograd sky was clouded with rain,

The train was leaving for the war.

Without end - platoon after platoon and bayonet after bayonet

Filled the car behind the car.

On this train a thousand lives bloomed

The pain of separation, the anxiety of love,

Strength, youth, hope... In the sunset distance

There were smoky clouds in the blood.

Reader 2.

And, sitting down, they sang Varyag alone,

And others are not in tune - Ermak,

And they shouted hurray and they joked,

And the hand quietly crossed itself.

Suddenly a falling leaf flew up in the wind,

Swinging, the lantern began to blink,

And under the black cloud a cheerful bugler

The departure signal began to play.

And the horn cried with military glory,

Filling my heart with anxiety.

Reader 3.

Don't save me, dear,
In a fatal battle,
You keep without leaving,
My homeland.
Give her glory, give her strength -
Here is my prayer.
I'll go to my grave without a murmur
I'll lie down if it's fate.

Watch the video (5:49)

Photos from 1916 - early 1917

Reader:

A. Blok

Those born in the year are deaf

They don’t remember their own paths.

We are children of the terrible years of Russia -

I can't forget anything.

Sizzling years!

Is there madness in you, is there hope?

From the days of war, from the days of freedom -

There is a bloody glow in the faces.

There is muteness - then the sound of the alarm

He forced me to stop my mouth.

In hearts that were once delighted,

There is a fatal emptiness.

And let over our deathbed

The crow will screech, -

Those who are more worthy, God, God,

Let them see your kingdom!

First presenter: The spark in the keg of gunpowder was just a three-day shortage of black bread in Petrograd. Only with black - white, a little more expensive, lay freely. There were also objective reasons for this - snow drifts that prevented the delivery of flour. Rumors began to spread; that ration cards would be introduced for bread, and the shortage immediately worsened: they began to buy bread for crackers. An increasing number of people who stood behind the “tail” - that is, the queue, which already outraged the Russians of that time - were left empty-handed.

Reader 1.

Revolution is the roar of the streets,
it is the tramp of crowds read aloud.
Only in a revolution can you face bullets,
winnowing them away with my breasts like fluff.

Revolution is souls wide open!
The heart has knocked down all the grievances,
and into empty ribs, no matter how blinding your eyes are,
the sky is filled with lumps of blue.

Revolution is a holiday for the idle,
To those who were out of work - hello:
only in the revolution for the cause of execution,
There are no executions for idleness!

Presenter 1: On February 28, Nicholas II left headquarters for the Tsar’s village; on the night of March 1, he was informed that the railway tracks were occupied by rebel troops.

Presenter 2:“The situation apparently does not allow for any other solution,” the high military command responded to the question about the abdication of Nicholas II. The Emperor was shocked.

First presenter: March 2, night - Nicholas II signed a manifesto on the granting of a responsible ministry, but it was too late. The public demanded abdication.

Second presenter: On March 2, at about 3 p.m., Tsar Nicholas II decided to abdicate the throne in favor of his heir, Tsarevich Alexei, under the regency of the younger brother of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich. During the day, the king decided to renounce his heir as well.

He signed an act of abdication in favor of his brother Mikhail.

The slide shows the distribution of newspapers with news about the abdication of Nicholas II

Reader.

Wide wide, wide open
Royal Doors!
The blackness faded away, subsided.
Pure heat
The altar is burning.
- Christ is Risen,
Yesterday's king!

Fell without glory
Double headed eagle.
- Tsar! - You were wrong.
Will be remembered by posterity
More than once again -
Byzantine treachery
Your clear eyes.

Your judges -
Thunderstorm and storm!
Tsar! Not people -
God has sought you.

Presenter 1st: On March 3, Mikhail abdicated the throne and declared that the fate of the country should be decided by the Constituent Assembly.

Presenter 2: The monarchy has fallen. Nicholas II and his family were initially under arrest in Tsarskoe Selo, and in August 1917 they were sent into exile in Tobolsk. A dual power was established in the country: the Provisional Government headed by Prince Lvov and the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.

Reader.

A mighty power, a boundless ocean!
Glory to the freedom fighters who dispelled the fog!
Long live Russia, a free country!
The free element is destined to be great!
Forests, fields, and fields, and steppes, and seas,
We are free and happy, the dawn is burning for us all!
Long live Russia, a free country!
The free element is destined to be great!

Reader.

Extracurricular event dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the February Revolution

Teacher: Good afternoon, dear colleagues, students, guests! We are pleased to welcome you to our event dedicated to a memorable date in Russian history - the 100th anniversary of the February Revolution. The year 1917 was a turning point in the fate of Russia. The people, driven to despair, took up arms and put an end to the autocracy. Within the framework of human life, this event occurred a long time ago, but within the historical framework, it happened recently. I invite everyone present to try to comprehend the picture of those days, to understand the causes and consequences of what was happening

The reader comes out:Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Prediction” (excerpt)

The year will come, Russia's black year,
When the kings crown falls;
The mob will forget their former love for them,
And the food of many will be death and blood...

Teacher:

In his Address to Parliament, the President noted that the coming 2017 is the year of the centenary of the February and October revolutions. “This is a good reason to once again turn to the causes and the very nature of revolutions in Russia. Not only for historians and scientists. Russian society needs an objective, honest, in-depth analysis of these events. This is our common history, and it must be treated with respect.

The outstanding Russian and Soviet philosopher Alexei Fedorovich Losev also wrote about this. “We know the whole thorny path of our country,” he wrote. We know the painful years of struggle, lack, suffering. But for the son of his homeland, all this is his inalienable, dear.”

“I am sure that the absolute majority of our citizens have exactly this feeling of the Motherland. And we need the lessons of history, first of all, for reconciliation, for strengthening the social, political, civil harmony that we managed to achieve today,” Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin emphasized.

The February Revolution began the great unrest in Russia, during which not only the Romanov dynasty fell and the Empire ceased to be a monarchy, but also the entire bourgeois-capitalist system, as a result of which the elite in Russia was completely replaced.

Scenario for an autumn themed evening for schoolchildren in grades 3-6.

Author: Lutkovskaya Victoria Aleksandrovna, head of the branch, MUK "CSDB of Yaroslavl" children's library-branch No. 5, leisure center "Zhuravlik".

The material will be useful to class teachers and librarians.
Event for students in grades 3-6.
Aimed at updating knowledge about the holiday - the Day of Harmony and Reconciliation, about the Great October Socialist Revolution, about the history of our homeland, and attracting reading.

Scenario for an autumn themed evening for schoolchildren in grades 3-6 “Day of Harmony and Reconciliation. One Hundred Years of the Great October Socialist Revolution."

Target: To arouse the interest of schoolchildren in literature on the history of the Fatherland, modern and classic works of art and children's works telling about the events that preceded the October Revolution, describing it, about the civil war, about the personality of Lenin. Development of a sense of patriotism.
Demo material: portrait of V.I. Lenin, illustration or flag of the USSR, if possible, photo from family archives.
Decor: book exhibition “100 years of the Great October Socialist Revolution”.
Progress:
We welcome the children and divide them into two teams. The presenter's story is accompanied by a display of photos of materials from books, questions and tasks that are assessed by the presenter. Based on the points collected, participants from the teams will receive a reward.
We show a portrait of Lenin and the flag of the USSR.
Leading. We see a flag and a portrait.
The first question for one point for teams: who is this person, what state flag is in front of you? (Children: Lenin, USSR.)
Leading. Second question: as a result of what events did this man lead our homeland, and the Russian Empire was renamed? (October Revolution, October Revolution, Great October Socialist Revolution).
Leading. Today we will talk about the events that happened in our country 100 years ago. Does it seem like it was a long time ago? In fact, I and many people in your families have interacted with survivors. Among the eyewitnesses of the revolution there were many children. What they experienced will become the subject of our conversation.
Diary entries of children of those years have been preserved. You will hear some of them.
And the prehistory of the revolution is connected with one of the bloodiest wars; Russia was never able to win it.
Third question: What was the name of this war? (Children. First World War.)
We show books from the book exhibition.
Leading. You can understand how children lived during these years if you read the following books: Brodskaya D. “Marikin’s Childhood”, Brook M. “Family from Sosnovka”, Vodovozova E. “The Story of One Childhood”, Gorbovtsev M. “Mishkin’s Childhood” , Gorky M. “In People”, Grinchenko B. “Without Bread”, Kassil L. “Conduit and Shvambraniya”, Sapronova N. “When grandfathers were grandchildren”, Serafimovich A. “Black Treukh”, Stanyukovich K. “Antoshka” .
We read aloud one or two pages from a book chosen by the presenter.

Leading. But in February 1917, when, after many defeats, most Russians were tired of the war, life began to change rapidly and even children noticed it.
This is what the unknown child eyewitnesses wrote.
We read quotes from diary entries (with the authors' spelling).
“The Russian people did not like Tsar Nicholas II and decided to remove him. The king fulfilled the desire of the people and abdicated the throne. Having received freedom, the people began to rob and kill each other.”
“During the war, turmoil began in Moscow, one day when I was walking with my grandmother and came home, I learned that the sovereign had been driven from the throne. When I sat down to drink tea, suddenly I heard a noise outside our windows, I saw a large crowd of workers.”
“As soon as the revolution began, I could not sit at home. And I was drawn to the street. All the people went to Red Square, where students were making speeches near the Duma. Everyone was in a happy mood. Trucks with soldiers in their hands were driving along the streets.”
“Soon a demonstration appeared, it was very large and grandiose. They carried red banners trimmed with gold cord. Every man or woman had a red bow. At that time, I was overcome with a joyful feeling of love for everyone.”
Leading. Fourth question: the records talk about revolution, but we have already mentioned the Great
The October Revolution, so what’s the matter, why do children write about February, your versions...
(Children. February bourgeois-democratic revolution or February coup.)
Leading. Its result was the coming to power of a provisional government instead of the Tsar-Emperor.
The children wrote about this: “On March 1, under the leadership of students, tsarism was overthrown, and a provisional Government took its place. But it soon brought Russia to the point where it was impossible.”
“The people were divided into many parties, there were Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. The Mensheviks were landowners and rich people, and the Bolsheviks were the people, workers, artisans, and peasants.”
“Under the Tsar there was little bread, and now there is even less. In September they started giving out a quarter of a pound, but in some places they won’t give it at all.”
Leading. Fifth question: how many grams are in one pound? (Children. About 456 g.)
Leading. Calculate how much bread the boy received? (456 gr.:4=114 gr.)
Leading. The people were seething with discontent, and the October Revolution took place.
They wrote in their diaries: “Once I was walking along Sukharev Square and saw barricades, I didn’t know what they were. When I came home, I asked my mother, but she also didn’t know. In the evening, when I was sitting at home and doing my homework, we heard shots and then I found out that it was a revolution.”
“I watched from the window through binoculars as they fired from a machine gun. All these days it was dangerous to leave the house, and we could not get bread; for four days we ate potatoes. At night we slept without undressing, and dad and other men who live in our house took turns with revolvers in the yard.”
“On Monday they were still shooting, my mother was standing at the window and checking her stocking, and as soon as she moved away, the bullet hit our window, but did not fly into the room, but broke through the first glass and remained on the windowsill.”
“When a truce was announced, I and two comrades ran to the center to see what the Bolsheviks and cadets had fought. We saw many houses with large windows smashed to pieces, and several houses were all burned down. Safe people were walking everywhere and everyone was talking about how the Moscow war was going on.”
“There was no funeral service for the Bolshevik victims, but speeches were made and music was played and people walked with red banners and ribbons. I used to go to Red Square to watch how the grave was dug up and laid with boards. People were arguing among themselves everywhere and some were swearing.”
Leading. You can read more about revolutionary events in books from our exhibition. For example, Blyakhin P. “Red Little Devils”, Voskresenskaya Z. “Red Bow”, Gaidar A. “School”, Gaidar A. “The Tale of the Kibalchish Boy”.
If possible, read a couple of pages.
Leading. Thus: on November 7, 1917, the first socialist revolution in history took place - the Great October Revolution under the leadership of the Bolshevik Workers' Party. As a result, the Provisional Government of Russia was overthrown, and state power passed into the hands of the Soviets of Workers' Deputies. The dictatorship of the proletariat was established and the Soviet socialist state was created. The first Soviet government was headed by Lenin. The new government immediately adopted several very important laws. Then they were called decrees.
Exercise. Try to formulate the three main ones, knowing what people dreamed of at that time, and considering that there was a war going on at that time, and for those who are attentive, drawings and photos from encyclopedias from our book exhibition will help. (Answer: Peace to the people, land to the peasants, power to the soviets.)
Leading. You see that when they came to power, the Bolsheviks announced laws and decrees: the Decree on Peace, which proclaimed Russia’s exit from the world war. All warring countries were asked to stop hostilities and conclude peace treaties. The second important decree of Soviet power was the decree on land. Finally, Russian peasants received the land taken from the landowners. Russia has always been a peasant country, so this decision of the new government aroused sympathy for it and support from a huge number of rural workers.
Other decrees provided for the transfer of power throughout Russia to the Soviets.
All peoples living on the lands of the former Russian Empire were granted equal rights and freedoms.
Women and men had equal rights.
Overworking children in factories was prohibited.
Instead of the Provisional Government, the Bolshevik government came to power from representatives of different parties - the first Soviet government, headed by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov -...
Sixth question: name the second part of the leader’s surname-pseudonym. (Answer: Lenin, if the children are prepared, then you can ask about their real name - Ulyanov).
Leading. Many books have been written about him for Soviet children.
Books about Lenin's childhood were supposed to give children a model - an energetic, diligent boy, Volodya, who never forgot about his duty to the people. The adult Ilyich was the personification of the authorities in the image of a smiling, kind-hearted man who saved Russia and loved children.
Such books were supposed to raise children into Soviet citizens, and sympathy for Lenin was supposed to turn into devotion to Soviet power. Grandfather Lenin represented an ideal on the basis of which children could evaluate themselves and their parents, and if the result was not in favor of those at home, then a counterweight to their harmful influence arose.
Let's listen to one of the stories about Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (read one of the stories by Z. Voskresenskaya).
We invite children to familiarize themselves with the literature from the exhibition. We summarize the results of the quiz and tasks and reward the participants.
Leading. What did we talk about today? (Children. About the Great October Socialist Revolution.)
Let me remind you that in memory of victims of all views, the Day of Harmony and Reconciliation was established; we celebrate it on November 7. This is a day of agreement and reconciliation between people of different political views. Keep peace around you and in the country.
It's time to say goodbye, see you again in the library.