Kir Bulychev is the creator of popular works in the fantasy genre. Today, admirers of the venerable writer’s talent never cease to be amazed at his insight. Bulychev's books amaze with their breadth of views and foresight.

Childhood and youth

Kir Bulychev is a fictitious writer's pseudonym. Real name: Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko. The future writer was born on October 18, 1934 in Moscow. The boy’s father, Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko, came from a noble family; in his youth he left home and began to live independently.

Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva, the author’s mother, is an employee of a pencil factory. She was brought up in the family of an officer and before the events of 1917 she studied at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens. After the coup, she submitted documents to the Institute of Motor Transport.

Bulychev's parents got married in 1925. As soon as the boy turned five years old, the family broke up. Mom soon married the chemist Yakov Isaakovich Bokinin. Soon the boy was given a sister, Natalya. Yakov Isaakovich during the period terrible war went to the front and died in 1945.


In 1957, the young man received a diploma from the Moscow State Institute foreign languages and went to work as a translator in Burma. A couple of years later he returned to Moscow and began studying the culture of Eastern countries at the Academy of Sciences. After graduation, he remained at the Academy to teach the history of Burma.

The biography of Igor Vsevolodovich is famous for his success in science. He received his PhD in 1965 and his doctorate in 1981. historical sciences. He became famous among scientists for his works on history. South-East Asia.

Literature

In addition to working at the Academy, he wrote notes and other publications for the magazines “Around the World” and “Asia and Africa Today”. In 1961, Bulychev published a short story “Maung Jo will live.” This became the author's debut work on fiction. Four years later, he created a new story, “The Debt of Hospitality,” but in the fantasy genre. The creative work was released under the fictitious name of Maung Sein Ji.


However, in subsequent works the author was mentioned as Kirill Bulychev. In his work address, he combined his wife’s name with his mother’s maiden name. Bulychev used pseudonyms because writing could negatively affect his main work. At that time, this type of activity was considered a frivolous activity. The author's creations were loved by readers. Soon the stories and stories turned into separate books.


The publications brought success to Kir Bulychev, but readers were imbued with an unchanging love for adventure. The girl from Earth constantly got into trouble, but she overcame difficulties with the help of her wits and friends. Other heroes also appeared in books about the young researcher, but more often the girl traveled with her father Igor Seleznev and her father’s friend Gromozeka.

In 1985, he published a story from the series about Alice, “The Reserve of Fairy Tales.” In his work, the writer departed from the usual canons and sent the heroine not to an alien planet, but to fairy world. Films were made based on the plots of the books about the young girl.


In 1977, the film “Guest from the Future” was released on Soviet screens. The film, based on the story “One Hundred Years Ahead,” was a success. The girl was also portrayed on screen by Ekaterina Prizhbilyak. Igor Vsevolodovich wrote the final story about the adventures of the young space explorer in 2003. As a result, 52 works of writing were dedicated to the archaeologist’s daughter.

In 1982, the science fiction writer was awarded State Prize USSR for the scripts for the film “Through Thorns to the Stars” and the cartoon “The Secret of the Third Planet”. As a result, the real name of Kira Bulychev was revealed, but the literary critic was not fired from the institute.


A number of works about the “Great Guslyar” became the second most recognizable. The cycle includes humorous stories and stories about residents of the fictional city of Velikiy Guslyar. The town's characters have appeared in a large number of literary works. The peculiarity of the series was that the books did not provide main character. The introductory story was called “Personal Connections.” IN beginning of XXI century, Kir Bulychev made a statement that he ended the series because the plot had exhausted itself.

Books about Cosmoflot agent Andrei Bruce are popular. He became central character two works “Agent KF” and “Dungeon of Witches”. The second novel was filmed in 1989. played the role of Bruce.


The female character who remains one of the most recognizable is Cora Orvat, who works as an agent for the Intergalactic Police. In a sense, Cora is Alice in adulthood. In subsequent works there was an intersection of heroines.

The male character, Doctor Pavlysh, is the hero of a separate novel, “The Village.” He is the central character of eight books. Stories about secret exploration and fantasy heroes were also at the peak of popularity.


“Shadow Theater” is a trilogy - “View of the battle from above”, “Old Year”, “Operation Viper”. These are stories about people from a parallel dimension.

In the “River Chronos” series, the author addressed the topic of history. The main characters knew how to travel through time. They traveled to alternative eras to find out how Russian history would have developed differently. Burma became the prototype of the fictional country "Ligon", about which two stories were written.


The writer has a number of creations outside the series. He did not bypass the dramatic genre. At the request of director Andrei Rossinsky, he wrote plays staged at the Laboratory Theater. In 1997, Kir Bulychev received the prestigious Aelita award. Since 2002, he has been dedicated to the Knights of the Order of Fantasy. He was a member of the Creative Council of the science fiction magazine “Noon. XXI century" and "If".

Personal life

The literary critic’s family life was no less successful than his creative life. He was married to a fellow writer, Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya. The wife was good artist and drew images for the writer’s works.


In 1960, there was an addition to the family - a daughter was born, who was named Alice. The interplanetary naturalist was named in honor of the daughter of a writer. The young girl followed in her mother’s footsteps and graduated from architecture. Alice's son, Timofey, also showed interest in architecture and entered the Moscow Architectural Institute. The family's hobby is diving.

Death

Kir Bulychev passed away on September 5, 2003 in the capital of Russia. He fought a serious cancer disease for a long time and to no avail.

In 2004, Kir Bulychev posthumously became a laureate of the name and for the series of essays “Stepdaughter of the Epoch” in the category “Criticism and Journalism”.


Since 2004, a writing prize named after Kir Bulychev has been established. An important criterion for receiving the award is the high level of humanity in the book. The award is made in the shape of a typewriter, symbolizing the work of writing.

Bibliography

  • 1961 - "Maung Jo will live"
  • 1965 - “The Girl to Whom Nothing Happens”
  • 1965 - "The Debt of Hospitality"
  • 1967 - "When did the dinosaurs go extinct?"
  • 1968 - "The Sword of General Bandula"
  • 1971 - "Martian Potion"
  • 1972 - "The Great Spirit and the Runaways"
  • 1974 - "Alice's Birthday"
  • 1975 - "Law for the Dragon"
  • 1976 - "Foreign Princess"
  • 1977 - "We Need a Free Planet"
  • 1978 - “One Hundred Years Ahead”
  • 1979 - "Starship in the Forest"
  • 1998 - "The Future Begins Today"
  • 2000 - "Genius and Villainy"

Has different associations. It was only in the second half of the sixties in the USSR that girls began to be named this way in honor of a book heroine. And this was not Lewis Carroll's Alice at all. Alisa Selezneva from the series was so popular fantastic works, which was created by the wonderful Soviet writer Kir Bulychev.

Biography of the writer in his childhood

The real name of the beloved science fiction writer is Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko. He took the pseudonym Kir Bulychev out of fear that he might be fired from his job, since there the pursuit of literature, especially fiction, was not considered worthy.

He was born in Moscow one October day in 1934. The guy's father belonged to an old Belarusian-Lithuanian noble family. However, in his youth he broke off relations with him and began to live by his own labor. In 1925 he married a pencil factory worker, Maria Bulycheva.

When young Igor was barely five years old, his father left the family, and his mother married for the second time. Thanks to this marriage, the writer had a sister, Natasha.

Study and creativity

After graduating from school, Kir Bulychev began studying foreign languages ​​at the Maurice Thorez Institute. After graduation, he worked for several years as a translator in Burma. Later returned to hometown and began to study oriental studies in graduate school at the Institute of the Academy of Sciences. After graduation, he remained there as a teacher of Burmese history.

In subsequent years, the biography of Kir Bulychev was marked by scientific achievements: he defended his candidate's dissertation, and a little later his doctoral dissertation. In addition, while working at the institute, Bulychev wrote many scientific works about Southeast Asia, in particular about Burma.

In addition to work, in his free time, Kir Bulychev published various notes and essays for such eminent publications as “Around the World” and “Asia and Africa Today”.

First a work of art Bulychev's story "Maung Jo Will Live" was published in 1961. However, the author took up writing science fiction only four years later, and his “firstborn” was the short story “The Debt of Hospitality.”

Quite soon, the works of Igor Mozheiko, writing under the pseudonym Kir Bulychev, began to enjoy the love of readers. A little later, his stories and novellas began to be published as separate books.

In 1977, his story “One Hundred Years Ahead” was filmed. The serial film based on it was called “Guest from the Future.” Thanks to her, the entire USSR met the inquisitive schoolgirl Alisa Selezneva, who lives in the second half of the 21st century.

After the incredible success of the film adaptation, the biography of Kir Bulychev was not particularly filled with bright events. As before, he continued to write a lot, and his works were liked by readers. Quite often he adapted his stories and novellas into film scripts. By the way, about twenty of Bulychev’s works have been filmed.

In addition to successful creative career, the personal life of a writer named Kir Bulychev turned out just great. His wife was his colleague, writer Kira Soshinskaya, who became an illustrator of Bulychev’s works. From this union a daughter, Alice, was born, after whom the famous heroine was named.

With the advent of the difficult nineties, the writer remained popular, and his work remained interesting to readers. In addition, in those difficult years, the biography of Kir Bulychev was enriched by one remarkable fact: he saved the magazine “If” from closure.

At the beginning of the 2000s, the writer was diagnosed with cancer, due to which he died in the fall of 2003.

The biography of Kir Bulychev may not be filled with bright events, like Alisa Sezezneva’s, but he received many well-deserved prestigious awards and prizes. Among them are the USSR State Prize, the All-Russian Aelita Prize, the Order of the Knights of Science Fiction named after. I. Khalymbadzhi" and Russian literary prize whose name he was awarded posthumously in 2004.

A series of works about Alisa Selezneva

Despite the fact that the writer’s works amount to almost twenty volumes, the greatest popularity of Kira Bulychev was brought by a series of short stories and stories about Alisa Selezneva, named after the author’s own daughter.

In total, he dedicated 52 works to his beloved heroine. In them she traveled to other planets, found herself in the past, a parallel fairy-tale dimension, and much more. Throughout her literary “life,” Selezneva often met with a wide variety of people and creatures from other planets and eras. However, most often the participants in the girl’s adventures were her father, Professor Igor Seleznev (named after the writer himself), as well as the four-armed archaeologist Gromozeka from an alien planet.

Some stories featured the girl's friends and classmates.

This heroine first appeared in 1965 on the pages of the story “The Girl to Whom Nothing Will Happen.” She soon gained popularity, especially after the release of films and cartoons. On the screen, Alisa Selezneva was embodied by such actresses as Natalya Guseva (“Guest from the Future”, “The Purple Ball”), Ekaterina Prizhbilyak (“Island of the Rusty General”), Daria Melnikova (the film was never made, but the girl voiced the heroine in the animated series “Alice knows what to do”) and other Polish and Slovak actresses.

A series of works about residents of the city of Velikiy Guslyar

Another famous series by Kir Bulychev was the cycle humorous works about the life of the inhabitants of the town of Veliky Guslyar (prototype - Veliky Ustyug). The writer dedicated more than a hundred novels and short stories to this fictional town.

There are no main characters in this series, although many characters appear in several works at once. The first story in this series was “Personal Connections.”
At the beginning of the two thousandth, Kir Bulychev officially announced the end of the cycle, justifying his action by the fact that the idea had outlived itself and was no longer interesting to him. Kir Bulychev himself divided all the written works from “The Great Guslyar” into six parts, grouping them into collections.

Based on the cycle, several cartoons, two short films and one television film “Chance” were shot.

Other works of the writer

In addition to these two cycles, in creative heritage Bulychev has many individual works, as well as small series of two to ten novels. The most popular of them are three cycles.

1) Novels about Andrei Bruce - a brave agent from the Cosmoflot ("Agent of the Cosmoflot" and "Dungeon of Witches"). A film of the same name was made based on the second novel.

2) Another hero who appeared in many of Bulychev’s works is Doctor Pavlysh. One novel, “Country Road,” and eight other, less voluminous works are dedicated to him.

3) The heroine of many other works by Kira Bulychev, Cora Orvat, is a kind of matured version of Alisa Selezneva. However, she is instead interested in solving crimes. It is noteworthy that in some works she overlaps with Alice.

In order not to lose his job at the institute, Igor Mozheiko initially took the pseudonym Kirill Bulychev. But during publications this pseudonym was often abbreviated as Cyrus. Bulychev. After some time, due to a typo, the dot disappeared, and the resulting name suited the writer.

The surname for the pseudonym was taken by Igor Vsevolodovich from his mother: her maiden name was Maria Bulycheva. And Kir is the male version of the name of the writer’s wife, Kira Soshinskaya.

It is noteworthy that for a long time most readers did not even suspect who was hiding behind the name Kir Bulychev. Only in 1982 the secret was revealed, as the writer was awarded the USSR State Prize.

With superior knowledge in English, Kir Bulychev was involved in translations of many fantastic works into Russian famous writers from USA.

Unlike him literary heroes, the biography of Kira Bulychev for children and adults does not contain many bright or interesting events. Moreover, young readers may find it quite boring. However, all this was more than compensated for by the irrepressible imagination of the author, who managed to create the whole world, described in several hundred wonderful works. And if we paraphrase the words of the classic, we can say that with his work, Kir Bulychev erected a miraculous monument to himself in the hearts of many generations of readers.

Kir Bulychev - famous Soviet and Russian writer, which any schoolchild knew about last decades XX century. It was his stories about the adventures of a resilient girl that the whole country read. And modern schoolchildren do not forget about this author. It is possible that this is the only heroine, especially for a Soviet schoolchild, who grew up with him over these decades.

It is the fantastic works of Kir Bulychev that are in demand by filmmakers, not only for children, but also for adult audiences. As the author of novels and stories for adults, Kir Bulychev created a much larger and more diverse picture of actions. He came up with several cycles of works where the main characters are the same people (for children this is Alisa Selezneva, her family and friends), and for adults these are the residents of Velikiy Guslyar and Verevkin, Cosmoflot agent Andrei Bruce, Doctor Pavlysh, Cora Orvat (InterGalactic Police). He has more than 100 written individual stories and novellas; he also translated stories by American science fiction writers, was a playwright and wrote screenplays.

And yet, few people know that the real name of the science fiction writer beloved by many readers is Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko, and he had several pseudonyms. He published some of his original works under his real name, and this applies to a greater extent to real scientific work, popular science stories and historical essays.

Not everyone was interested in what the author does besides science fiction. Igor Mozheiko worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies, was an oriental historian (specialized in Burma). He wrote scientific articles, published his works on history, literary criticism, and wrote poetry. He created a series of works on alternative history, which he could not complete, but considered it one of the most important and worthy of attention from readers.

Kir Bulychev published fantastic novels and short stories under various pseudonyms. The thing is that while working at the Institute of Oriental Studies, the author feared a negative reaction from the Institute’s management to the publication of “frivolous” works. Ironically, it was they who brought Bulychev all-Union and then worldwide fame.

The first science fiction story, called "The Debt of Hospitality", was published in 1965. The author passed it off as a translation from the Burmese language of a short story by the writer Maung Sein Ji. His other works were also published under this pseudonym. And subsequently he wrote all his fantastic works under pseudonyms.

Most of the writer’s works were published under the fictitious names “Kirill Bulychev”, or for short “Kir. Bulychev”, and subsequently the dot disappeared. As often happens among creative people, the mother's surname often becomes a pseudonym. It was this technique that the talented historian used. Igor Mozheiko made up his famous pseudonym from the name of his wife, Kira Soshinskaya, and the maiden name of the science fiction writer’s mother, Maria Bulycheva.

For almost 20 years, the author hid his real name, even the first film adaptation in 1976 based on his story “The Ability to Throw a Ball” did not reveal this secret - Kirill Bulychev was listed in the credits. Only in 1982, when Kir Bulychev was awarded the State Prize for the script for the animated film “The Secret of the Third Planet” and the film “Through Thorns to the Stars”, the writer finally decided to reveal his real name. Of course, in such a situation, no sanctions came from the management of the scientific institution where Igor Vsevolodovich worked.

Many other readers know Kir Bulychev under other pseudonyms - Nikolai Lozhkin, Igor Vsevolodovich Vsevolodov, Lev Khristoforovich Mints. But it still turns out that this wonderful man lived at least two most interesting lives: one of them is the life of the historian and orientalist Igor Mozheiko, the other is the life of science fiction writer Kir Bulychev, full of adventures and unusual plots.

  • Kir Bulychev (real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko) was born on October 18, 1934 in Moscow.
  • 1952 - Bulychev graduates from high school and enters Moscow state institute foreign languages Maurice Thorez.
  • 1957 - receives a diploma, after which Mozheiko goes to Burma to work as a translator and correspondent for the APN (News Agency for the Press of Mass Public Organizations) in construction.
  • 1959 – return to Moscow. Mozheiko entered graduate school at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. At the same time, he began collaborating with the magazines “Around the World” and “Asia and Africa Today”, writing popular science articles.
  • 1961 – the writer’s first story, “Maung Jo Will Live,” was written and published.
  • 1962 - completion of graduate school, after which Mozheiko went to the Institute of Oriental Studies and worked there, specializing in the history of Burma. He has written many articles in this area, so he is known in the scientific community not only for science fiction novels.
  • 1965 – defense of a candidate’s dissertation on the topic “Pagan State of the 11th – 13th centuries.”
  • The same year, the hoax story “The Debt of Hospitality” was written. The author was listed as “Burmese novelist Maung Sein Ji,” and the story itself was presented as a translation. At the same time, a selection of short stories “The Girl to Whom Nothing Happens” was written. Prototype main character Alisa Selezneva became the writer's little daughter.
  • The pseudonym “Kir Bulychev” was created because the writer was not sure that the management of his main place of work (the Institute of Oriental Studies) would adequately treat fiction. Bulycheva is the maiden name of the writer’s mother. The name Kirill was first written in full, then shortened to “Kir.”, and later the period was removed.
  • Tales and stories about Alisa Selezneva were written in general for almost a quarter of a century. The writer's daughter grew up and had her own children, but the demand for books about Alice did not decrease. Many works were filmed and feature films and cartoons were made based on them. However, these books for children and teenagers were not the only ones written by Kir Bulychev, and Alice was not his only heroine.
  • 1972 - Bulychev publishes a collection of stories “Miracles in Guslyar”.
  • 1974 - a new collection of stories about Alisa Selezneva, “The Girl from the Earth,” is published.
  • In addition to “serial” plots united by characters (like Alice) or places of events (like Guslyar), Bulychev also wrote small, isolated science fiction stories. They are published in the collections “People as People” (1975), “Summer Morning” (1979), “The Pass” (1983), “The Kidnapping of a Sorcerer” (1989), “Coral Castle” (1990).
  • 1978 - a number of new stories about Alice were written, collectively entitled “One Hundred Years Ahead.”
  • 1981 - Bulychev defends his doctoral dissertation on the topic “The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma.”
  • 1982 - Bulychev was awarded the USSR State Prize for the scripts for the film “Through Thorns to the Stars” and the cartoon “The Secret of the Third Planet.” Only after this was the pseudonym revealed. Bulychev did not lose his job.
  • The same year the book “A Million Adventures” was published.
  • 1984 – the book “Girl from the Future” was published.
  • 1985 – the book “Fidget” is published.
  • 1987 – 1990 – several collections from the “Guslyar” cycle (“The Great Guslyar”, “Deeply respected microbe, or the Guslyar in space”, “Martian potion. The most complete chronicle of the Great Guslyar”) are published in succession.
  • 1988 - a new collection of stories about Alisa Selezneva and her friends, “Prisoners of the Asteroid,” was written.
  • 1989 - the “guslar” story “Perpendicular World” is published.
  • 1990 - “The New Adventures of Alice” was written.
  • 1997 - Bulychev becomes the winner of the Aelita science fiction prize.
  • September 5, 2003 – Kir Bulychev dies in Moscow. He was buried at the Miusskoe cemetery.
  • 2004 - for the series of essays “The Stepdaughter of the Epoch,” the writer was posthumously awarded the sixth international prize for fantastic literature named after Arkady and Boris Strugatsky in the category “Criticism and Journalism.”
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Pseudonym - Kir Bulychev.

Real name is Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko. Born on October 18, 1934 in Moscow, died on September 5, 2003. Soviet science fiction writer, orientalist, falerist, screenwriter. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1982).

Nickname formed from the name of his wife Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya and the maiden name of the writer’s mother, Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva.

Initially pseudonym Igor Vsevolodovich was “Kirill Bulychev”. Subsequently, the name “Kirill” on the covers of books began to be written in abbreviation - “Kir.”, and then they shortened the period, and that’s how it turned out. The combination Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev also occurred. The writer kept his real name secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious activity, and was afraid that after disclosure pseudonym will be fired.

In addition to the main pseudonym, Igor Vsevolodovich used several more: Igor Vsevolodovich Vsevolodov, Nikolai Lozhkin, Lev Mints.

And the very first work of fiction, the story “The Debt of Hospitality,” was published as “a translation of a story by the Burmese writer Maung Sein Ji.” Bulychev subsequently used this name several more times.

It is interesting that few people could call him by his patronymic, and if someone on the street wanted to talk to the writer, they usually addressed him as Kir-Kirych.

Igor Vsevolodovich was born into the family of Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko and Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva.

Father, Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko, came from the Belarusian-Lithuanian gentry Mozheiko of the Truba coat of arms.

Her mother was the daughter of an officer, Colonel Mikhail Bulychev, a fencing teacher in the First Cadet Corps, and before the revolution she studied at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens.

In the 1930s, Vsevolod Nikolaevich left his family. Stepfather, Yakov Isaakovich Bokinnik, a chemist, died at the front in 1945.

After graduating from school, Igor, according to the Komsomol order, entered the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Languages ​​named after Maurice Thorez, from which he graduated in 1957. For two years he worked in Burma as a translator and correspondent for the APN, in 1959 he returned to Moscow and entered graduate school at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He wrote historical and geographical essays for the magazines “Around the World” and “Asia and Africa Today”.

He graduated from graduate school in 1962, and since 1963 he worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies, specializing in the history of Burma. In 1965 he defended his PhD thesis on the topic “Pagan State (XI-XIII centuries)”, in 1981 - his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma”. He is known in the scientific community for his works on the history of Southeast Asia.

Several dozen books have been published, the total number of published works is hundreds. In addition to writing his own works, he was involved in translating science fiction works of American writers into Russian.

More than twenty works have been filmed, in particular, based on the story “One Hundred Years Ahead” (1977), the five-part film “Guest from the Future” was made - one of the most popular children's films in the USSR in the mid-1980s. In 1982, he won the USSR State Prize for the scripts for the feature film “Through Hardships to the Stars” and the full-length cartoon “The Secret of the Third Planet.” When presenting the State Prize, it was revealed pseudonym, however, the expected dismissal did not take place.

He also acted as an editor in the science fiction magazines “Noon. XXI century" and "If".

Winner of the Aelita Science Fiction Prize (1997). Knight of the Order of the Knights of Fantasy (2002).

His wife is a science fiction writer, an artist, an illustrator of his books, a translator, an architect by training, a daughter, Alisa Lyutomskaya (Mozheiko) (born 1960), an architect, Alisa Seleznyova was named in her honor, and a grandson, Timofey, a student at the Moscow Architectural Institute.