Ecuadorian authorities have denied Julian Assange asylum at the London embassy. The founder of WikiLeaks was detained by British police, and this has already been called the biggest betrayal in the history of Ecuador. Why are they taking revenge on Assange and what awaits him?

Australian programmer and journalist Julian Assange became widely known after the website WikiLeaks, which he founded, published secret documents from the US State Department in 2010, as well as materials related to military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.

But it was quite difficult to find out who the police, supporting by the arms, were leading out of the building. Assange had grown a beard and looked nothing like the energetic man he had previously appeared in photographs.

According to Ecuadorian President Lenin Moreno, Assange was denied asylum due to his repeated violations of international conventions.

He is expected to remain in custody at a central London police station until he appears at Westminster Magistrates' Court.

Why is the President of Ecuador accused of treason?

Former Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa called the current government's decision the biggest betrayal in the country's history. “What he (Moreno - editor’s note) did is a crime that humanity will never forget,” Correa said.

London, on the contrary, thanked Moreno. The British Foreign Office believes that justice has triumphed. The representative of the Russian diplomatic department, Maria Zakharova, has a different opinion. “The hand of “democracy” is squeezing the throat of freedom,” she noted. The Kremlin expressed hope that the rights of the arrested person will be respected.

Ecuador sheltered Assange because the former president had left-of-center views, criticized U.S. policies and welcomed WikiLeaks' release of secret documents about the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Even before the Internet activist needed asylum, he managed to personally meet Correa: he interviewed him for the Russia Today channel.

However, in 2017, the government in Ecuador changed, and the country set a course for rapprochement with the United States. The new president called Assange “a stone in his shoe” and immediately made it clear that his stay on the embassy premises would not be prolonged.

According to Correa, the moment of truth came at the end of June last year, when US Vice President Michael Pence arrived in Ecuador for a visit. Then everything was decided. “You have no doubt: Lenin is simply a hypocrite. He has already agreed with the Americans on the fate of Assange. And now he is trying to make us swallow the pill, saying that Ecuador is supposedly continuing the dialogue,” Correa said in an interview with the Russia Today channel.

How Assange made new enemies

The day before his arrest, WikiLeaks editor-in-chief Kristin Hrafnsson said that Assange was under total surveillance. “WikiLeaks uncovered a large-scale spying operation against Julian Assange at the Ecuadorian embassy,” he noted. According to him, cameras and voice recorders were placed around Assange, and the information received was transferred to the Donald Trump administration.

Hrafnsson clarified that Assange was going to be expelled from the embassy a week earlier. This did not happen only because WikiLeaks released this information. A high-ranking source told the portal about the plans of the Ecuadorian authorities, but the head of the Ecuadorian Foreign Ministry, Jose Valencia, denied the rumors.

Assange's expulsion was preceded by the corruption scandal surrounding Moreno. In February, WikiLeaks published a package of INA Papers, which traced the operations of the offshore company INA Investment, founded by the brother of the Ecuadorian leader. Quito said it was a conspiracy between Assange and Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and former Ecuadorian leader Rafael Correa to overthrow Moreno.

In early April, Moreno complained about Assange's behavior at Ecuador's London mission. “We must protect the life of Mr. Assange, but he has already crossed all boundaries in terms of violating the agreement that we came to with him,” the president said. “This does not mean that he cannot speak freely, but he cannot lie and hack.” ". At the same time, back in February last year it became known that Assange at the embassy was deprived of the opportunity to interact with the outside world, in particular, his Internet access was cut off.

Why Sweden stopped its prosecution of Assange

At the end of last year, Western media, citing sources, reported that Assange would be charged in the United States. This was never officially confirmed, but it was because of Washington’s position that Assange had to take refuge in the Ecuadorian embassy six years ago.

In May 2017, Sweden stopped investigating two rape cases in which the portal’s founder was accused. Assange demanded compensation from the country's government for legal costs in the amount of 900 thousand euros.

Earlier, in 2015, Swedish prosecutors also dropped three charges against him due to the expiration of the statute of limitations.

Where did the investigation into the rape case lead?

Assange arrived in Sweden in the summer of 2010, hoping to receive protection from American authorities. But he was investigated for rape. In November 2010, a warrant was issued for his arrest in Stockholm, and Assange was put on the international wanted list. He was detained in London, but was soon released on bail of 240 thousand pounds.

In February 2011, a British court decided to extradite Assange to Sweden, after which a number of successful appeals followed for the WikiLeaks founder.

British authorities placed him under house arrest before deciding whether to extradite him to Sweden. Breaking his promise to the authorities, Assange asked for asylum at the Ecuadorian embassy, ​​which was granted to him. Since then, the UK has had its own claims against the WikiLeaks founder.

What awaits Assange now?

The man was re-arrested on a US extradition request for publishing classified documents, police said. At the same time, Deputy Head of the British Foreign Ministry Alan Duncan said that Assange would not be sent to the United States if he faced the death penalty there.

In the UK, Assange is likely to appear in court on the afternoon of April 11. This is stated on the WikiLeaks Twitter page. British authorities are likely to seek a maximum sentence of 12 months, the man's mother said, citing his lawyer.

At the same time, Swedish prosecutors are considering reopening the rape investigation. Attorney Elizabeth Massey Fritz, who represented the victim, will seek this.

Contemporary Russian literature

Andrey Georgievich Bitov

Biography

Laureate of State Prizes of the Russian Federation, President of the Russian Pen Club

Born on May 27, 1937 in Leningrad. Hereditary Petersburger. Father - Georgy Leonidovich Bitov (1902−1977), architect. Mother - Olga Alekseevna Kedrova (1905−1990), lawyer. Children: Anna (born 1962), Ivan (born 1977), Georgy (born 1988).

Andrei Bitov’s first childhood memories are associated with the blockade winter of 1941/42. Then there was evacuation to the Urals, then a move to Tashkent, from which he began his “travels,” which have not stopped to this day. During my school years I became interested in mountaineering, and at the age of 16 I received the “USSR Mountaineer” badge. It was then that I discovered bodybuilding. His love for the mountains led him in 1957 to the Leningrad Mining Institute at the Faculty of Geological Exploration. Andrey Bitov began writing as a student. At the institute, he joined the literary association under the leadership of Gleb Semenov. Such famous poets as A. Kushner, A. Gorodnitsky, V. Britanishsky, G. Gorbovsky and others worked there.

In 1957, the collection of literary associations, which included the first works of A. Bitov, was burned in the courtyard of the institute in connection with the events in Hungary. At the same time, Bitov was expelled from the institute and ended up in the army, in a construction battalion in the North. In 1958, he managed to be demobilized and reinstated at the institute, from which he graduated in 1962. Then he began to write prose. The first stories were published in the anthology “Young Leningrad” in 1960. These stories were later included in the collection “Big Ball”, published in 1963 in Leningrad. Starting this year, Andrei Bitov becomes a professional writer. In 1965 he was admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR.

In 1965-1967, he studied at the Higher Screenwriting Courses at Goskino in Moscow. His fellow students were R. Gabriadze, V. Makanin, R. Ibragimbekov, G. Matevosyan.

1973−1974 were the years of postgraduate study at the Institute of World Literature (IMLI). The dissertation he wrote in the specialty “Literary Theory” was submitted for defense, but he did not defend it.

In 1967, the first book, “Dacha Locality,” was published in Moscow, followed by: “Apothecary Island” (1968), “Lessons of Armenia” (1969), “Lifestyle” (1972), “Days of Man” (1976), “ Seven Journeys" (1976). After the release of the novel “Pushkin House” in 1978 in the USA and participation in the compilation of the uncensored almanac “Metropol” in 1979, it was practically not published until M. S. Gorbachev came to power. In connection with perestroika, new times began. In 1986, Andrei Bitov’s books “Georgian Album”, “Man in a Landscape” and “Articles from a Novel” were published. In 1987, the novel “The Flying Monks” was published.

Andrei Bitov published two collections of poems: “Tree” and “On Thursday after the Rain” (St. Petersburg: Pushkin Foundation, 1997). A third book of poems is currently being prepared for publication. The author has an idea to write a play - the only genre he has not mastered is dramaturgy. A. Bitov's works were translated into almost all European languages.

Since 1978, the writer began to live in two cities - Moscow and Leningrad. He considers himself the record holder of this route. Since 1986, constant travel began: Moscow - Leningrad - abroad. In 1992-1993 in Berlin, the scientific board (“Wishenschafts Kolleg”) provided A. Bitov with the conditions to work on his favorite topic. Before him, among the Russians, such a right was granted to A. Schnittke and O. Ioseliani. During this time, A. Bitov completed “Empire in Four Dimensions”; it was published in Russia in 1996. "Empire..." follows the sequence of English-language publications: "Life in Windy Weather" (1986), "Pushkin House" (1987), "Captive of the Caucasus" (1988), "The Monkey Link" (1995). A. Bitov’s latest books: “The Catechumens” and “The Author’s First Book” (1996), “Thursday After the Rain” and “The New Gulliver” (1997), “The Inevitability of the Unwritten” (1998), “Tree” and “The Assumption of Living, 1836" (1999), "Subtraction of the Hare, 1825" (2001), the last book on English language- “Life Without Us” (1999).

Since the fall of 1986, Andrei Bitov became a “travelling” artist, gave lectures and readings in many countries, and participated in many conferences and symposiums. He taught Russian literature abroad, in particular in the USA: Weslyan University, Connecticut (Connecticut, 1988), NYU (New York University, 1995), Princeton (Princeton University, 1996).

Since 1988, A. Bitov participated in the creation of the Russian Pen Club, and since 1991 - its president. A. Bitov worked in cinema. In 1979, he wrote the script for the film “Thursday and Never Again” (directed by A. Efros), and in 1967 he co-wrote the script for the Soviet-Japanese film “Little Fugitive”. Once A. Bitov even starred in Sergei Solovyov’s film “Alien, White and Pockmarked.” In 1990 he became the first recipient of the Pushkin Prize in Germany. In 1992 he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the novel “The Flying Monks”.

In 1997 he again became a laureate State Prize Russian Federation and the Northern Palmyra Prize for the novel “The Catechumens” ( last novel, which concludes Empire in Four Dimensions). A. Bitov is a laureate of international awards: Andrei Bely in St. Petersburg (1990), Best Foreign Book of the Year (Paris, 1990) for the novel “Pushkin House”. A. Bitov - Chevalier of the French Order of Letters, co-president of the Nabokov Foundation in St. Petersburg, chairman of the commission on the inheritance of Andrei Platonov, member of the presidium of the Mandelstam Society.

A. Bitov is a laureate of awards from the magazines “Friendship of Peoples”, “New World”, “Foreign Literature”, “Star”, “Ogonyok”, etc. Since 1997, A. Bitov has been an Honorary Doctor of Yerevan state university and Honorary Citizen of the City of Yerevan. A. Bitov is vice-president of the international association “World of Culture” (president - Fazil Iskander). A. Bitov is vice-president of the European community of intellectuals “Gulliver” with its center in Amsterdam. He is a member of the jury of the Pushkin Prize in Hamburg, a member of the jury of the Triumph Prize, and a member of the committee for awarding the State Prize of the Russian Federation. In 1999 he was a member of the jury of the World Essay Competition in Weimar.

A. Bitov says that over time, a hobby becomes a profession. Love for cinema led to the profession of screenwriter and actor, love for books - to participation in the design of their own books, love for music - to the creation of Pushkin Jazz, where reading drafts of A. S. Pushkin is accompanied by jazz improvisation. In 1998-1999, Pushkin Jazz toured in New York, Berlin, St. Petersburg and Moscow. Dislike for monumental sculpture led to the idea of ​​“mini-monumentalism” (together with Rezo Gabriadze). As an example - a monument to Chizhik-Pyzhik in St. Petersburg, a Hare - in the village of Mikhailovskoye, etc. The very idea of ​​​​reuniting a profession with a hobby led to the creation in 1991 of the informal association "BaGaZh" (Bitov, Akhmadulina, Aleshkovsky, Zhvanetsky and those who joined him Yu. Rost, A. Velikanov, V. Tarasov, etc.). According to Andrei Bitov, his whole life is “a continuous journey that can no longer be called a hobby.”

Lives and works in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Bitov, Andrey Georgievich - writer, laureate of State Prizes of the Russian Federation. Born on May 27, 1937 in Leningrad. His father, G.L. Bitov, worked as an architect, and his mother, O.A. Kedrova, worked as a lawyer. Children: daughter Anna, sons Ivan and Georgy.

In connection with the blockade of 1941-42. The Bitov family was forced to move to the Urals, and then to Tashkent. Young Andrei Bitov was fond of mountaineering at school, and at the age of 16 he was awarded the “USSR Mountaineer” badge. In 1957, Bitov became a student at the geological exploration department of the Leningrad Mining Institute. At the same time, he became a member of the literary association headed by Gleb Semenov.

In 1957, the first works of A. Bitov were published in a collection of literary associations, which would later be burned due to the Hungarian events. Then Bitov will be expelled from the institute, and he will go to serve in the North in a construction battalion. A year later he returned from the army, was reinstated at the institute and graduated from school in 1962. In 1960, the first stories by A. Bitov were published on the pages of the anthology “Young Leningrad”, which would later be included in his collection “Big Ball” (1963). Since 1965, he has become a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR. During 1965-1967. A. Bitov attended the Higher Screenwriting Courses at Goskino in Moscow. In 1973−1974, as a graduate student at the Institute of World Literature, he wrote a dissertation on “The Theory of Literature,” but did not defend it.

During this time, several books by A. Bitov were published: “Dacha Area” (1967), “Apothecary Island” (1968), “Lessons of Armenia” (1969), “Way of Life” (1972), “Days of Man” (1976), "Seven Journeys" (1976). "The Pushkin House" (1978) received the title of Best Foreign Book of the Year in Paris in 1990. In 1986, several novels were published: “Georgian Album”, “Man in a Landscape”, “Articles from a Novel”. The novel “The Flying Monks” was published in 1987, for which the writer received the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1992).

Andrei Bitov wrote two collections of poems: “On Thursday after the rain” (1997) and “Tree” (1999). His works have been published in almost all European languages.

A. Bitov also published English-language works “Life in Windy Weather” (1986), “Pushkin House” (1987), “Captive of the Caucasus” (1988), “The Monkey Link” (1995), the continuation of which was published in 1996 already in Russia under the name “Empire in Four Dimensions”. Another book was written in English in 1999 - “Life Without Us”. In 1996, A. Bitov published the novel “The Catechumens”, which won the “Northern Palmyra” and the State Prize of the Russian Federation, and “The Author’s First Book”, in 1997 – “The New Gulliver”, in 1998 – “The Inevitability of the Unwritten”, in 1999 – “ Assumption to Live, 1836”, in 2001 – “Subtraction of the Hare, 1825”.

Born on May 27, 1937 in Leningrad. Hereditary Petersburger. Father - Georgy Leonidovich Bitov (1902-1977), architect. Mother - Olga Alekseevna Kedrova (1905-1990), lawyer. Children: Anna (born 1962), Ivan (born 1977), Georgy (born 1988).
Andrei Bitov’s first childhood memories are associated with the blockade winter of 1941/42. Then there was an evacuation to the Urals, then a move to Tashkent, from which he began his “travels,” which have not stopped to this day. During my school years I became interested in mountaineering, and at the age of 16 I received the “USSR Mountaineer” badge. It was then that I discovered bodybuilding. His love for the mountains led him in 1957 to the Leningrad Mining Institute at the Faculty of Geological Exploration. Andrey Bitov began writing as a student. At the institute, he joined the literary association under the leadership of Gleb Semenov. Such famous poets as A. Kushner, A. Gorodnitsky, V. Britanishsky, G. Gorbovsky and others worked there.
In 1957, the collection of literary associations, which included the first works of A. Bitov, was burned in the courtyard of the institute in connection with the events in Hungary. At the same time, Bitov was expelled from the institute and ended up in the army, in a construction battalion in the North. In 1958, he managed to be demobilized and reinstated at the institute, from which he graduated in 1962. Then he began to write prose. The first stories were published in the anthology “Young Leningrad” in 1960. These stories were later included in the collection “Big Ball”, published in 1963 in Leningrad. Starting this year, Andrei Bitov becomes a professional writer. In 1965 he was admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR.
In 1965-1967 he studied at the Higher Screenwriting Courses at Goskino in Moscow. His fellow students were R. Gabriadze, V. Makanin, R. Ibragimbekov, G. Matevosyan.
1973-1974 were the years of postgraduate study at the Institute of World Literature (IMLI). The dissertation he wrote in the specialty “theory of literature” was submitted for defense, but he did not defend it.
In 1967, the first book, “Dacha Locality,” was published in Moscow, followed by: “Apothecary Island” (1968), “Lessons of Armenia” (1969), “Lifestyle” (1972), “Days of Man” (1976), “ Seven Journeys" (1976). After the release of the novel “Pushkin House” in 1978 in the USA and participation in the compilation of the uncensored almanac “Metropol” in 1979, it was practically not published until M.S. came to power. Gorbachev. In connection with perestroika, new times began. In 1986, Andrei Bitov’s books “Georgian Album”, “Man in a Landscape” and “Articles from a Novel” were published. In 1987, the novel “The Flying Monks” was published.
Andrei Bitov published collections of poems “Tree” and “On Thursday after the Rain” (St. Petersburg: Pushkin Foundation, 1997). The author has an idea to write a play - the only genre he has not mastered is dramaturgy. A. Bitov's works were translated into almost all European languages.
Since 1978, the writer began to live in two cities - Moscow and Leningrad. He considers himself the record holder of this route. Since 1986, constant travel began: Moscow - Leningrad - abroad. In 1992-1993 in Berlin, the scientific board (“Wishenschafts Kolleg”) provided A. Bitov with the conditions to work on his favorite topic. Before him, among the Russians, such a right was granted to A. Schnittke and O. Ioseliani. During this time, A. Bitov completed “Empire in Four Dimensions”; it was published in Russia in 1996. "Empire..." follows the sequence of English-language publications: "Life in Windy Weather" (1986), "Pushkin House" (1987), "Captive of the Caucasus" (1988), "The Monkey Link" (1995). A. Bitov’s latest books: “The Catechumens” and “The Author’s First Book” (1996), “Thursday After the Rain” and “The New Gulliver” (1997), “The Inevitability of the Unwritten” (1998), “Tree” and “The Assumption of Living, 1836" (1999), "Subtraction of the Hare, 1825" (2001), the last book in English is "Life Without Us" (1999).
Since the fall of 1986, Andrei Bitov became a “travelling” artist, gave lectures and readings in many countries, and participated in many conferences and symposiums. He taught Russian literature abroad, in particular in the USA: Weslyan University, Connecticut (Connecticut, 1988), NYU (New York University, 1995), Princeton (Princeton University, 1996).
Since 1988, A. Bitov participated in the creation of the Russian Pen Club, and since 1991 he has been its president. A. Bitov worked in cinema. In 1979, he wrote the script for the film “Thursday and Never Again” (directed by A. Efros), and in 1967 he co-wrote the script for the Soviet-Japanese film “Little Fugitive”. Once A. Bitov even starred in Sergei Solovyov’s film “Alien, White and Pockmarked.” In 1990, he became the first recipient of the Pushkin Prize in Germany. In 1992 he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the novel “The Flying Monks”.
In 1997, he again became a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation and the Northern Palmyra Prize for the novel “The Catechumens” (the last novel that completes “Empire in Four Dimensions”). A. Bitov is a laureate of international awards: Andrei Bely in St. Petersburg (1990), Best Foreign Book of the Year (Paris, 1990) for the novel “Pushkin House”. A. Bitov - Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters (France), co-president of the Nabokov Foundation in St. Petersburg, chairman of the commission on the inheritance of Andrei Platonov, member of the presidium of the Mandelstam Society.
A. Bitov is a laureate of awards from the magazines “Friendship of Peoples”, “New World”, “Foreign Literature”, “Star”, “Ogonyok”, etc. Since 1997, A. Bitov has been an honorary doctor of Yerevan State University and an honorary citizen of the city of Yerevan. A. Bitov - vice-president of the international association "World of Culture" (president - Fazil Iskander), vice-president of the European community of intellectuals "Gulliver" centered in Amsterdam, member of the jury of the Pushkin Prize in Hamburg, member of the jury of the Triumph Prize, member of the committee for awarding the State Prize of the Russian Federation. In 1999 he was a member of the jury of the World Essay Competition in Weimar.
As for free time, A. Bitov says that over time, a hobby becomes a profession. Love for cinema led to the profession of screenwriter and actor, love for books led to participation in the design of my own books, love for music led to the creation of Pushkin Jazz, where reading drafts of A.S. Pushkin is accompanied by jazz improvisation. In 1998-1999, Pushkin Jazz toured in New York, Berlin, St. Petersburg and Moscow. Dislike for monumental sculpture led to the idea of ​​“mini-monumentalism” (together with Rezo Gabriadze). As an example - a monument to Chizhik-Pyzhik in St. Petersburg, a Hare - in the village of Mikhailovskoye, etc. The very idea of ​​​​reuniting a profession with a hobby led to the creation in 1991 of the informal association "BaGaZh" (Bitov, Akhmadulina, Aleshkovsky, Zhvanetsky and those who joined him Yu. Rost, A. Velikanov, V. Tarasov, etc.). According to Andrei Bitov, his whole life is “a continuous journey that can no longer be called a hobby.”
Lives and works in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Bibliography
1960 - three stories in the anthology “Young Leningrad”
1963 — “Big Ball”
1965 - “Such a long childhood”
1967 — “Dacha area”
1968 - “Apothecary Island”, “Journey to a Childhood Friend”
1972 — “Lifestyle”
1976 - “Seven Journeys”, “Days of Man”
1978 — “Pushkin House”
1980 — “Sunday Afternoon”
1985 - “Georgian Album”
1986 - “Articles from the novel”, “Book of Travels”
1988 - “Man in a Landscape”, “ The last story»
1989 - “Tales and Stories”, “Pushkin House”
1990 — “Flying Monks”
1991 - “We woke up in an unfamiliar country”, “Life in windy weather”, S/S in three volumes
1993 - “Waiting for the Monkeys”, “Subtraction of the Hare”
1995 — “Catechumens”
1996 — “The author’s first book,” “Empire in Four Dimensions”
1997 - “The New Gulliver”, “Thursday after the Rain”, “Notes of a Newbie”
1998 - “Justified Jealousy”, “The Inevitability of the Unwritten”, “Tree”
1999 — “The Doctor's Funeral”
2008 — “Symmetry Teacher”
Titles, awards and bonuses
1987 - Order of the Badge of Honor
1989 — Pushkin Prize of the A. Tepfer Foundation (Germany)
1990 - Prize for the best foreign book of the year (France), for the novel “Pushkin House” and Andrei Bely Prize (St. Petersburg)
1992 - State Prize Russian Federation for the novel "Flying Monks"
1993 - Order of Merit in Art and Literature (France)
1997 — State Prize of the Russian Federation and the Northern Palmyra Prize for the novel “The Catechumens”
1999 — Tsarskoye Selo Art Prize, Movses Khorenatsi Medal (Armenia)
Winner of awards from the magazines “Friendship of Peoples”, “New World”, “Foreign Literature”, “Star”, “Ogonyok”, etc.
Since 1997 - Honorary Doctor of Yerevan State University and Honorary Citizen of the city of Yerevan.
Film adaptations
"Flying Monks"
2008 Russia, 80 min.
dir. Alexander Dzyublo
Cast: Maxim Kostromykin, Olesya Kazaeva, Yuri Shibanov

Andrey Bitov
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Andrey Georgievich Bitov(born May 27, Leningrad) - Soviet and Russian writer. One of the founders of postmodernism in Russian literature. Honorary member of the Russian Academy of Arts.

Biography

Andrei Georgievich Bitov was born in Leningrad, on the Petrograd side. Father is an architect. Mother is a lawyer. Brother Oleg is a famous Soviet international journalist and translator. By his own admission, he is a fifth-generation Circassian by nationality. He started writing in 1956.

In 1992-1993 Berlin Scientific College provided Andrey Bitov with a scholarship.

Quote

Public position

In 2001, he signed a letter in defense of the NTV channel.

Bibliography

• Collected works in 3 volumes. M., Young Guard, 1991 (only the 1st volume was published).
• 1960 - three stories in the anthology “Young Leningrad”
• "Big Ball", L., Soviet writer, 1963
• “Such a long childhood”, Leningrad, Soviet writer, 1965
• “Dacha area”, M., Soviet Russia, 1967
• “Lessons of Armenia”, Yerevan, 1978
• “Aptekarsky Island”, Leningrad, Soviet writer, 1968
• “Journey to a childhood friend”, L., Children's literature, 1968
• “Lifestyle”, M., Young Guard, 1972
• “Seven Travels”, Leningrad, Soviet writer, 1976
• “Days of Man”, M., Young Guard, 1976
• “Sunday Day”, M., Soviet Russia, 1980
• “Georgian album”, Tb., Merani, 1985
• “Articles from the novel”, M., Soviet writer, 1986
• “Book of Travels”, M., Izvestia, 1986
• “Man in a Landscape”, M., Soviet writer, 1988
• “The Last Tale”, M., Pravda, 1988
• “Tales and Stories”, M., Soviet Russia, 1989
• “Pushkin House”, M., Sovremennik, 1989
• “Flying Monks”, M., Young Guard, 1990
• “We woke up in an unfamiliar country”, L., Soviet writer, 1991
• “Life in windy weather”, L., Fiction, 1991.
• 1993 - "Waiting for the Monkeys", "Subtraction of the Hare"
• “The Catechumens”, St. Petersburg, ed. I. Limbach, 1995
• “The author’s first book”, St. Petersburg, ed. I. Limbach, 1996
• "Empire in Four Dimensions", vol. 1-4., M., - Kharkov, 1996
• 1997 - “The New Gulliver”, “Thursday after the Rain”, “Notes of a Newbie”
• 1998 - “Justified Jealousy”, “The Inevitability of the Unwritten”, “Tree”
• 1999 - “Funeral of the Doctor”
• 2008 - “Symmetry Teacher”

Film scripts

Awards, bonuses, honorary titles

• 1989 - Pushkin Prize of the A. Tepfer Foundation (Germany)
• 1990 - award for the best foreign book of the year (France), for the novel “Pushkin House” and Andrei Bely Prize (St. Petersburg)
• 1992 - State Prize of the Russian Federation for the novel “The Flying Monk”
• 1993 - Order of Merit in Art and Literature (France)
• 1997 - State Prize of the Russian Federation and the Northern Palmyra Prize for the novel “The Catechumens”
• 1999 - Tsarskoye Selo Art Prize; Movses Khorenatsi medal (Armenia)
• 2014 - Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of culture for the collection of prose “Empire in Four Dimensions”
• 2015 - laureate of the Platonov Prize.
• Winner of awards from the magazines “Friendship of Peoples”, “New World”, “Foreign Literature”, “Star”, “Ogonyok” and others.
• Since 1997 - Honorary Doctor of Yerevan State University and Honorary Citizen of the city of Yerevan.
• Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Arts

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Notes

Literature

• Kazak V. Lexicon of Russian literature of the 20th century = Lexikon der russischen Literatur ab 1917 / [trans. with German]. - M. : RIC "Culture", 1996. - XVIII, 491, p. - 5000 copies.

- ISBN 5-8334-0019-8.

• Links
• in the library of Maxim Moshkov

in the "Magazine Hall"

Lua error in Module:External_links on line 245: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value). View this template Poetry Prose Humanities research Boris Groys (1978) Evgeny Shiffers (1979) Yuri Novikov (1980) Efim Barban (1981) Boris Ivanov (1983) Vladimir Erl (1986) Vladimir Malyavin (1988) Mikhail Epstein (1991) Andrey Krusanov (1997) Konstantin Mamaev (1998) Lev Rubinstein (1999) Igor Smirnov (2000) Valery Podoroga (2001) Vardan Hayrapetyan And Lena Szilard (2002) Vladimir Toporov (2003) Mikhail Yampolsky (2004) Boris Dubin (2005) Roman Timenchik (2006)

(2011) *posthumously

Excerpt characterizing Bitov, Andrey Georgievich
– It just so happened that we saw, but only the very end... It was so scary! – Stella immediately added.
I was afraid that the transition from his wondrous dreams to a terrible reality turned out to be too cruel, but “the word is not a bird, it flew out - you won’t catch it,” it was too late to change anything, and we could only wait to see if he wanted to answer. To my great surprise, his face lit up even more with happiness, and he very affectionately replied:
– Oh, she was a real angel!.. She had such wonderful blond hair!.. And her eyes... Blue and pure, like dew... Oh, what a pity that you didn’t see her, my dear Michelle! .
– Did you have another daughter? – Stella asked carefully.
Such a frightening, such terrible pain suddenly flashed in his eyes that only now I suddenly realized how much this unfortunate man had suffered!.. Perhaps unable to bear such brutal pain, he deliberately fenced himself off with a wall of their former happiness, trying to remember only bright past and “erase” from his memory all the horror of that last terrible day, as far as his wounded and weakened soul allowed him to do this...
We tried to find Michelle, but for some reason it didn’t work... Stella stared at me in surprise and quietly asked:
– Why can’t I find her, did she die here too?..
It seemed to me that something was simply preventing us from finding her on this “floor” and I suggested that Stella look “higher”. We slipped mentally onto Mental... and immediately saw her... She really was amazingly beautiful - light and pure, like a stream. And long golden hair scattered over her shoulders like a golden cloak... I have never seen such long and such beautiful hair! The girl was deeply thoughtful and sad, like many on the “floors”, who had lost their love, their relatives, or simply because they were alone...
- Hello, Michelle! – without wasting time, Stella immediately said. - And we have prepared a gift for you!
The woman smiled in surprise and asked tenderly:
-Who are you, girls?
But without answering her, Stella mentally called Arno...
I won’t be able to tell them what this meeting brought them... And there’s no need for that. Such happiness cannot be put into words - they will fade... It just wasn’t there, probably, at that moment happier people all over the world, and on all “floors”!.. And we sincerely rejoiced with them, not forgetting those to whom they owed their happiness... I think both little Maria and our kind Luminary would be very happy , seeing them now, and knowing that it was not in vain that they gave their lives for them...
Stella suddenly became alarmed and disappeared somewhere. I followed her too, since we had nothing else to do here...
-Where did you all disappear to? – Maya greeted us with a question, surprised, but very calmly. “We already thought you had left us for good.” And where is our new friend?.. Has he really disappeared too?.. We thought he would take us with him...
A problem arose... Where to put these unfortunate kids now - I didn’t have the slightest idea. Stella looked at me, thinking the same thing, and desperately trying to find some way out.
- I came up with it! – already just like the “old” Stella, she happily clapped her hands. “We will make them a joyful world in which they will exist.” And then, lo and behold, they will meet someone... Or someone good will take them away.
“Don’t you think we should introduce them to someone here?” – I asked, trying to “more reliably” accommodate lonely kids.
“No, I don’t think so,” the friend answered very seriously. – Think for yourself, not all dead babies receive this... And not all of them here probably have time to take care of them. So it's fair to the others if we just make them a really nice home here while they find someone. After all, it’s easier for the three of them. And others are alone... I was alone too, I remember...
And suddenly, apparently remembering that terrible time, she became confused and sad... and somehow unprotected. Wanting to immediately bring her back, I mentally brought down a waterfall of incredible fantastic flowers on her...
- Oh! – Stella laughed like a bell. - Well, what are you talking about!.. Stop it!
- Stop being sad! – I didn’t give up. - We see how much more we need to do, and you’re so limp. Well, let's go get the kids settled!..
And then, completely unexpectedly, Arno appeared again. We stared at him in surprise... afraid to ask. I even had time to think: had something terrible happened again?.. But he looked “overwhelmingly” happy, so I immediately discarded the stupid thought.
“What are you doing here?!..” Stella was sincerely surprised.
- Have you forgotten - I have to pick up the kids, I promised them.
-Where is Michelle? Why aren't you together?
- Well, why not together? Together, of course! I just promised... And she always loved children. So we decided to all stay together until a new life takes them.
- So this is wonderful! – Stella was happy. And then she jumped to something else. – You are very happy, aren’t you? Well, tell me, are you happy? She's so beautiful!!!..
Arno looked into our eyes for a long time and carefully, as if wanting to, but not daring to say anything. Then, finally, I decided...
- I can’t accept this happiness from you... It’s not mine... It’s wrong... I don’t deserve it yet.
“How can you not do this?!..” Stella literally soared. - How can you not - how can you!.. Just try to refuse!!! Just look how beautiful she is! And you say you can’t...
Arno smiled sadly, looking at the raging Stella. Then he hugged her affectionately and quietly, quietly said:
“You brought me unspeakable happiness, and I brought you such terrible pain... Forgive me, dear ones, if you ever can.” Sorry...
Stella smiled at him brightly and affectionately, as if wanting to show that she understood everything perfectly, and that she forgave him everything, and that it was not his fault at all. Arno just nodded sadly and, pointing to the quietly waiting children, asked:
– Can I take them “up there” with me, do you think?
“Unfortunately, no,” Stella answered sadly. “They can’t go there, they stay here.”
“Then we’ll stay too...” a gentle voice sounded. - We will stay with them.
We turned around in surprise - it was Michelle. “That’s all decided,” I thought contentedly. And again, someone voluntarily sacrificed something, and again simple human kindness won... I looked at Stella - the little girl was smiling. Everything was fine again.
- Well, will you walk with me a little more? – Stella asked hopefully.
I should have gone home a long time ago, but I knew that I would never leave her now and nodded my head affirmatively...

To be honest, I wasn’t in too much of a mood to go for a walk, since after everything that had happened, my condition was, let’s say, very, very “satisfactory... But I couldn’t leave Stella alone either, so it would be good for both of them, though If only we were “in the middle”, we decided not to go far, but just to relax our almost boiling brains a little, and give our pain-wracked hearts a rest, enjoying the peace and quiet of the mental floor...
We slowly floated in a gentle silvery haze, completely relaxing our twitchy nervous system, and plunging into the stunning, incomparable peace here... When suddenly Stella shouted enthusiastically:
- Wow! Just look, what kind of beauty is there!..
I looked around and immediately understood what she was talking about...
It really was extraordinarily beautiful!.. As if someone, while playing, had created a real sky-blue “crystal” kingdom!.. We looked in surprise at the incredibly huge, openwork ice flowers, dusted with light blue snowflakes; and the intertwining of sparkling ice trees, flashing with blue highlights at the slightest movement of the “crystal” foliage and reaching the height of our three-story house... And among all this incredible beauty, surrounded by flashes of real “northern lights”, a breathtakingly majestic ice palace proudly rose, the whole shining with the shimmer of unprecedented silvery blue shades...
What was it?! Who liked this cool color so much?..
So far, for some reason, no one showed up anywhere, and no one expressed any great desire to meet us... It was a little strange, since usually the owners of all these wonderful worlds were very hospitable and friendly, with the exception of only those who had just appeared on “ floor” (that is, they had just died) and were not yet ready to communicate with others, or simply preferred to experience something purely personal and difficult alone.

Date of Birth: 27.05.1937

Soviet, Russian writer, prose writer, poet, publicist, screenwriter. Despite the fact that Bitov's prose is relatively little known to the general public, his influence in literary circles is enormous. Bitov is considered one of the first Russian postmodernists.

Born in Leningrad, in the family of an architect. During the blockade, he was evacuated to the Urals, then to Tashkent. During my school years I became interested in mountaineering, and at the age of 16 I received the “USSR Mountaineer” badge. His love for the mountains led him in 1955 to the Leningrad Mining Institute at the Faculty of Geological Exploration. Andrey Bitov began writing as a student. At the institute, he joined the literary association under the leadership of Gleb Semenov. In 1957, the collection of literary associations, which included the first works of A. Bitov, was burned in the courtyard of the institute in connection with the events in Hungary. At the same time, Bitov was expelled from the institute and ended up in the army, in a construction battalion in the North. In 1958, he was demobilized and managed to reinstate himself at the institute, from which he graduated in 1962. Bitov’s first publication took place in 1960 - in the anthology “Young Leningrad” (the story “Grandma’s Bowl”). The first collection of stories, “The Big Ball” (1963), was condemned by official criticism in the newspaper Izvestia “for the excessive humiliation and confusion of the characters.” However, the writer was not banned, Bitov’s books continued to be published, in 1965 he joined the Union of Writers of the USSR, and in 1967 he graduated from the Higher Screenwriting Courses at the Union of Cinematographers of the USSR in Moscow. 1973–1974 were years of postgraduate study at the Institute of World Literature (IMLI), however Bitov never defended his dissertation. From 1960 to 1978, about ten books of Bitov’s prose were published. After the release of the novel “Pushkin House” in 1978 in the USA and participation in the compilation of the uncensored almanac “Metropol” in 1979, it was practically not published until M.S. came to power. Gorbachev. In 1986, Andrei Bitov’s books “Georgian Album”, “Man in a Landscape” and “Articles from a Novel” were published. In 1987, the novel “The Flying Monks” was published. Since 1986, Andrei Bitov became a “travelling” artist, gave lectures and readings in many countries, and participated in many conferences and symposiums. He taught Russian literature abroad, in particular in the USA: Weslyan University, Connecticut (Connecticut, 1988), NYU (New York University, 1995), Princeton (Princeton University, 1996). Since 1988, A. Bitov participated in the creation of the Russian Pen Club, and since 1991 he has been its president. In 1990, Bitov became the first laureate of the Pushkin Prize in Germany. In 1992, he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the novel “The Flying Monk”. Bitov is the creator of the so-called “Pushkin Jazz”, where reading drafts of A.S. Pushkin is accompanied by jazz improvisation. In 1998–1999, Pushkin Jazz toured in New York, Berlin, St. Petersburg and Moscow. Bitov, together with Rezo Gabriadze, created a number of sculptural works in the genre, which the writer himself calls “mini-monumentalism”: the monument to Chizhik-Pyzhik in St. Petersburg, the monument to the Hare in the village of Mikhailovskoye, etc. He was one of the founders in 1991 of the informal association “ BaGaZh" (Bitov, Akhmadulina, Aleshkovsky, Zhvanetsky and those who joined them, Yu. Rost, A. Velikanov, V. Tarasov, etc.). In addition to the Writers' Union, Bitov is the chairman of the literary commission. legacy of A. Platonov (since 1988), vice-president of the World of Culture association, chairman of the board of the Nabokov Foundation (since 1992). In addition, Bitov is a member of the Council of the F.M. Dostoevsky Society in the USSR (since 1990), the editorial boards of magazines and almanacs (since 1996 public council), “Solo”, “VL” (since 1989), “Reading Circle”, public council (1990-97), editor-publisher. Council of the almanac "Petropol", Board of Trustees of the magazine "Other Shores", jury of the "Triumph" Prize (since 1992), Commission on State. Prizes under the President of the Russian Federation (since 1997). Since 1997, A. Bitov is an honorary doctor of Yerevan State University and an honorary citizen of the city of Yerevan.

A. Bitov is considered the founder of Russian postmodernism, and “Pushkin House” is the first postmodern novel in the USSR.

Bitov’s approach to “writing” major works is unique. His books are gradually compiled from stories from various years and are constantly updated. Not a single one major work Bitov cannot be said to be “finished” and subsequent editions often differ from previous ones.

A. Bitov has a wonderful sense of humor and talent as a speaker. Some phrases from just one of his speeches:
- ... the writer is lonely and the reader is lonely. But someone, reading a book, ceases to be lonely for this time.
- In my opinion, he lost at roulette in order to write a novel. (about Dostoevsky)
- I feel like a person who doesn’t know how to write... I’m in complete panic about how this is even possible.
- I am sure that my books will outlive me. For fifty years.

In his book “Solo on Underwood” he describes an episode of Bitov’s fight with Voznesensky. At the comradely trial, Bitov (according to Dovlatov) said: “It was like this. I go to the Continental. Andrey Voznesensky is standing. Now answer,” exclaimed Bitov, “could I not have punched him in the face?!” Both “participants” in the incident subsequently denied the fact of the fight.

A. Bitov is the only writer twice awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation for works of art.

Writer's Awards

Orders and medals
Order of the Badge of Honor (1987)
Order of Merit in Art and Literature (France, 1993)
Medal of Movses Khorenatsi (Armenia, 1999)

Bibliography

Big Ball (1963)
Such a Long Childhood (1965)
Cottage area (1967)

Journey to a Childhood Friend (1968)
Lifestyle (1972)
Seven Journeys (1976)
Days of Man (1976)

Sunday Afternoon (1980)
Georgian album (1985)
Articles from the Novel (1986)
Book of Travels (1986)

The Last Tale (1988)