The concept “people” has several meanings. It is understood as the population of a country (for example, the people of India, the people of Switzerland, the people of France, etc.), workers, just a group, a crowd of people (in the expression: there are a lot of people on the street, etc.) and, finally , what scientists call the term “ethnos”, “ethnic community”. An ethnos (people) is defined as a historically established stable collection of people in a certain territory who have common relatively stable characteristics of language, culture and psyche, as well as an awareness of their unity and difference from all other similar entities.

There are several thousand peoples living in the world. They differ from each other in their numbers, level of social development, language and culture, and racial appearance.

    The tribal leader dances. New Guinea.

    Swazi woman in festive clothes. Swaziland.

    The art of Tunisian carpet weavers is known all over the world.

    Children's holiday in Hanoi.

    thumb|Mongolian woman in national costume.

    Norwegian schoolchildren.

    Girls from the island of Nauru.

    Large Indian market in the city of Toluca. Mexico.

    frame|right|Belarusian folk holiday.

    frame|right|Sugar cane harvesting in Cuba.

    Modern races of the world.

    frame|center|Representatives of the main races.

    Tajik girl harvesting cotton.

    Residents of Yakutia are accustomed to severe frosts.

Fluctuations in the numbers of different ethnic groups are quite significant. Thus, the number of the largest nations exceeds 100 million people. These are Chinese, Hindustani, US Americans, Bengalis, Russians, Brazilians, Japanese. Tiny endangered ethnic groups (more precisely, fragments of ethnic groups) today do not number even 10 people. These include ouma, eba, bina in Papua New Guinea and others. No less significant are the differences between ethnic groups in terms of the level of socio-economic development: peoples who are socially highly developed coexist with peoples who are actually still at the primitive stage. Linguistic and cultural differences are also very large. Each nation speaks a special language, although it happens that the same language is used by several ethnic groups or, conversely, one ethnic group speaks several languages. At the same time, many languages ​​are related to each other, and the degree of this relationship varies. The range of similarities and differences in the culture of different peoples is also significant.

The principles for classifying the peoples of the world are different. In ethnography, the ethnolinguistic classification is most often used, grouping all peoples based on linguistic kinship. This classification also helps with historical research, as it provides a genetic interpretation of the existing similarities between peoples. According to the ethnolinguistic classification, the peoples of the world are divided into the following families: Indo-European, Afroasiatic (Semitic-Hamitic), Kartvelian, Ural (Ural-Yukaghir), Dravidian, Altai, Eskimo-Aleutian, Chukchi-Kamchatka, North Caucasian, Sino-Tibetan, Miao-Yao, Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Paratai, Na-Dene, North Amerindian, Central Amerindian, Chibcha-Paes, Zhe-Pano-Caribbean, Andean, Equatorial-Tucanoan, Australian, Andamanese, Niger-Kordofanian, Nilo-Saharan, Khoisan, and also several Papuan. Along with the peoples united by the listed families, there are also ethnic groups that occupy an isolated position linguistically. These are the Basques, Burishi, Kets, Nivkhs, Ainu, etc.

The largest of the families is Indo-European, uniting 45% of the population globe. The peoples of this family live in most of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, foreign Europe, Iran and Afghanistan, in the northern and central regions of South Asia. They also predominate today in America and Australia. (All peoples included in one or another family are named in the appendix to the article.

The Kartvelian family is small (0.1% of the world population). This includes Georgians living in Transcaucasia and ethnic communities close to them. The peoples of the Ural (Ural-Yukaghir) family (0.5% of the world's population) live in the Trans-Urals, in the far north of Siberia, in the Volga region, in the north of the European part of Russia, in the Baltic states, Finland, and the north of Scandinavia and Hungary. The Dravidian family (4% of the world's population) is concentrated mainly in South Asia. The peoples of the Altai family (6% of the world's population) form a number of geographically unconnected areas from the Balkan Peninsula to the Russian Far East. Many scientists consider the groups included in its composition to be genetically unrelated and place them in several different families.

The small Eskimo-Aleut family, whose range mainly covers the extreme north of North America and Greenland, unites, as the name suggests, Eskimos and Aleuts. The small peoples of the Chukotka-Kamchatka family (Chukchi, Koryaks, Itelmens) live in the extreme northeast of our country.

The peoples of the Afroasiatic family (5% of the world's population) are settled in South-West Asia and North Africa. The Afroasiatic family includes the Semitic, Berber, Cushitic and Chadian groups.

The North Caucasian family is relatively small in number (0.1% of the world population). It includes two groups - Abkhaz-Adyghe and Nakh-Dagestan.

The Sino-Tibetan family (23% of the world's population) is second in number only to the Indo-European (it includes the Chinese, the largest people on Earth).

The peoples of the Miao-Yao family (0.2% of the world's population) live in China, as well as in Vietnam and some other countries South-East Asia. The two most significant ethnic communities are the Miao and Yao, which is where the family's name comes from. Some researchers consider the Miao-Yao a group within the Sino-Tibetan family, others as a group within the Austroasiatic family.

The peoples of the Austroasiatic family (2% of the world's population) live mostly in Southeast Asia, as well as in adjacent areas of South and East Asia.

The Austronesian family (5% of the world's population) unites peoples living over a vast area from Madagascar to the Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean.

The Parathai family (1.5% of the world's population belongs to it) is concentrated in the countries of Southeast Asia and neighboring areas of China. It does not always stand out as an independent unit. Some scientists consider it a group of the Sino-Tibetan family, others - combine the Paratai and Austronesian families.

The Indian peoples of America are linguistically divided into families: Na-Dene, North Amerindian, Central Amerindian, Chibcha-Paes (southern Central and northern South America), Zhe-Pano-Caribbean, Andean, Equatorial-Tucanoan. Of these families, the most significant is the Andean family (0.4% of the world's population), which includes the largest Indian people, the Quechua.

The Australian family, as its name suggests, is centered in Australia. It unites the very small indigenous peoples of this continent.

The Andaman family consists of several very small ethnic groups of the Adaman Islands (Ongyo and others).

In New Guinea and the adjacent islands (the New Guinea region surpasses any other region of the globe in terms of the complexity of its ethnic structure), Papuan peoples live, linguistically united into ten families: Trans-New Guinea, West Papuan, Sepik Rama, Torricelli, East Papuan, East Chendrawasih Chendravasih Bay, kvomtari, arai, amto-musian. Only the first five families are significant, of which the Trans-New Guinean family stands out (the peoples included in its composition form 0.1% of the world's population).

The peoples of sub-Saharan Africa form three families: Niger-Kordofanian (6% of the world's population), Nilo-Saharan (0.6%) and Khoisan. The Nilo-Saharan family as a whole is localized to the north of the Niger-Kordofan family; small peoples of the Khoisan family (Hottentots, Bushmen, etc.) live on the southern periphery of Africa and in Tanzania.

A number of peoples of the world occupy a linguistically isolated position. Two linguistically distinct peoples - the Nivkhs and the Kets (both very small in number) - live in the Asian part of our country. In the far north of South Asia, in the Karakoram Mountains, live a small Burishi people, whose language also occupies an isolated position. In Europe, the isolated language is spoken by Basques living in the Pyrenees, on either side of the border between Spain and France. Isolated languages ​​are also spoken by the Ainu (Hokkaido Island, Japan). Finally, a large group of peoples speaking isolated languages ​​lives in New Guinea (Borumeso, Varenbori, Pauwi, etc.), but perhaps the classification of the languages ​​of the New Guinean peoples as isolated is not the result of true genetic isolation, but a consequence of their still poor study.

Some researchers are trying to identify more distant linguistic relationships, identifying macro-families in addition to families. So, for example, the Indo-European, Kartvelian, Dravidian, Ural-Yukaghir, Altai, Eskimo-Aleutian, and sometimes Afrasian families are combined into the Nostratic macrofamily; all Indian families (except Na-Dene) are included in the Amerindian macrofamily.

In addition to the ethnolinguistic classification, there is also an areal classification, when peoples are grouped according to large regions, called historical-cultural or historical-ethnographic areas. Within these areas, over a long period of time historical development a certain cultural community has developed.

The peoples of the world are also divided into three main races: Caucasoid (or Caucasoid), Mongoloid and Negroid. The eastern range of Negroids is often considered as a special Australoid large race. Some foreign scientists highlight larger number the main human races, for example, the Americanoids, Lapanoids, the Malayan race, etc. (see map).

As a result of the mixing of various large races, the so-called contact races were formed, of which there are quite a lot today. Thus, from the mixing of the eastern branch of northern Caucasoids and northern Mongoloids, the Ural (Ural-Laponoid) racial group arose. The mixed group includes the South Siberian group, which arose from the first centuries of the new era on the vast steppe space between the Urals and the Yenisei, in which Mongoloid features predominate. In the Middle Ages, in the more southern regions, mixed Central Asian groups were formed, dominated in most cases by the Caucasian element. In the east and southeast of Asia there was a contact zone between Mongoloids and Australoids, where a number of mixed forms arose at different times, for example, the South Asian group with a preponderance of Mongoloid features.

APPLICATION

INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY Slavic group Russian Ukrainians Belarusians Poles Czechs, Slovaks Serbs, Montenegrins, Muslim Slavs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians Bulgarians Baltic group Lithuanians Latvians German group Germans Austrians German-Swiss Alsatians, Luxembourgers Dutch, Flemings, Frisians, Afrikaners European and American rays english scots Scots and Anglo-Irish Anglo-Canadians Anglo-Australians, Anglo-New Zealanders Anglo-Africans Americans of the USA, including African-Americans English-speaking peoples of Central America, the West Indies and South America (Bahamians, Jamaicans, etc.) and islands Atlantic Ocean (Sectelenes, Tristanians) Swedes Norwegians Icelanders Faroese Danes Celtic group Irish Welsh Bretons Roman group Italians Sardinians Italian-Swiss Corsicans French Walloons French Swiss French Canadians Guadeloupians, Martinicans, Guianians, Haitians, Reunionians, Mauritians, Seychelles Cubans Dominicans Canadians Mexicans Guatemalans Hondurans Salvadorans Nicaraguans Costa Ricans Panamanians Venezuelans Colombians Ecuadorians Peruvians Bolivians Chileans Argentines Paraguayans Uruguayans Spaniards Catalans Portuguese, Cape Verdians Galicians Brazilians Romanians Moldavians Albanian group Albanians Greek group Greeks Armenian group Armenians Iranian group Persians Kurds, Lurs, Bakhtiari Baluchi Tajiks, Hazaras Afghans (Pashtuns) Ossetians Well Ristani group Nuristanis Indo-Aryan group Bengalis Assamese Oriyas Biharis Hindustanis Rajasthanis Gujarati Marathas Punjabis Sindhi Nepalese Pahari Sinhalese Maldivians Indo-Mauritians, Guyanese-Indo-Pakistanis, Fijian Indians Kashmiris, Shinas and other Dardic peoples Gypsies AFRASIAN FAMILY Semitic group Arab peoples (Egyptians, Syrians, Algerians, etc.) Maltese Jews of Israel Amhara, Gurage, Tigrayan , Tigre Berber group Kabila, Tamazight, Shilha, Tuareg and others Cushitic group Oromo Somalia Afar, Beja, Sidamo and others Chadian group Hausa, Angas, Kotoko and others KARTWEL FAMILY Georgians DRAVIDIAN FAMILY Tamils ​​Malayali Kannara Telugu Gonds, Oraon, Brahui and other Dravidian peoples URAL-YUKAHIR FAMILY Finno-Ugric group Finns Karelians Estonians Saami (Lapps), Mordovians, Mari, Udmurts, Komi Hungarians Khanty, Mansi Samoyed group Nenets, Nganasans, Selkups Yukagir group Yukagirs Eskimo-Aleutian family Eskimos, Aleuts ALTAISK AY FAMILY Turkic group Turks Azerbaijanis Various Turkic-speaking peoples of Iran Turkmens Tatars, Crimean Tatars Bashkirs Karachais, Balkars, Kumyks, Nogais Kazakhs Karakalpaks Kirghiz Uzbeks Uighurs Altaians, Shors, Khakass Tuvans Yakuts, Dolgans Chuvash Mongolian group Khalkha-Mongols Oirats Kalmyks Buryats Mongols of the People's Republic of China Tungu co-Manchu group Evenks, Evens , Nanai, Udege and others Manchus Korean group Koreans Japanese group NIVKHI Nivkh CHUKOTKA-KAMCHATA FAMILY Chukchi Koryaks Itelmen NIGERO-KORDOFAN FAMILY Niger-Congo group Western Atlantic subgroup Fulbe, Wolof, Serer, Diola, Temne, Kisi and others Central Niger-Congo subgroup Moei, Grusi, Gurma, Senufo and other Gur peoples Bakwe, Bete and other Kru peoples Akan, Anyi, Baule, Ewe, Fon Ijo Yoruba, Nupe, Bini, Igbo, Ibibio, Tiv, Bamileke and others Fang, Mongo, Rwanda, Rundi , Ganda, Luhya, Kikuyu, Kamba, Nyamwezi, Swahili, Congo, Luba, Bemba, Malawi, Makua, Ovimbundu, Shona, Tswana, Pedi, Suto, Xhosa, Zulu, Tsonga and other Bantu peoples Zande, Chamba, Mboom, Banda, Gbaya and other Adamau-Ubang peoples Mande group Malinke, Bambara, Soninke, Susu, Mende and others Kordofan group Ebang, Kadugli and others NILO-SAHARAN FAMILY Eastern Sudanese group Nubians, Dinka, Kalenjin, Luo and others Central Sudanese group Bongo, Sara, Bagirmi, Moru, Mangbetu and others Berta Bert group Kunama group Kunama Saharan group Kanuri, Tubu and others Songhai group Songhai and others Fur group Mabang group Mabang and others Komuz group Koma and others KHOYSAN FAMILY Bushmen, Hottentots BASKES Basques BURISHI Burishi NORTH CAUCASIAN FAMILY Abkhazian-Adyghe group Abkhazians, Adygeis, Kabardians, Circassians Nakh-Dagestan group Chechens, Ingush, Avars, Dargins, Lezgins and others KETS Kets SINO-TIBETAN FAMILY Chinese, Hui Bai Tibetans, Bhutanese and others Myanmar Izu, Tujia, Hani, Manipur, Naga, Karens , Kachin, Garo, Bodo, Newari, Tamang and others AUSTROASIAN FAMILY Mon-Khmer group Viet, Muong Khmers, mountain Khmers Asli group Semang, Senoi Nicobar group Nicobars Khasi group Khasi Munda group Munda, Santals and others MIAO-YAO FAMILY Miao, Yao PARATAY FAMILY Siamese Lao Zhuang, Bui, Shan, Thai and others Dun, Li and others AUSTRONSIAN FAMILY Western Austronesian group Malaysian Malays, Chams Javanese, Sunda, Madurese, Indonesian Malays, Minangkabau and others Tagalog, Bisaya, Iloki and others Chamorro, Belau, Japanese Malagasy Central Austronesian group Ende, Atoni, Tetum, Ambonians and others Eastern Austronesian group Southern Halmaherans, Biak-Numforians and others Melanesians (Fijians, Tolai and others) Micronesians (Truk, Marshallese, Kiribati, Nauru and others) Polynesians (Tonga, Samoans, Tuvalu, Maori , Tahitians, Hawaiians and others) Taiwanese Gaoshan groups ANDAMAN FAMILY Andamanese PAPUA FAMILIES Enga, Huli, Hagen, Chimbu, Kamano, Dani, Abelam, Ternatians and other Papuan peoples AUSTRALIAN FAMILY Aboriginal Australians AIN Ain

INDIAN FAMILIES

NADEN FAMILY Athabascan (Navajo, Apache and others), Tlingit, Haida NORTH AMERINDIAN FAMILY Maya, Qeqchi, Quiché, Kaqchikel, Algonquin, Sioux and others CENTRAL AMERINDIAN FAMILY Aztec, Shoshone, Otomi, Mixtec, Zapotec and others CHIBCHA-PAES Mi FAMILY hermitage, paes and others ANDEAN FAMILY Quechua, Aymara, Araucanas and others EQUATORIAL-TUCAN FAMILY Arawak, Tupi, Tucano and others JE-PANO-CARIBBEAN FAMILY Caribbean, Pano, zhe and others

Do you know how many nationalities there are in the world? Answering this question is not as easy as it seems at first glance. There are quite a lot of contradictions in the understanding of the very term “nationality”. What is this? Linguistic community? Citizenship? This article will be devoted to bringing some clarity to the problems of nationalities of the world. We will also look at which ethnic groups produce beautiful women and attractive men. Naturally, nationalities can disappear and assimilate. And an individual in our age of globalization can be a product of a mixture of different ethnic groups. And often it is difficult for a person to answer the question of what his nationality is. But if we talk about large groups of people, then we can isolate several factors by which ethnicity is determined.

Citizenship and nationality

Firstly, not all powers are monolithic in the ethnic composition of their populations. And even if we do not take into account the presence of migrants, the so-called “first generation citizens,” then even then we cannot say that there are one hundred and ninety-two nationalities of the world. The list of states (and there are so many of them on the political map) does not give us an idea of ​​the numerous ethnic groups inhabiting these same countries. For example, in Russian Federation Representatives of more than one hundred and eighty nationalities live here. And Northern and South Korea inhabits one people, divided by a demarcation line due to political strife. There is a concept of “American nation,” but it is extremely diverse in ethnic composition. The same can be said about Australia, New Zealand and Canada, whose lands were settled by emigrants from all over the world. At the same time, even in such a seemingly monolithic country in terms of ethnic composition as Poland, there are Silesians, Kashubians, Lemkos and other groups.

Language and nationality

One of the markers by which one can determine whether a person belongs to a particular nation is his language. In the population census, this factor is placed at the forefront. If we are guided by this marker, then the question of how many nationalities there are in the world can be answered: from two and a half to five thousand. Why is there such a huge discrepancy in numbers? Because we are faced with a new difficulty: what is language? Is it a dialect, a dialect used by a certain ethnic community? But determining a person’s nationality by language is also not entirely correct. After all, not all Jews know Hebrew. And it almost died, and now the government is making incredible efforts to revive it. Residents of the Green Island speak English, but do not consider themselves British.

Appearance and nationality

An even more precarious path is to determine the ethnicity of an individual by his physiological characteristics. What can we say about a person's appearance? If he has blond hair and blue eyes, then he can equally well turn out to be a Swede, a Russian or a Pole. We can, of course, talk about Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Latin American, but all this does not give us an idea of ​​what a representative of the “titular nation” should look like. Moreover, with the dominant brunette gene, blondes are gradually “dying out.” The nationalities of the world, whose representatives inhabited the lands previously known as the countries of fair-haired people (Bulgaria, states on the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, Georgia), after the Turkish conquest noticeably “darkened.” So define ethnicity by appearance does not seem possible. Although, of course, there are certain facial features that are often found in representatives of a particular nationality.

Formation of ethnic groups

All nationalities of the world have come a long way in their historical development. Ancient tribes entered into military and trade alliances with each other and lived in close proximity for a long time. As a result, certain differences were erased, dialects came closer together, forming one language. One can cite the example of the ancient Romans. In addition to the Latins who inhabited the regions along the banks of the Tiber, the Veneti, Auzones, Lucanians, Osci, Messapians, Piceni, Umbrians and Falisci took part in the formation of the people. And their dialects still exist today! The huge Roman Empire, which included many nationalities, collapsed in the Middle Ages. Latin, the official language of the ancient state, gave impetus to the formation of Romance languages: Italian, French, Spanish. Awareness of the multitude by one community within the state gives rise to a nation.

Natural assimilation

Not all nationalities of the countries of the world have survived to this day. A smaller nationality surrounded by a larger one risks losing its identity, especially if it is included in a state where this largest nationality is considered the “titular nation”. This happened in the USSR. The first census, conducted in 1926, found that there were 178 nationalities living in the state. In 1956, there were only 109 of them. And there were 91 large nationalities, which numbered more than ten thousand people. Thus, in less than thirty years, the number of ethnic groups has decreased significantly. Of course, not everyone became Russian. Adjarians, Laz, Svans and Mingrelians began to associate themselves with Georgians; Kuramins, Turks and Kipchaks began to consider themselves Uzbeks. Thus, if not supported cultural characteristics small nations, there is a serious risk that they will disappear.

Forced assimilation

Sometimes governments, wary of separatist sentiments, pursue policies aimed at the deliberate destruction of nationality as such. They do not kill members of the ethnic minority, but carry out targeted assimilation measures. For example, in Poland after World War II, all Lemkos were taken out of their places of compact residence and settled in small groups in other regions of the country. In the south of France, for a long time, schoolchildren were punished if they began to speak the local Occitan dialect. Only in the eighties of the twentieth century, under public pressure, elective courses were opened to study the almost extinct dialect. Since the world's small nationalities are already inclined to dissolve into large ones, assimilating them by force is a violation of human rights.

How many nationalities are there in the world?

Nobody knows this. According to various sources, the nationalities of the peoples of the world can number from four and a half to six thousand. The total number of languages ​​and dialects ranges from two and a half to five thousand. But there are still tribes that do not make contact with the civilized world (the so-called un-contacted people). How many such tribes are still found in Africa, the Amazon Valley? It is also quite difficult to determine the line between ethnic group, nationality and nationality. But there is another opinion about larger communities. It is believed that a nation is a purely political construct. This theory is gaining more and more supporters in modern society.

Beautiful nationalities of the world: list

Assimilation, of course, can lead to the disappearance of an ethnic group. But mixing blood only improves the gene pool. The so-called mestizos have always amazed us with their beauty and talents. Let us at least remember the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, in whose veins Slavic and African blood flowed. If we talk not about certain individuals, but about large groups of people, then the same relationship can be traced here. The most beautiful community is the one in which they are mixed, as in a crucible, different nationalities peace. Thus, the countries of Latin America amaze with the abundance of beauties and angelic men. After all, locals took part in the formation of Costa Ricans, Brazilians and Colombians Indian tribes, Spaniards and Africans. Citizens of the former USSR are also not bad-looking, since many of them were born as a result of mixed interethnic marriages.

Where do the most beautiful girls live?

This issue worries not only representatives of the stronger sex. Of course, everyone has their own standard of beauty, but aren’t Miss Universe competitions held? Let's do a little statistical analysis to find out which country has the most beautiful women peace. The nationality of the charming winner is not taken into account by the jury. But we will consider the charming girl a representative of the “titular nation”.

So, according to surveys conducted by various men's and women's magazines, Brazilian women are in first place in beauty. After all, this Latin American country is real. Here you can meet both an irresistible blonde and a charming black woman. Many Asians gave Brazilians the languor of the Japanese orchid and almond-shaped eyes. If you like tall blondes, then feel free to go to Sweden for them. Argentines are in third place. The fourth position is held by Ukrainians, and the fifth by Russians.

Where do the most handsome men in the world live by nationality?

A selection of super attractive machos different countries created a portal for tourists Travelers Digest. He did his own research to properly guide single ladies on a romantic getaway. What happened? Which nationalities in the world have produced the most Apollos?

The portal warns that it assessed not only the external data of men, but also their upbringing, level of intelligence, and ability to care for a lady. Swedes, residents of New York and Amsterdam lead the list. The Top Ten included the Portuguese, Argentines, Australians, Spaniards, Germans, Italians and Israelis. But girls often notice that the portal is wrong. In their opinion, residents of Latin American countries, Spaniards, Italians and Turks are more attractive.

There are several hundred peoples on our planet. Everyone has different customs and language. Some don't have a written language. There are peoples whose civilization has reached unprecedented heights. And there are some that are quite primitive. The same gesture can have opposite meanings in different cultures. The science that studies peoples is called ethnography.

In addition to Russia, which has more than 190 nationalities, including 150 million Russians, about four hundred more peoples live on the globe. And if we count small nationalities and ethnic groups, we get about five and a half thousand. Among the most numerous are fourteen nations.

  1. The list is headed by the Chinese, 1320 million of them. Among them, 92% are Han, the rest are Zhuang and Huizu.
  2. The second largest number are Arabs. There are 330 million of them.
  3. Third place is occupied by Americans, that is, residents of the United States. There are 317 million of them. Although they all come from other countries, the signs of a nation allow them to be considered an ethnic group.
  4. The fourth largest number of Hindustanis is 265 million. Their language is Hindi and they live in India, Nepal and Pakistan.
  • Bengals - 250.
  • Brazilians (a people made up of several nations living in Brazil) - 197.
  • Mexicans (by and large these are the nationalities of Mexico) - 148.
  • Japanese - 132.
  • Punjabis inhabiting the state of Punjab in India - 130.
  • Biharis, residents of the Indian state of Bihar - 115.
  • Javanese living on the island of Java and Indonesia - 105.
  • Thais - 90.
  • Koreans - 83.
  • Marathas (another Indian people) - 83.

Who lives in Europe

Speaking about the peoples of other countries of the world, let's not forget about Europe. It is not customary here to have large families, so the numbers will be more modest. But in terms of cultural traditions, customs and literature of all nationalities are of great interest. Now let’s list the most numerous nations of foreign Europe (in millions of people):

  1. Germans - 82.
  2. French - 65.
  3. Italians - 59.
  4. British - 58.
  5. Poles - 47.
  6. Spaniards - 46.
  7. Ukrainians - 45.
  8. Gypsies - 5.
  9. Jews - 2.

Many Europeans do not live in Europe; they are not included in this list. There are also no migrants - predominantly Asian peoples who have settled here but are not native residents. As a result of mixed marriages and cultures, new nationalities are gradually formed.

Families of Nations

Many peoples have a similar language, which is due to their kinship. To define a group of linguistically diverse people, the term "language family" was coined. There are several of them, and the most common is Indo-European. Half of the globe speaks its languages. It consists of several groups.

Romance, Germanic and Slavic are the most numerous. All European peoples, as well as Mexicans, Brazilians and other Latin Americans belong to this family. Greeks, Armenians and descendants of the Persians are also included in it.

There are also Chinese, Semitic-Hamitic, Niger-Kordofanian, Austronesian, Ural and Caucasian families. For our country, the Ural, Altai and Caucasian regions are of greatest interest. The fact is that the peoples included in them are considered Russian in other countries. In America, for example, that’s what they say: Russian Mari, Abkhazian, Tatar. And besides, these nationalities know Russian well.

Peoples of the Caucasus

The Bible's message that the ark settled in the Ararat Mountains after the Flood is of interest not only to scientists. Armenians have long considered themselves descendants of Noah and trace their ancestry back to Japheth, his son. Now the Caucasus is inhabited by dozens of peoples. According to various sources, there are from 50 to 62 of them. Caucasians differ from the peoples of other countries of the world in their hospitality, songs, dances and cuisine.

Georgians and Adjarians represent the Georgian group. Georgian wines can be used to study the geography of this country: grape varieties are named according to the areas where they are grown. Georgians sing beautifully in different voices. Every Caucasian has a Lezginka in his blood, and all nationalities have their own. Abkhazians, neighbors of Georgians, live by the sea. Kabardians, Circassians and Adygs are in the mountains. Chechens and Ingush live next to them.

Some small nations no longer exist, the last carrier of the language and culture dies, and the memory of the people remains only in books. Therefore, it is important to get acquainted with the culture of the Caucasian inhabitants.

Turkic peoples

One of the groups of the Altai language family is Turkic. It includes the Tatar people. A dozen and a half nationalities related to him make up a fairly large number. In addition to the Bashkirs and Chuvashes living next to Tatar people, this group includes residents of the former southern Soviet republics. These are Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Turkmens and Azerbaijanis. Moreover, the Turks are also members of this family.

Some phrases expressing greetings, wishes for peace, health to the family, well-being to children sound very similar in these nations. U Turkic peoples It is common to have large families; women are largely dependent on men. Children are polite to adults.

Gestures that are innocent in one part of the world become unacceptable in another.

  • The fig gesture can be shown in Brazil - there they consider it a wish for good luck. But the same thing in Arab countries- a serious insult.
  • Head movements, which in Russia mean no and nod means yes, are exactly the opposite in Bulgaria and Greece.
  • In Buddhist culture, the crown is considered an important place of the body, and stroking a child's head can be perceived as aggression.
  • The thumbs up gesture, which is used to vote on the road in Europe and America, is better not done in Iran - it is a sexual insult.
  • Scratching the chin is an offensive gesture in France.
  • Almost everywhere in Asia and Africa, eating with your left hand or passing objects and money is unacceptable. It is believed that Satan was left-handed.

Tourists should get acquainted with the customs of peoples before going on vacation. How to avoid making a mistake:

  • In Kenya, it is customary for a man to dress in women's clothing after marriage and do housework for a month. It is believed that this will make him appreciate his wife more.
  • The Chinese love it when people give them artificial flowers rather than real ones. And the living are considered a symbol of death.
  • In Thailand, they use a fork in an original way. It is used to put food into a spoon, not into the mouth.
  • In Japan, you should not leave your chopsticks in a bowl of rice, especially while standing: this is a funeral ritual.

The peoples of other countries of the world are interesting to study. It's good that all people are different. After all, collective creativity is manifested in customs.

Peoples of other countries of the world and their customs on the site.

Our life consists of everyday little things that in one way or another affect our well-being, mood and productivity. I didn’t get enough sleep - my head hurts; I drank coffee to improve the situation and cheer up - but I became irritable. I really want to foresee everything, but I just can’t. Moreover, everyone around, as usual, gives advice: gluten in bread - don’t go near it, it will kill you; A chocolate bar in your pocket is a direct path to tooth loss. We collect the most popular questions about health, nutrition, diseases and give answers to them that will allow you to better understand what is good for your health.

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Academic science clearly separates the concepts of “nation” and “ethnicity”. A nation, first of all, is understood as a political community of fellow citizens of a certain state, as well as a single ethnic community - a form of cohabitation of one or several ethnic groups, which over time have developed a common language and identity. In this understanding, the word “nation” is identical to the word “people”. But let’s not go too deep into the jungle of scientific definitions, but let’s look at what is the largest nation in the world.

The largest people on earth are the Chinese. According to the latest statistics, their current number is 1 billion 380 million people. The Chinese call themselves “Han”, and, in addition to their large numbers, it is also one of ancient nations on the ground. For many millennia, China has cultivated a respectful attitude towards family values, which has led to population growth. In addition, the Chinese people are one of the closed people on earth, both historically and at the present stage of development.


The group of peoples belongs to the Semitic language group. Arabs inhabit the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. They also live in Europe and North America. Today, the total number of Arabs, according to various estimates, ranges from 430 to 450 million people. They communicate in Arabic. They mainly practice Islam, but there are also Christians. The ethnic term denoting the nomadic people of deserts and semi-deserts appeared back in the 9th century. Throughout their history, the Arabs have created many cultural monuments, both spiritual and material. They are amazed by the magnificence of the mosque, as well as literary monuments Arab world.


One can argue for a long time whether Americans are a separate nation, but in a narrow sense it is a group of different peoples who are citizens of the United States. Today there are 309 million of them. Representatives of different nationalities develop a common culture and language of communication, which is why they can rightfully be identified as one people. In a broad sense, the concept of “Americans” means all residents of the two American continents. Indians like indigenous people America now have dual identification. Firstly, by nationality, and, secondly, by tribal origin.


Among the largest ethnic groups, it is worth highlighting the Bengalis, whose number is 261 million people. This people settled in some Asian countries, as well as in Great Britain and the USA. The majority of Bengalis live in rural areas, so the main occupations are agriculture and various crafts. The history of the origin of the Bengali language, which was formed as a result of the synthesis of Indo-Aryan dialects with local dialects, is interesting.


The Hidden-speaking population settled in three countries of Southeast Asia: India, Nepal and Pakistan. The total population of this large nation is 255 million people, and their religious affiliation is Hinduism. The Dravidians and Gypsies are considered to be related peoples of Hindustani. Historically, the main occupation of Hindi speakers is Agriculture, but recently more and more representatives of this people are moving into the working class.


Like the American people, the Brazilian people were formed as a result of the mixing of various ethnic groups and peoples. They live mainly within Brazil and number 195 million according to census data. The Brazilian nation began to take shape during the period of Portuguese colonial policy, therefore the main language of communication of Brazilians is Portuguese, and their religion is Catholicism. Despite large integration processes within the country, in the north of Brazil there remain remnants of the original Indian national culture. By the way, on thebiggest you can see photos and descriptions of the hottest models from Brazil.


This nation of the Western Hemisphere has a diverse ethnic and racial background, but Mexicans are united by a common culture and a common language, Spanish. About 112 million Mexicans live in Mexico proper and approximately 32 million in the United States. It is interesting that one of the fastest growing nations on the planet, by race it belongs to the Latin American peoples, and by language it belongs to the Romance group of languages.


The East Slavic ethnic group, numbering about 133 million people, is the indigenous and state-forming people of Russia. Russians are the largest nation in Europe. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the ethnonym “Great Russians” prevailed, which was eventually supplanted, although even today this term can be heard among some public national organizations or religious associations. The Russian nation has gone through a difficult and long path of historical development, but has managed to preserve its original national culture and language. It is believed that the Russian people are one of the most divided in the world. There are approximately 28 million Russians living outside Russia.

9. Japanese


Japanese

One of the most conservative peoples on the planet has 126 million people. The bulk live in Japan, and approximately 3 million settled in North and Latin America, as well as in Australia and Europe. Korea and China had a great influence on the culture of the Japanese nation, but the most ancient ethnic group of the earth carried through the centuries its own features, inherent only to the Japanese. Perhaps the most industrious nation, in the second half of the twentieth century it created one of the most advanced manufacturing and technological economies in the world.


There are 130 million Punjabis living in Pakistan and India. Large diasporas of this nation settled in Europe and Africa. Like most peoples of the south-eastern region, Punjabis are engaged in agriculture, growing wheat in irrigated fields. The ethnogenesis of the Punjabis dates back thousands of years. The ethnos was formed in the difficult conditions of foreign invasions, and perceived many elements and signs of alien peoples. In the 3rd millennium BC, this numerous people were able to create one of the powerful states of the East.


This group of peoples, united common culture, has 115 million people today. They live mainly in the Indian state of Bihar, but Biharis also settled in some other states of India, as well as in neighboring Nepal and Bangladesh. Biharis became the founders ancient civilizations on the territory of India. At the present stage of development, the ethnic group is subject to urbanization processes. The rural population is increasingly moving to large industrial centers, moving from the category of agricultural workers to skilled workers.


The last people whose population exceeds the 100 million mark are the Javanese. There are about 105 million of them on Earth. This indigenous population of Java and Indonesia mainly professes Islam, but there are also those who adhere to Hinduism. Animism has also been preserved among this ethnic group. The Javanese, most likely due to their distance from the main trade routes, managed to create and preserve a unique culture. The culture is characterized by unique dances and music.


This nation settled on the Korean Peninsula, and today numbers 83 million people. Koreans belong to the Mongoloid race and speak Korean. Outside of Korea, they try to preserve national traditions, and in other countries they live compactly. The main problem of the Korean nation is the artificial, political division of the people into two states.


A peculiar and unique people live in the Indian state of Maharashtra, and number just over 80 million people. In 1947, after India won independence, the Marathas achieved the creation of their own state, but part of this nation also lives in neighboring states. Representatives of this eastern ethnic group have done a lot for the development of the economy and culture of India, holding high government positions and distinguishing themselves in the arts.


The indigenous population of Thailand, professing Buddhism, numbers 90 million people. An eastern people whose name comes from the word “tai”, which means “free”. The first human settlements in this part of the globe date back to the Paleolithic period. In Thai culture, a very interesting element is the love for theater arts. There have been several types of theaters in Thailand since ancient times.


Residents of Vietnam call themselves “Vietnamese”, and their number today is 75 million people. The ancient Vietnamese are an autochthonous population of the northern part of the modern state of Vietnam, and over time they settled throughout the Indochina Peninsula. Among the features of the national culture, the highly developed cult of ancestors and the cult of the Divine Mothers of Thanh Mau should be noted.


The European people are the ancestors of the ancient Germans and number, according to various estimates, from 80 to 100 million people. In the early Middle Ages, scattered Germanic tribes settled in the central part of Europe. From them came the modern Germans, who settled, in addition to Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. In the political sense, the concept of “Germans” is much broader, and includes all German citizens of different nationalities.


This Western European ethnos arose as a result of a complex process of ethnogenesis, in which Celtic-Roman and Germanic ethnic communities were involved. According to an estimate for 2015, there are 95 million French people in the world, and they live not only in France, but also in Canada. It is in Canada that one of the largest French diasporas is located. About 67 million French people live in France itself. In contrast to ethnic status, the Constitution of the 5th French Republic defines the French as a political nation without regard to origin.


The question of the origin of the Turkish people in modern science has not been fully determined. But the Turkic-speaking people, numbering between 72 and 77 million people, settled most of Asia Minor, and are today one of the largest in the region. It is interesting that in history the ethnonym “Turk” was not always correlated with Turkish people, but, having gone through a difficult path, the Turks managed to preserve their identity and originality.


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