Lidia Ivanovna NORINA - Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation, teacher at gymnasium No. 10 in Novosibirsk.

I'm doomed to experience sadness...

Analysis of the story by I.A. Bunin "Cold Autumn"

And the analysis of the story should begin with a fairly traditional, but effective form - the teacher reading the text itself. As you know, a teacher who reads aloud becomes the first interpreter of a work, placing its semantic accents with the help of voice and intonation. Bunin's story is small in volume, and reading it at the beginning of the lesson is all the more advisable because it does not take much time.

The next stage of the lesson - “the teacher’s word”, is necessary both as an introduction and as a reminder to students about the main themes of Bunin’s prose (a lecture on the writer’s work and analysis of poems have already been carried out earlier).

It is advisable to begin the analysis of the text itself by highlighting the basic motifs and artistic techniques in the story. These points are pre-written on the board.

Plot and characters.

Chronotope: existential and domestic space and time, real and cosmic.

Color design and “tactility” of the text.

Motives(love, death, memory, life).

At home, students had to find manifestations of these motives in the text and write down as many examples as possible for each of the points. As the lesson progresses, the diagram on the board will expand and be supplemented by observations made during the lesson. The teacher needs to emphasize the fundamental sequence of the topics recorded on the board.

The teacher's first question is:

- What is the plot of the story? State it in a few sentences.

There is a certain he, there is a she - they love each other; a wedding was about to take place. The girl is very afraid of losing him. He was killed in the war. And then all her life (thirty years) she retains the memory of one single evening - their happiest meeting.

It is necessary to start with what lies on the surface of the text, which can be perceived by any ordinary consciousness. Students find out that the plot is too simple, which means they need to look deeper for the meaning.

If schoolchildren do not pay attention to an important feature of Bunin’s love prose - the absence of names for the heroes, denoting them only by pronouns (Bunin’s special technique, emphasizing the generality of people’s destinies, the tragedy of all), you can ask a provocative question: Why, when retelling the plot, do you constantly make a “speech error” - repeating the pronouns “he” and “she”?

From the ordinary level of text perception we move on to working with artistic categories.

Any artistic text, as you know, correlates with universal categories - space and time, which in the text acquire symbolic meaning. How is this work “constructed”, what chronotopes can we identify and how are they related to each other?

One of the students makes a diagram, and the rest comment on the text. This picture is gradually emerging.

• The house as a temple and amulet and its subsequent destruction; respectively, life as a path and wandering.
• Way like life path one person and as a historical vector of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century.
• Finally, a house devoid of spatial boundaries, a house located beyond the boundaries of the earthly world. This is the space where the heroine strives for her lover, this movement towards immortality: “And I believe, fervently believe: somewhere he is waiting for me - with the same love and youth as in that evening " “You live, enjoy the world, then come to me …” “I’ve lived, I’m happy, and now I’ll be back soon.” Together with the students, the teacher notes the key words of the fragment: "somewhere", “that evening”, "to me". Thus, Bunin transfers earthly space into cosmic space, linear time into eternal time.

· Time as an instant (human life) and as eternity. Bunin's eternity is always cyclical and indestructible. So, the heroine says at the end of the story about their only evening: “And that’s all that happened in my life - the rest is an unnecessary dream.” The teacher draws the attention of high school students to the words “sleep” and “unnecessary.”

- Why is life called a dream?

The motif of life as a dream (in the Buddhist understanding) is generally characteristic of Bunin’s poetics. Life is an illusion, but a sad and tragic illusion.

-Who is to blame for this tragedy? War? Revolution? God? Wrong social structure?

Bunin is non-social, therefore war, revolution, and history are for him only partial manifestations of world evil, which is indestructible. The whole story is the writer’s attempt to understand and comprehend how the world’s evil affects the fate of an individual. Let us remember again: the heroes do not have names, and this is confirmation that different human destinies are the same, that man is a toy in the hands of fate.

Then the teacher focuses the attention of high school students on another important temporal aspect of the work:

- Please note that the entire story is written as the heroine’s memory of the past. What motive in connection with this construction of artistic time is manifested in the text?

Memory. In the chaos of the world, it is salvation from oblivion. Memory, according to Bunin, is no less, but more real than the flow of reality. It is always connected with culture, which is the preservation of everything that goes into oblivion.

The teacher can read a number of poems by Osip Mandelstam (for example, from the “Stone” cycle), in which the so-called “cultural memory” is most clearly manifested - a special kind of poetic category that served Mandelstam as the basis for his attitude to cultural values. Such an appeal to the “alien” voice will pave the way for the study of the poetics of Acmeism, as well as compare the “two memories” of the great literary artists.

- What artistic means does Bunin use to emphasize the reality of memory and the unreality of reality? As you know, Bunin is a master of describing subtle human sensations and states of nature. And in this he is close to impressionism.

First of all, color painting, light painting and “tactility”. Also in the work we see the direct inclusion of a poetic quotation. As for impressionism, the hero in the story seems to be intentionally reading Fet’s poem to his beloved, since there are many impressionistic features in Fet’s work.

- Let’s work with these categories: name the main colors, descriptions of the physical sensations of the characters and determine the meanings of Fet’s lines quoted by the hero in the context of the story (one student writes down the words on the board: “color”, “tactility”, “intertext”).

Color and light. Students name words denoting colors and give their symbolic interpretation using the “Dictionary of Symbols”: “black”, “brilliant”, “red”, “sunny”, “mineral-brilliant stars”, “blazing sun”. Black color is a human tragedy, a premonition of trouble. Red is the color of blood and also of tragedy, a color that signifies a future catastrophe. Golden (autumn) is associated with nature. When combined, the colors emphasize the inextricable connection between human sensations and nature. Schoolchildren note that the epithet “brilliant” (“glowing”, “sparkling”) combines such artistic details as stars (“brilliant stars”), house windows (“like... in autumn are shining windows of the house”), the heroine’s eyes (“how the eyes shine”) and draw a conclusion about the unity of everything in the world: nature, humans, inanimate objects (house).

Many words in the story are devoted to the feelings of the characters. The name itself - “Cold Autumn” - designates not only the cold season, but also metaphorically - the coldness of this world in relation to man, the same world evil. High school students name words and phrases related to the theme of cold: “windows fogged up from steam,” “surprisingly early and cold autumn,” “wiped the glass with a handkerchief,” “icy stars,” “sparkling frost.”

As for Fet, this is both a symbol of Russian pre-revolutionary antiquity, and a poetic understanding of nature, and finally, the acceptance of death and eternity. Fet does not have freezing and dying, but an eternal grandiose movement in a circle; It is not for nothing that the word “fire” is used in the poem - the antithesis of the cold and icy world.

- What other traditional motifs are found in the text?

Love and death. Love, according to Bunin, is also a touch to eternity, and not a path to earthly happiness, in art world Bunin cannot find happy love. Bunin’s love is outside the laws of time and space, and therefore death not only does not destroy love, but is its continuation in eternity. Despite the short duration of love, it still remains eternal - it is indestructible in the heroine’s memory precisely because it is fleeting in life. It is no coincidence that the story ends with the motive of love: “But, remembering everything that I have experienced since then, I always ask myself: yes, but what happened in my life? And I answer myself: only that cold autumn evening.”

Concluding the analysis of the story, we note that its ending is open to further interpretation. Therefore, as homework we will give a short essay, the topic of which will be the words of the heroine at the end of the story: “And that’s all that happened in my life - the rest is an unnecessary dream.”

Ivan Bunin's stories have always been distinguished by their insight and peculiar subtlety of storytelling. This work is a story of a woman who describes her life. In particular, she describes one evening in her youth when she felt almost happy and lived every moment vividly.

The plot of the story is simple - the main character tells about the beginning of the First World War and about a significant evening that will forever remain in her memory. Then she talks about what happened next, about hardships, about death, about migration. But, summing up her life, she always returns to the cold autumn of 1414. Then her whole family was alive, and her feelings with her now deceased fiancé only flared up. The composition of the story is based on the fact that the narrative returns to the past.

In the story, all the characters are not described in very detail. It is known that a girl in love with a future soldier has a father and mother and many relatives. Also later, after the death of the latter, a grumpy Moscow merchant appears, a new husband, a girl who forgets the kindness of a woman. All these chaotic events and faces happened and passed away. But it seems that only that cold autumn evening, her beloved groom and parents remain in the heroine’s soul.

The writer's attitude towards this woman is fatherly and warm. He understands her thoughts, her pain. He knows that the war and revolution ruined the personal happiness of many, and he writes this very story about one of the victims.
Bunin uses figurative means of expression. Among them are epithets - “early”, “cold” - reflecting autumn, personification - “the windows of the house are shining”, metaphors - “boughs showered with stars”. All means create a special, soft atmosphere in the work. The love of a girl and her groom, the silence of a beautiful evening, the twinkling of stars, eternity...

This is a story - a memory. A memory through a dream of a lifetime, as the heroine herself puts it in the text. Dear nostalgia lives in her memory and heart forever. Ivan Bunin has such a subtle understanding of the mental organization of people. In particular, this work of his is profound from a psychological point of view. Small in size, the story absorbs the tragedy of one tender soul. Her simple happiness was stolen by the confrontation between powers and the arms race. But there are so many who just want to live in peace and appreciate every moment of life, as the heroine appreciated that cool autumn evening.

Analysis of the work Cold Autumn by Bunin

A work called “Cold Autumn” was written by Bunin in May 1944. It is also included in the author’s series “Dark Alleys”. The plot of the work is quite voluminous and significant.

Genre of the work: story. Even though this is just a story, it contains so much information, as well as emotions, that it could be considered a whole novel. In the story itself, the events seem to stretch over thirty years. If we briefly describe the events that occur in the plot itself, it becomes clear that the two main characters fall in love, after which they naturally want to get married and live together, raise children and create a strong family. But one event intervenes and spoils beautiful picture friendly family and the love of heroes. After all, the fact is that war was declared. Which means that the main character, a guy, will have to go to war. And before this, when no one suspects anything, an important event takes place for the newlyweds - an engagement, which coincides with her father’s name day. At the very moment when the engagement is announced, war is declared. This means that the event is joyful and will have to be postponed.

Bunin shows how bitter the girl is, and the guy too. But both hold on, not showing their disappointment and fear of upcoming events. In addition, the author does not name his heroes in any way in the story itself. And this is quite common for this author, because he considers it not the very name of the main or minor characters that is important, but the very essence and thought put into this work. Also, completely absent portrait characteristics, which also characterizes Bunin as a writer. He simply describes the events, and the reader himself can see from the actions of the characters what they are like as individuals. This is always interesting, since reading between the lines develops a person, giving him the opportunity to learn to understand people.

Bunin was able to describe his heroes as very realistic people; he did not add any too colorful details to their descriptions or to the plot itself. Everything looks very natural and realistic, which is perceived well. But in his work there are many beautiful, almost insignificant in appearance, details, which nevertheless make the story very interesting and colorful in emotions. For example: “eyes shining with tears”, “glasses”, “cigarette” and others. It is these details that sometimes seem to be given even too much attention than the characters themselves in their description, which is very meager.

If you still try to describe the main characters, then you can still find, after reading only the whole story, that the guy is smart, delicate and very brave. His girlfriend is also smart and beautiful. In addition, both are very proud and do not show their feelings too much, especially in public.

Several interesting essays

• Essay The Great Patriotic War in the literature of the 20th century

  When pronouncing just the words “Great Patriotic War“I immediately imagine battles and battles for my homeland, many years have passed, but that pain is still in the souls and hearts of people who lost relatives in those days

• Analysis of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, grade 8

  “Romeo and Juliet is rightfully a masterpiece of world literature. The play, written back in 1595, does not lose its relevance among our contemporaries. Even those who have never held a volume of Shakespeare's plays in their hands know the essence of the work.

There are many different trees growing in the park. In autumn all the leaves turn red, yellow and brown. Some are still green. All trees are bright and colorful. It is so beautiful! Some leaves fall to the ground.

• Essay Summer Day

  In summer, the morning comes especially quickly, the joyful, round, well-fed sun is in a hurry to roll out from behind the horizon so that by lunchtime it has time to properly heat the air, ringing with warmth. Waking up early summer morning

• Essay My favorite tree (Birch, oak, apple tree)

  Birch is a symbol of our country. The beauty of its white trunk with black stripes, rustling heart-shaped leaves, and “catkins” swaying in the wind have fascinated Russian people for a long time.

Review of Bunin's story "Cold Autumn" from the series "Dark Alleys". Ivan Bunin wrote this cycle in exile when he was seventy years old. Despite the fact that Bunin spent a long time in exile, the writer did not lose the sharpness of the Russian language. This can be seen in this series of stories. All the stories are dedicated to love, only in each of them the author showed different facets of love. In this cycle there is love, both as carnal attraction and as sublime feeling. Compositionally, the story “Cold Autumn” is divided into two parts. Before and after the death of the main character's lover. The line dividing the story and the heroine’s life into two parts is drawn very clearly and clearly. The heroine talks about her past in such a way that it seems to the reader that all events are happening at the present moment. This illusion arises due to the fact that the author describes everything in such small detail that a whole picture appears before the reader’s eyes, having shape, color and sound. The story “Cold Autumn,” in my opinion, can be called historical, although the story in this story has been changed. In the first part of the story, events develop rapidly, reaching the climax of the story. On June fifteenth, the crown prince was killed, on Peter's Day at dinner he was announced as the main character's fiancé, and on July nineteenth Germany declared war... In my opinion, it was no coincidence that the author put an ellipsis in this place. He is announced as the groom and immediately the reader’s mind imagines an idyll of a happy family life, but in the next phrase war is declared. And all dreams and hopes collapse in an instant. Then the author focuses on the farewell party. He was called to the front. In September he comes to say goodbye before leaving. This evening the father of the bride pronounces the following phrase: - Surprisingly early and cold autumn! This phrase is pronounced as a statement of fact. At the end of the story, the heroine will say that that cold autumn, that autumn evening is all she had in her life. This evening is described in great detail, every action of the characters is described.

The story “Cold Autumn” was written by I.A. Bunin in 1944. This is a difficult time for the world as a whole. The second one is coming World War. She greatly influenced Bunin's life. He, already in exile from the USSR in France, was forced to leave Paris, as German troops entered it.

The action of the story begins at the beginning of the First World War, into which Russia was drawn into by European intrigues. Betrothed couples have their families destroyed because of the war. He goes to war. And from their love they have only one autumn evening left. This is the evening of farewell. He dies in the war. After the death of her parents, she sells the remains of her property at the market, where she meets an elderly retired military man, whom she marries and with whom she goes to Kuban. They lived in the Kuban and Don for two years and during a hurricane they escaped to Turkey. Her husband dies on the ship from typhus. She had only three close people: her husband’s nephew, his wife and their seven-month-old daughter. The nephew and his wife went missing after leaving for Crimea. And she was left with the girl in her arms. It repeats Bunin's emigration route (Constantinople-Sofia-Belgrade-Paris). The girl grows up and remains in Paris. The main character moves to Nice, located not far from Bunin’s place of residence during the fascist occupation of France. She understands that her life has passed “like an unnecessary dream.” My whole life except the autumn evening of farewell to my beloved. This evening is all that happened in her life. And she feels that she will soon die and thus be reunited with him.

Love can have such power that the death of a loved one leads to devastation in the lover's life. And this is tantamount to death during life.

In this story one can hear a protest against war, as a weapon of mass murder of people and as the most terrible phenomenon of life. In Cold Autumn, Bunin draws an analogy between the main character and himself. He himself lived in a foreign land for more than thirty years. And under the conditions of the fascist occupation, Bunin wrote “Dark Alleys” - a story about love.

Question No. 26

The theme of nature in the lyrics of F.I. Tyutchev and A.A. Feta

A. A. Fet– representative of “pure art” or “art for art’s sake.” In Russian poetry it is difficult to find a poet more “major” than him. The poet relied on the philosophy of Schopenhauer - a philosopher who denied the role of reason, art is unconscious creativity, a gift of God, the artist’s goal is beauty. Beauty is nature and love, philosophical reflections about them. Nature and love are the main themes of Fet's lyrics.

The poem “I came to you with greetings...” became a kind of poetic manifesto of Fet. Three poetic subjects - nature, love and song - are closely interconnected, penetrate each other, forming Fet’s universe of beauty. Using the technique of personification, Fet animates nature, it lives with him: “the forest woke up,” “the sun rose.” And the lyrical hero is full of thirst for love and creativity.

Fet’s impressions of the world around him are conveyed in vivid images: “A fire is blazing in the forest with the bright sun...”:

A fire blazes in the forest with the bright sun,

And, shrinking, the juniper cracks;

A choir crowded like drunken giants,

Flushed, the spruce tree staggers.

It seems that a hurricane is raging in the forest, shaking the mighty trees, but then you become more and more convinced that the night depicted in the poem is quiet and windless. It turns out that it is just the glare from the fire that makes the trees appear to be shaking. But it was precisely this first impression, and not the giant spruce trees themselves, that the poet sought to capture.

Fet consciously depicts not the object itself, but the impression that this object makes. He is not interested in details and details, he is not attracted to motionless, complete forms, he strives to convey the variability of nature, movement human soul:

Every bush was buzzing with bees,

Happiness weighed on my heart,

I trembled, so that from timid lips

Your confession didn’t go away...

He is helped to solve this creative task by unique visual means: not a clear line, but blurred contours, not color contrast, but shades, halftones, imperceptibly turning into one another. The poet reproduces in words not an object, but an impression. We first encounter such a phenomenon in Russian literature in Fet.

The poet does not so much liken nature to man as fill it with human emotions. Fet's poems are saturated with aromas, the smell of herbs, “fragrant nights”, “fragrant dawns”:

Your luxurious wreath is fresh and fragrant,

You can smell the incense of all the flowers in it...

But sometimes the poet still manages to stop the moment, and then the poem creates a picture of a frozen world:

The mirror moon floats across the azure desert,

The steppe grasses are covered with evening moisture,

The speech is abrupt, the heart is again more superstitious,

Long shadows in the distance sank into the hollow.

Here, each line captures a brief, complete impression, and there is no logical connection between these impressions.

In the poem “Whisper, timid breathing...” the rapid change of static pictures gives the verse amazing dynamism, airiness, and gives the poet the opportunity to depict the subtlest transitions from one state to another. Without a single verb, only with short descriptive sentences, like an artist with bold strokes, Fet conveys an intense lyrical experience.

The poem has a specific plot: it describes a meeting of lovers in the garden. In just 12 lines, the author managed to express a whole bouquet of feelings and subtly convey all the shades of experiences. The poet does not depict in detail the development of relationships, but recreates only the most important points this great feeling.

This poem perfectly conveys momentary sensations, and, alternating them, Fet conveys the state of the characters, the flow of the night, the consonance of nature with the human soul, and the happiness of love. The lyrical hero strives to “stop the moment”, to capture the most precious and sweet moments of communication with his beloved, with beauty, with nature, with God himself: the whisper and breath of his beloved, the sounds of a stream flowing past, the first timid rays of the approaching dawn, his own delight and rapture.

Thus, the main themes of Fet’s lyrics – nature and love – seem to be fused together. It is in them, as in a single melody, that all the beauty of the world, all the joy and charm of existence are united.

TYUTCHIV Being a contemporary of Pushkin, F. I. Tyutchev, nevertheless, was ideologically connected with another generation - the generation of “philosophical people”, who sought not so much to actively intervene in life as to comprehend it. This penchant for understanding the surrounding world and self-knowledge led Tyutchev to a completely original philosophical and poetic concept.

Tyutchev's lyrics can be thematically presented as philosophical, civil, landscape and love. However, these themes are very closely intertwined in each poem, where a passionate feeling gives rise to a deep philosophical thought about the existence of nature and the universe, about the connection of human existence with universal life, about love, life and death, about human destiny and the historical destinies of Russia.

Tyutchev's worldview is characterized by the perception of the world as a dual substance. The ideal and the demonic are two principles that are in constant struggle. The existence of life is impossible if one of the principles is missing, because there must be balance in everything. So, for example, in the poem “Day and Night” these two states of nature are contrasted with each other:

Day - this brilliant cover -

Day - earthly revival,

Healing for sick souls,

Friend of man and the gods.

Tyutchev's day is filled with life, joy and boundless happiness. But he is only an illusion, a ghostly cover thrown over the abyss. The night has a completely different character:

And the abyss is laid bare to us,

With your fears and darkness,

And there are no barriers between her and us:

This is why the night is scary for us.

The image of the abyss is inextricably linked with the image of the night; this abyss is that primordial chaos from which everything came and into which everything will go. It attracts and frightens at the same time. Night leaves a person alone not only with cosmic darkness, but also alone with himself. The night world seems true to Tyutchev, because true peace, in his opinion, is incomprehensible, and it is the night that allows a person to touch the secrets of the universe and his own soul. The day is dear to the human heart because it is simple and understandable. Night gives rise to a feeling of loneliness, being lost in space, helplessness in the face of unknown forces. This is precisely, according to Tyutchev, the true position of man in this world. Maybe that’s why he calls the night “holy.”

The quatrain “The Last Cataclysm” prophesies the last hour of nature in grandiose images, heralding the end of the old world order:

When nature's last hour strikes,

The composition of the parts of the earth will collapse:

Everything visible will be covered by waters again,

And God's face will be depicted in them.

Tyutchev's poetry shows that the new society never emerged from the state of “chaos.” Modern man he did not fulfill his mission to the world, he did not allow the world to ascend with him to beauty, to reason. Therefore, the poet has many poems in which a person is, as it were, recalled back into the elements as having failed in his own role.

Poems "Silentium!" (Silence) - a complaint about the isolation, the hopelessness in which our soul resides:

Be silent, hide and hide

And your feelings and dreams...

The true life of a person is the life of his soul:

Just know how to live within yourself -

Eat the whole world in your soul

Mysteriously magical thoughts...

It is no coincidence that images are associated with inner life starry night, pure underground springs, and with external life - images of daylight and external noise. The world of human feelings and thoughts is a true world, but unknowable. As soon as a thought takes on verbal form, it is instantly distorted: “A thought expressed is a lie.”

Tyutchev tries to view things in contradiction. In the poem "Twins" he writes:

There are twins - for earth-born

Two deities - Death and Sleep...

Tyutchev’s twins are not doubles, they do not echo each other, one is feminine, the other is masculine, each has its own meaning; They coincide with each other, but they are also at enmity. For Tyutchev, it was natural to find polar forces everywhere, united and yet dual, consistent with each other and turned against each other.

“Nature”, “elements”, “chaos” on the one hand, space on the other. These are perhaps the most important of the polarities that Tyutchev reflected in his poetry. Separating them, he penetrates deeper into the unity of nature in order to again bring together what was divided.

The general meaning of all works by I.A. Bunin's message about love can be conveyed with a rhetorical question: “Is love private?” Thus, in his cycle of stories “Dark Alleys” (1943) there is probably not a single work dedicated to happy love. One way or another, this feeling is short-lived and ends dramatically, if not tragically. But Bunin claims that, in spite of everything, love is beautiful. It, albeit for a short moment, illuminates a person’s life and gives him meaning for his further existence.

Thus, in the story “Cold Autumn,” the narrator, having lived a long and very difficult life, sums it up: “But, remembering everything that I have experienced since then, I always ask myself: yes, what was in my life? life? And I answer myself: only that cold autumn evening.” Only that cold autumn evening when she said goodbye to her fiancé, who was leaving for war. It was so bright and, at the same time, sad and heavy in her soul.

Only at the end of the evening did the heroes talk about the worst thing: what if their beloved does not return from the war? What if they kill him? The heroine doesn’t want and can’t even think about it: “I thought: “What if they really kill me? and will I really forget him at some point - after all, everything is forgotten in the end? And she quickly answered, frightened by her thought: “Don’t say that! I will not survive your death!

The heroine's fiance was actually killed. And the girl survived his death - this is a feature of human nature. The narrator even got married and gave birth to a child. After the revolution of 1917, she had to wander around Russia, endure many humiliations, menial work, illness, the death of her husband, and the alienation of her daughter. And so, at the end of her years, thinking about her life, the heroine comes to the conclusion that there was only one love in her life. Moreover, in her life there was only one autumn night, which illuminated the woman’s entire life. This is her meaning in life, her support and support.

The narrator in her bitter life, cut off from her homeland, is warmed by only one memory, one thought: “You live, enjoy the world, then come to me...” I lived, I was happy, now I’ll come soon.”

So, the main part of the story, which has a ring composition, is a description of a cold autumn evening, the last one in life together heroes. From the words of the girl’s father, we learn that the Austrian crown prince was killed in Sarajevo. This meant that war would inevitably begin. The heroine's lover, who was one of her own in her family, had to go to the front.

That same sad evening he was announced as the heroine’s fiancé. Ironically, their first evening as bride and groom was also their last. That is why this whole evening, in the perception of the narrator and her lover, was permeated with light sadness, aching melancholy, and fading beauty. Just like the cold autumn evening that surrounded the heroes in the garden.

Everyday details are of great importance in the story, which turn into psychological ones in the work. Thus, the heroine accurately lists all the dates that “surrounded” the events described. She remembers everything in the smallest detail, although thirty years have passed and she has a very difficult life behind her. This suggests that this evening was very significant for the woman.

The last home-cooked dinner is described psychologically and subtly. All its participants sat in suspense, thinking that this might be their last evening together. But everyone exchanged insignificant words, masking their tension and what they really wanted to say.

But finally the young people were left alone. The lover invites the narrator to take a walk around autumn garden. He quotes lines from Fet's poem. They, to some extent, predict both his fate and the fate of their couple:

Look - between the blackening pines

It's like a fire is rising...

And then the hero adds: “It’s still sad. Sad and good. I love you very, very much...” What simple and, at the same time, piercing words! Young people love each other, but cannot be together. This, according to Bunin’s theory, is simply impossible. After all, love is always just a flash, just a short moment that burns for a lifetime...

The next morning the hero left, as it turned out, forever. They put a “fatal bag” with an icon around his neck, but it did not save the heroine’s lover from death. The narrator returned to the house without noticing sunny morning and not feeling any joy from it. Bunin subtly conveys her state on the verge of hysteria, a huge emotional experience: “... not knowing what to do with myself now and whether to cry or sing at the top of my voice...”

Many years have passed since then. But the elderly heroine in Nice keeps returning in her memory to this evening and hopefully awaits her imminent death. What else can she do? A poor old age, deprived of the support of her only relative - her daughter.

The image of the heroine's daughter in the story is very important. Bunin shows that a person, cut off from his roots, far from his homeland, loses the main thing - his soul: “she became completely French, very nice and completely indifferent to me, worked in a chocolate store near Madeleine, with sleek hands with silver nails she wrapped boxes in satin paper and tied them with gold laces..."

The narrator’s daughter is a doll that has lost its essence behind the material tinsel.

“Cold Autumn”... The title of the story is symbolic. This is also a specific designation of the time frame of what is happening in the story. This is both a symbol of the first and last evening in the lives of the heroes. This is also a symbol of the heroine’s entire life. This is also a symbol of the life of all emigrants who lost their homeland after 1917... It is also a symbol of the state that comes after the loss of a flash of love...

Cold autumn... It is inevitable, but it also enriches a person, because he is left with the most valuable thing - memories.

Ivan Bunin's story “Cold Autumn” can be captured at one glance, like a painting, and at the same time its meaning is deeper than a simple description. Why does the hero quote only the first stanza of the poem? Why does the heroine remember one single evening for thirty years? We present to your attention the experience of carefully reading the story “Cold Autumn.”

Feral children are human children who grew up in conditions of extreme social isolation - without human contact from an early age - and experienced little or no care or love from another person, and had no experience of social behavior or communication. Such children, abandoned by their parents, are raised by animals or live in isolation.

If children had some social behavior skills before being isolated from society, the process of their rehabilitation is much easier. Those who lived in animal society for the first 3.5-6 years of life are practically unable to master human language, walking upright, communicating meaningfully with other people, despite subsequent years spent in the company of people where they received enough care. This once again shows how important the first years of a child’s life are for a child’s development.

These children are not human. If a person has not spoken before the age of six, then it is unlikely that he will speak. That is, who we are is a product of our culture, and culture is what we remember.

A person cannot always formulate what he is thinking. There are “preconceptions” or emotions when you later read about it and say that you thought so, but could not formulate it. In fact, it was a “child-thought”; there was no adult thought yet. And literature and art help to find a form for this thought.

Memory in relation to a person is not an exact word, especially now, when the word is firmly connected with memory computer. When a person remembers something, assimilates information, then the memory changes him, but the computer does not change from what is entered into his memory.

Many great writers thought about memory. For example, V.V. Nabokov in the work “Memory, Speak”. Camus also gives reason for deep reflection. The hero of his work “The Outsider” has been in solitary confinement in prison for quite a long time. This is what he felt after a certain time:

“Yes, I had to endure some troubles, but I was not very unhappy. The most important thing, I will say again, was to kill time. But since I learned to remember, I was no longer bored. Sometimes I remembered my bedroom: I imagined how I was leaving one corner and, having walked across the room, coming back; I turned over in my mind everything that I encountered on my way. At first I got over it quickly. But each time the journey took more and more time. I remembered not only the closet, table or shelf, but all the things that were there, and I drew each thing to myself in every detail: color and material, inlay pattern, crack, chipped edge. I tried my best not to lose the thread of my inventory, not to forget a single item. After a few weeks, I could spend hours describing everything that was in my bedroom. The more I thought about it, the more forgotten or neglected things came to mind. And then I realized that a person who had lived at least one day in the world could easily spend a hundred years in prison. He would have enough memories not to be bored. In a certain sense it was beneficial.”

A. Camus. "Stranger"

In the story “Cold Autumn” you can just see the process of forming thoughts and memory. Main character quotes Fet's poems:

“While getting dressed in the hallway, he continued to think about something, with a sweet smile he remembered Fet’s poems:

What a cold autumn!

Put on your shawl and hood...

- I don’t remember, it seems like this:

Look - between the blackening pines

It's like a fire is rising..."

I.A. Bunin. "Cold autumn"

He helps his future wife make the last evening of their meeting so bright and strong that at the end of her life she says:

“But, remembering everything that I have experienced since then, I always ask myself: yes, but what happened in my life? And I answer myself: only that cold autumn evening. Was he really there once? Still, it was. And that’s all that happened in my life - the rest is an unnecessary dream.”

I.A. Bunin. "Cold autumn"

Remember the beginning of the work:

“In June of that year, he visited us on the estate - he was always considered one of our people: his late father was a friend and neighbor of my father. On June 15, Ferdinand was killed in Sarajevo. On the morning of the sixteenth, newspapers were brought from the post office. Father came out of the office with the Moscow evening newspaper in his hands into the dining room, where he, mother and I were still sitting at the tea table, and said:

- Well, my friends, war! The Austrian crown prince was killed in Sarajevo. This is war!

On Peter's Day, a lot of people came to us - it was my father's name day - and at dinner he was announced as my fiancé. But on July 19, Germany declared war on Russia...

In September, he came to us for just a day - to say goodbye before leaving for the front (everyone then thought that the war would end soon, and our wedding was postponed until spring). And then came our farewell evening. After dinner, as usual, the samovar was served, and, looking at the windows fogged up from its steam, the father said:

- Surprisingly early and cold autumn!

That evening we sat quietly, only occasionally exchanging insignificant words, exaggeratedly calm, hiding our secret thoughts and feelings. With feigned simplicity, the father also spoke about autumn. I went to the balcony door and wiped the glass with a handkerchief: in the garden, in the black sky, pure icy stars sparkled brightly and sharply.”.

I.A. Bunin. "Cold autumn"

This is a story about how poems help you see the beauty of the world, how they create a mood, and how they help you live through difficult moments.

The main character is very talented person, he knows how to see and experience what is needed. Please note that he only quotes the first stanza of Fet's poem. He may have remembered the second stanza, but he quoted the first. Because it is felt that his beloved has not yet developed as a person, has not had time to fall in love, she is still only in anticipation of the emotions that will arise in her. He understands that she is not yet ready for this love. He saw her coldness, lack of involvement in the present moment. Therefore he quotes only the first stanza. And the second one sounds like this:

"Shine of the Northern Night"

I remember always being near you,

And the phosphorescent eyes shine,

But they just don’t keep me warm.”

The hero, feeling his chosen one, remembers the second stanza, but, as a delicate person, quotes the first. He has a presentiment that he will be her only one, he does not need to rush. His love is enough for their happiness for now. In her coldness he is able to see beauty.

Bunin has wonderful poems:

We always only remember about happiness,

And happiness is everywhere. Maybe it's

This autumn garden behind the barn

And clean air flowing through the window.

In the bottomless sky with a light white edge

The cloud rises and shines. For a long time

I'm watching him... We see little, we know,

And happiness is given only to those who know.

The window is open. She squeaked and sat down

There's a bird on the windowsill. And from books

I look away from my tired gaze for a moment.

The day is getting dark, the sky is empty,

The hum of a threshing machine is heard in the threshing floor...

I see, I hear, I am happy. Everything is in me.

I.A. Bunin. "Evening"

The hero of the story understands how to feel happiness and enjoy it.

The heroine says a banal thing, and he guesses her thoughts from this banality:

“I thought: “What if they really kill me? And will I really forget him at some point? short term- after all, everything is forgotten in the end? And she quickly answered, frightened by her thought:

- Do not say that! I won't survive your death!

He paused and slowly said:

- Well, if they kill you, I will wait for you there. Live, enjoy the world, then come to me.”

I.A. Bunin. "Cold autumn"

The fact that someone will not survive someone’s death is usually said when they do not want to communicate on this topic that is important to the interlocutor. For example, a person knows that he is terminally ill and says that he will die soon. He wants to talk about this topic, even though it is difficult. And often loved ones walk away from this conversation, despite the fact that it is their support that is needed.

In the story we see that due to her youth the heroine does not know how to talk about this topic. Then she herself says that she survived the loss and moved on. She had a long life, but he was the only one for her - this evening. And the hero himself framed this evening with his quote, by saying:

“Look how the windows of the house shine in a very special, autumn-like way. I will be alive, I will always remember this evening..."

I.A. Bunin. "Cold autumn"

Pay attention to the poetry of his phrase.

If we imagine that he would not have turned out to be such a person, would not have quoted Fet, did not express his feelings in poetry, then this evening would not have remained in her memory for the rest of her life. This example clearly shows how important literature is and how it helps.

Bunin, like his heroine, died in exile.

Bunin was very upset about what happened to Russia. Probably, before his death, he dreamed of uniting there with her, killed in the wars:

“Can we forget our Motherland? Can a person forget his homeland? She is in the soul. I am a very Russian person. This doesn’t disappear over the years.”

I.A. Bunin

Motherland

Under the sky of deathly lead

The winter day is gloomily fading,

And there is no end to the pine forests,

And far from the villages.

One fog is milky blue,

Like someone's gentle sadness,

Above this snowy desert

Softens the gloomy distance.

I.A. Bunin

Please note: there are no names in the story. characters. There is only the name of Duke Ferdinand. Truly close people live for us without a name, we don’t need to name them. They just occupy some part of us.

It is worth noting that the main word in the story is soul. You can even catch a reference to Pushkin’s Tatiana:

“Tatiana stood in front of the windows,

Breathing on the cold glass,

Thoughtful, my soul,

She wrote with a pretty finger

On a foggy window

The treasured monogram O and E.”

A.S. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin"

And about what happened to the main character that evening in the cold autumn, Bunin clearly says in another story:

“No one, however, was there, and I stood, trembling with excitement and listening to the small, sleepy babble of the aspens. Then I sat down on a damp bench... I was still waiting for something, sometimes quickly looking into the darkness of dawn... And for a long time a close and elusive breath of happiness was felt around me - that terrible and great thing that at one time or another meets us all on the threshold of life . It suddenly touched me - and, perhaps, did exactly what needed to be done: touch and go away. I remember that all those tender words that were in my soul finally brought tears to my eyes. Leaning against the trunk of a damp poplar, I caught, like someone’s consolation, the faintly arising and fading babble of leaves and was happy with my silent tears ... "

I.A. Bunin. "Dawn all night"

The story “Cold Autumn” teaches attention to the world, the ability to see what is important in what surrounds us. But it itself requires careful reading. When an author writes a work and quotes other authors in it, he implies that the reader knows the work being quoted in full. In the age of the Internet, it is quite easy to find exactly what an author quoted, whenever he wrote it.

This story teaches you to be attentive and careful about your life. Because what happens to a person turns into his memories and changes him, makes him a different person.

The properties of memory are described in more detail in famous work Proust, in which memories, the ability to remember, are placed in one of the first places:

“And suddenly the memory came to life. It was the taste of a piece of biscuit that every Sunday morning in Combray (on Sundays I did not leave the house before the start of Mass) she treated me to, soaking it in tea or linden blossom, Aunt Leonia, when I came to say hello to her. The very sight of the biscuit did not awaken anything in me until I tried it; perhaps because I later often saw this cake on the shelves of pastry shops, but did not eat it, its image left Combray and merged with more recent impressions; perhaps because none of the memories that had long ago fallen from memory were resurrected, they all fell apart; forms - including shell cakes, each of their strict and pious folds awakening acute sensory perception - died or, immersed in sleep, lost the ability to spread, thanks to which they could reach consciousness. But when nothing remains of the distant past, when living beings have died and things have collapsed, only the smell and taste, more fragile, but more tenacious, more insubstantial, more persistent, more reliable, for a long time, like the souls of the dead, remind of themselves, they hope, they wait, and they, these barely perceptible little ones, among the ruins, carry on themselves, without bending, a huge building of memories.”

M. Proust. "Towards Swan"

Sometimes a memory tries to emerge in memory, but it fails, but some little thing helps to remember everything at once.