True talent usually cannot limit itself to just one field of science or art. As you know, it must manifest itself “in everything.” There are many examples confirming this fact. For such individuals they even created special term. They are called polymaths. This review is a story about people who have earned the epithet “great” in history and about those talents that remained “behind the scenes” of their main activities.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Usually, when talking about numerous talents, they cite the example of Leonardo da Vinci, who, in addition to artistic talent, had the ability to research and invent. However, Russia can boast of an equally gifted person. Enumerating all the talents of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov will also take a lot of time: encyclopedist, physicist and chemist, founder of scientific navigation, instrument maker, geographer, metallurgist, geologist, and also a poet, artist, historian, philologist and genealogist, educator and polyglot. Moreover, in all these areas he achieved impressive success and left behind a rich legacy.

There is another talent of his that is not often mentioned. It is known that while studying abroad at the University of Marburg, the young student perfectly mastered the art of fencing and often put it into practice. So Lomonosov can rightfully be called very versatile developed person.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Great composer In general, he was a very enthusiastic person. Even as a child, if he liked some activity, he could devote himself to it, forgetting about everything in the world. This is what happened, for example... with mathematics. Little Wolfgang was educated at home, and when he discovered the beauty of precise mathematical laws, he was fascinated by them no less than by music. There are memories that the walls and floor in his room during this “mathematical” period were completely covered with formulas. Later, with no less zeal, he became interested in dancing.

His contemporaries considered him an excellent dancer. He played skittles skillfully and loved billiards; he even had a huge billiard table at home. In addition, he taught almost his entire adult life and was a very talented teacher. True, he himself grumbled about this activity, since he did not like to waste time and go to the students’ houses.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov

Everyone remembers that this great writer and the playwright served as a diplomat, but few people know the fact that he was also a very talented pianist and composer. Unfortunately, only a few small plays have reached us from his works. One of them, written for piano, is considered the first Russian waltz. In addition, this gifted man was, by modern standards, a real polyglot, and his talent for languages manifested itself from early childhood - already at the age of six he was fluent in three foreign languages, and a few years later - six. In addition to the main European languages, he knew Latin and ancient Greek.

Benjamin Franklin

This man, known throughout the world thanks to his portrait on the $100 bill, can rightfully be called the American Leonardo. In addition to diplomatic work and political career he is known as a brilliant inventor, writer, journalist and publisher. As a scientist, he studied electricity; by the way, the designation of charges “+” and “-”, known to everyone since childhood, was invented by him. At the same time, he developed a project for a useful practical device - a lightning rod. In addition, Franklin is the author of a rocking chair (a patent has been issued for this design), a special “Pennsylvania fireplace,” bifocal glasses and an electric motor. By the way, he became the first American member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In addition to science and politics, he considered printing to be one of his main works. How did Franklin manage all this? – At the same time, he invented his own system of organizing time, thus becoming one of the founders of time management, which is very relevant today.

Alexander Porfirievich Borodin

The author of the famous opera “Prince Igor” was probably the only chemist musician in the world. Moreover, it is difficult to even compare and say which of these specialties should be called first. His achievements in chemistry and medicine were no less important than the creation of the epic symphonic style in music.

Both talents literally tore Borodin apart from childhood: at the age of 9 he was already playing several musical instruments and created his first piece of music, and at 10 he became interested in chemistry, and almost burned down the whole house, since one of his first creations in this field was a homemade firework. So he remained in the memory of posterity as a man with two equal talents - an academician, a professor of medicine, one of the founders of the Russian Chemical Society and at the same time - a member of the “Mighty Handful”.

Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev

There is probably no need to talk about the musical heritage of the great Russian composer. Over the 60 years of his life, he managed to create more than 130 works, which are considered real treasures of world artistic culture. But besides this, he also left behind literary heritage- stories, libretto, autobiography, on which he worked for 15 years. Contemporaries believed that if he had not been a composer, he could well have become a writer. But Sergei Sergeevich also had a third passion - chess.

The composer himself said that “Chess is the music of thought.” In 1909, he drew with Emanuel Lasker, and in 1914, during simultaneous games with Jose Raul Capablanca, Prokofiev won one game and lost two. In order to have time to pay attention to all his hobbies, the composer taught himself strict discipline from childhood and learned to effectively switch from one type of activity to another.

Another of our great compatriots is called the “Russian Leonardo da Vinci” - this is the famous inventor Ivan Kulibin. Find out why.

Russian history literature of the 19th century century. Part 1. 1800-1830s Lebedev Yuri Vladimirovich

Personality of Griboyedov.

Often, both lovers of Russian literature and professional experts on it have a perplexed question: why such a gifted person, seemingly a great writer - in essence and by vocation - created only one comedy, “Woe from Wit,” which is included in the Russian and world classics literature, and put an end to that, devoting himself largely to other activities in the diplomatic field that were far from literature? Has his creative powers been exhausted? Or did he exhaust with this comedy everything he wanted to tell the Russian people about time and about himself?

There is no definite answer to these questions, although one suggests itself, related to the very nature of Russian literature and culture of the first half of the 19th century century. First of all, what is striking about the Russian writers of this time is the breadth of creative interests and some kind of human universalism. Sometimes it is entirely realized in artistic creativity, and sometimes goes beyond its limits. Lermontov, for example, was not only a poet and prose writer, but also a promising painter, as evidenced by the landscapes and portraits painted by him that have come down to us. The fact that Pushkin was a wonderful draftsman is evidenced by his draft manuscripts. It is no coincidence that T. G. Tsyavlovskaya dedicated a special monograph “Pushkin’s Drawings” to them. But Griboyedov’s personality, even against this background, amazes with its encyclopedicism and rare breadth of activities and hobbies, which sometimes lead the author of “Woe from Wit” far away from literary interests.

Fate endowed Griboedov, in his own words, with “insatiable soul,” “a fiery passion for new inventions, for new knowledge, for a change of place and activity, for extraordinary people and deeds.” In terms of the breadth of his spiritual needs and encyclopedic knowledge, he was a person reminiscent of the type of people of the Western European Renaissance. At the university he studied Greek and Latin, and later studied Persian, Arabic and Turkish. The gift of a musician also awakens in him: Griboyedov plays the piano, organ and flute, studies music theory and composes it. Much has been lost, but two waltzes belonging to him have survived. Griboedov's musical abilities admired many of his contemporaries; his talent was highly appreciated by M. I. Glinka. Finally, by the grace of God, he is a diplomat, through whose skillful efforts a peace treaty was concluded with Persia, which amazed the emperor himself with its obvious benefit for Russia. The depth and breadth of Griboedov's knowledge in various branches of science amazed many of his contemporaries. Therefore, the literary vocation has always competed in Griboedov’s consciousness with many others. Unlike Pushkin, he was never able to become a professional writer. And his life, short and swift, turned into a continuous journey, distracting the author of “Woe from Wit” from concentration and intense desk work, without which the work of a writer is generally impossible.

From the book World art culture. XX century Literature author Olesina E

“Symphonic personality” (L. P. Karsavin) Lev Platonovich Karsavin (1882-1952), in his works, following V. S. Solovyov and many other Russian philosophers, developed the ideas of unity, building it as a hierarchy of many “moments” of different orders, permeated

From book Literary notes. Book 1 (" Last news": 1928-1931) author Adamovich Georgy Viktorovich

THE DEATH OF GRIBOEDOV Few people know the Persian language and few will understand from the title of Yuri Tynyanov’s novel “The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar” that it talks about the death of Griboyedov. Wazir-Mukhtar means envoy, minister plenipotentiary in Persian. Addiction to exotic beauty

From the book Pushkin: Biography of a Writer. Articles. Evgeny Onegin: comments author Lotman Yuri Mikhailovich

The personality and work of Yu. M. Lotman He loved writers who, as it seemed to him, “built” their lives (Karamzin, Pushkin), who resisted any attempts to interfere in their private existence, courageously and creatively fought for their intended goals. Because I loved it

From the book Psychology literary creativity author Arnaudov Mikhail

From the book History of Russian Literature of the 19th Century. Part 1. 1800-1830s author Lebedev Yuri Vladimirovich

Griboedov's childhood and youth. Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was born on January 4 (15), 1795 (according to other sources - 1794) in Moscow into a well-born but impoverished noble family. His father, a weak-willed man, did not take part in household affairs, spending his life at the card table, and

From the book GA 5. Friedrich Nietzsche. A fighter against his time author Steiner Rudolf

Death of Griboyedov. “Woe from Wit” was a work nurtured by the author for many years. After completing the work, a period of mental fatigue began. Participation in the Russo-Persian War, which ended in a favorable signing for Russia, took a lot of effort.

From the book ON THE COUNTRY OF LITERATURE author Dmitriev Valentin Grigorievich

From the book Desk author Kaverin Veniamin Alexandrovich

IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF GRIBOEDOV The pearl of Russian drama, “Woe from Wit,” is one of the works that attracted imitators and successors. Some of Griboyedov’s imitators announced that they had found new scenes or lines that were supposedly missing in the generally accepted text

From the book Alexey Remizov: Personality and creative practices of a writer author Obatnina Elena Rudolfovna

PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER Reading the scientific works of Yuri Nikolaevich Typyanov, written sparingly, restrainedly, and complexly, you can’t help but imagine a man deeply immersed in the history and theory of literature, taciturn, convinced that there is absolutely nothing except science, that

From the book Philosophy and Religion by F.M. Dostoevsky author (Popovich) Justin

From the book Russian Literature in Assessments, Judgments, Disputes: A Reader of Literary Critical Texts author Esin Andrey Borisovich

From the book Articles on Russian Literature [collection] author

Comedy A.S. Griboedov's "Woe from Wit" Griboedov's play was a significant event in the literary life of the early 20s. XIX century and continued to maintain popularity subsequently. Letter from Griboyedov P.A. Katenina reveals the author's intention of the play and its main idea:

From the book How to Write an Essay. To prepare for the Unified State Exam author Sitnikov Vitaly Pavlovich

Essay by A.S. Griboyedova<…>Tragedy or comedy, like anything piece of art, must represent a special, closed world in itself, that is, it must have a unity of action that comes not from the external form, but from the idea that lies at its basis. She doesn't

From the book Articles about Russian literature author Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich

Woe from the mind. Essay by A.S. Griboyedov For the first time - “Notes of the Fatherland”. 1840. No. 1. Dept. V. S. 1-56. The second half of the article is published according to the publisher: Belinsky V.G. Full collection op. T. III. M., 1953. P. 452–486.S. 53. Moloch (myth.) – god of the Sun, fire and war; a symbol of an inexorable all-destroying force.S. 54.

From the author's book

Bykova N. G. Comedy by A. G. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit” Comedy written by Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Unfortunately, there is no exact information about the time when the idea for the comedy originated. According to some sources, it was conceived in 1816, but there are suggestions that the first

From the author's book

Woe from the mind. Composition by A. S. Griboedov* Comedy in 4 acts, in verse<…>A tragedy or comedy, like any work of art, must represent a special, closed world in itself, that is, it must have a unity of action that does not come from the outside

On this day, February 11 (January 30, old style), 1829, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov died during the notorious “Tehran massacre.” It is impossible to describe such a multifaceted personality in a few words. From his works, notes, letters and memoirs of his contemporaries, so much evidence of his talents has been preserved that one can only lament the early death of a genius (Griboyedov’s date of birth has not been precisely established, but at the time of his death he was about 35 years old), who could have enriched many others. Russian culture. We decided to remember the various facets of this unique personality and its reflections in the eyes of descendants.

1. "Writer of one book"

Of course, Griboyedov wrote more than one book. The concept of “writer of one book” can be found often, but it should not be taken literally - it means that the author has only one important work. There is probably no need to explain at length that such a view in many cases has every reason to be called superficial. So it is in the case of Griboyedov. His “Woe from Wit” is certainly a book that everyone needs to read (more than once), and is his most serious, holistic and complete work. However, his other works are also worthy of the attention of everyone who is generally interested in Russian literature.

2. The master who lost the manuscripts

Not least of all, this perception of Griboyedov’s legacy is due to the fact that a significant part of his works simply did not reach us - or only partially reached us in draft versions. Even the immortal "Woe from Wit" in the form in which we know it owes only to the enthusiasm of its readers. After all, it was published years after the writer’s death - and subject to heavy censorship. The text, familiar to us from our school desks, is printed from one of the manuscripts copied from the author - this is how the masterpiece was first distributed. After the tragedy in Tehran, Griboyedov’s widow was returned his personal belongings, including unpublished books. However, as the researcher of the poet’s work S. Fomichev notes, there is every reason to talk about the disappearance of a number of planned and begun works.

3. "Russian Shakespeare"

Much of what is left to us from Griboyedov, as already mentioned, has the character of incompleteness - to varying degrees. And some of his works that have come down to us were written by him at the dawn creative activity. Therefore, the monumental "Woe from Wit", standing on a par with other masterpieces of Russian literary classics, against their background seems to be a work from another planet. This at one time provoked the emergence of the theory that the author of the play was in fact not Griboyedov, but one of his colleagues. As you know, there is a similar - only even more confusing - theory about Shakespeare, whom some are inclined to consider as a collective pseudonym like Kozma Prutkov. The second “Russian Shakespeare” in the 20th century was Mikhail Sholokhov, whose great novel "Quiet Don“Over time, it has acquired a whole heap of conspiracy theories. But, unlike the above cases, the answer to the question of why “Woe from Wit” became the only significant work in Griboyedov’s bibliography seems to be bitterly simple - he died too early, and, moreover, as biographers testify, just on the eve of a powerful creative turning point.

4. Innovator and experimenter

And calling Griboyedov’s early works weak is not entirely fair. He showed his talent as a satirist early, writing a parody of Ozerov’s famous tragedy, which he called “Dmitry Dryanskoy,” where he caustically exposed the prejudices of educated society (unfortunately, the text has not survived). And his desire to develop creatively, which never faded, significantly influenced Moscow cultural life. For example, researchers note that his experiment with the genre of “parlor comedy” (“Family Secret”), borrowed from his French colleagues, set a whole fashion in theaters that lasted for several years. Griboedov's creative search continued until his death - this is evidenced by his later works ("Georgian Night", 1828). Unusually - in comparison with "Woe from Wit" - the heavy syllable that is found in the poet's later poems speaks of a deep reflection on literary form and language. But the search was never destined to end and result in something holistic.

5. “And he speaks as he writes...”

Griboyedov not only received an excellent education, he was a rare polymath (he revealed Goethe, Schiller, Shakespeare, whom he knew by heart, to his friends) and a polyglot (he knew several European, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Georgian languages, as well as Latin and ancient Greek). His analytical skills, wit and outlook made an incredible impression on his contemporaries. Moreover, such contemporaries who themselves could impress anyone. For example, Pushkin himself spoke about his namesake with undisguised delight and extremely succinctly: “One of the smartest people in Russia.” Everyone knows Griboedov's extraordinary musical abilities. Alas, musical works Alexander Sergeevich has survived even less than the literary ones - but what kind! It was not for nothing that young Mikhail Glinka communicated with him with such enthusiasm. Griboyedov, they write, was also an excellent storyteller. However, he did not manage to realize this talent enough to realize it fully in prose. Something, however, was achieved...

6. "The Failed Tolstoy"

Griboyedov was keenly interested in history. It is known that he wanted to write about 1812 (the remaining materials hint at the project of an entire epic), about the Baptism of Rus', about the Tatar-Mongol yoke. He studied thematic magazines and books and planned trips to historical places. On duty, he actually managed to visit some of them. And him travel notes from Crimea, from the Caucasus and from Persia discover in Griboyedov an attentive observer and an incredibly interesting and lively narrator. Unfortunately, the last visit to Persia ended in tragedy for the newly appointed Russian Ambassador to Persia, Griboyedov, and 37 other Russian subjects.

7. I was glad to serve

Speaking about the personality of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov, one cannot help but recall the evidence of his exceptional human qualities. A true patriot (and what daring “hussar” poems!), he put a lot of effort into fighting for the fate of Russian prisoners in Persia (which did not prevent him from being guided by the principle “serving is sickening” - after all, he miraculously escaped punishment for his connections with the Decembrists). The Persian Armenians turned to him for help, whom he helped to shelter from persecution by local fanatics (this patronage in many ways became fatal for the Russian diplomatic mission). One curious story is also connected with the name of Griboyedov, characterizing him as a courageous and noble man. Being the second of his comrade, who killed his other friend in a duel because of a lady, and feeling part of the responsibility for what happened, he accepted the challenge of the second of the other side - Alexander Yakubovich. Having waited his turn, Griboyedov fired without approaching the enemy, although he had previously been wounded in the arm by him. It was from this wound that they were able to identify the great figure of Russian literature of the 19th century in the corpse disfigured by Persian fanatics...

A word about Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov.

You are starting to study the biography of A.S. Griboedova. The resources below will help you answer the following questions:

In what era did A.S. live? Griboyedov?
What kind of education and upbringing did A.S. receive? Griboyedov?
In what historical events of that era did A.S. take part? Griboyedov?
What events, people and things are associated with the death of Griboyedov?

To prepare for the test, I advise you to complete the following tasks:

compile for yourself a chronological certificate of A.S.’s education.

Griboyedova:	Event

date

Griboyedova:	Event

draw up a certificate of military and civil service of A.S. Griboyedova What struck you most about your personality and A.S. Griboedova? Write an essay on this topic (complete the task below).

A.S. Griboedov is a universal genius.

A.S. Griboyedov is called a universal genius. When you read the materials below, you will understand why.
Answer the questions:

What other talents, besides literary ones, did A.S. have? Griboyedov?
What is A.S. famous for? Griboyedov as a diplomat?

You can learn more about A.S. Griboyedov

Zriddle "Woe from Wit". Features of a dramatic work

The new work, “Woe from Wit,” was unlike previous dramatic works. How it was different and how the writer’s contemporaries reacted to it, you will learn from this lesson.

Lesson Plan

The idea of a comedy.

The canons of classicism and the comedy “Woe from Wit”. Reviews from contemporaries and critics.

Famous directors about "Woe from Wit".

Control testing.

You will learn about what caused the birth of the famous comedy “Woe from Wit” from the information below. Think about the question, what prompted A.S. Griboyedov's comedy plot: fantasy, stories of contemporaries, personal experience. Try to argue your point of view. You may need materials from the previous lesson for this.

The canons of classicism and the comedy "Woe from Wit". Reviews from contemporaries and critics

Woe from Wit" with its appearance called into question the need to adhere to the canons of classicism.
Below are materials on this topic. Read carefully the article by I.A. Goncharov “A Million Torments.”

It is there that you will find answers to the following questions.

Classicism is characterized by the following canons: unity of place, unity of time, unity of action (if a comedy begins with a love affair, then only this line should develop and find its outcome in the end), unity of style (only high or only low), a clear division of heroes into positive and negative, idealization goodies, long monologues of the main character. What canons are observed by A.S. Griboyedov in comedy, and which ones are violated?
What reaction did the writer’s violation of the norms of classicism cause?
What role did it play, according to I.A. Goncharova, the writer’s violation of the norms of classicism?

Famous directors about "Woe from Wit"

“Woe from Wit,” banned during the author’s lifetime, found its stage life later. The play was not perceived by either the directors or the audience as archaic.

Famous directors V.E. Meyerhold and K.S. Stanislavsky are the leaders of two completely different directions in their approaches theater arts. Each of them had their own special considerations regarding the production of the comedy "Woe from Wit". Whose opinion is closer to you, and what instructions would you give to a modern director for staging a comedy??

Control testing

Russian criticism about A.S. Griboyedov. Ideas of Decembrism in comedy

With this topic we complete the study of the work of A.S. Griboedova. His comedy “Woe from Wit” was interesting to Russian critics not only because of the conflict, which is unlikely to ever lose its relevance, but also how historical work, reflecting the era of the Decembrists.

Lesson Plan

The era of A.S. Griboyedov - the era of the Decembrists