Joseph Haydn

(1732-1809), Austrian composer.


The beginning of a creative journey


  • From 1753 to 1756, Haydn worked as an accompanist for Porpora and at the same time studied the basics of composition. In 1759, he received the position of conductor of the chapel from the Czech Count Morcin. At the same time, he wrote his first symphony, which was a great success and won him the sympathy of Prince Esterhazy, who offered Haydn the position of conductor in his orchestra.
  • The musician accepted this offer in 1761 and served with the prince for 30 years.


  • In addition to symphonies, the composer wrote 22 operas, 19 masses, 83 string quartets, 44 piano sonatas and many other works.
  • In area instrumental music Haydn is considered one of the greatest composers of the turn of the 18th-19th centuries.


  • In 1781, while staying in Vienna, Haydn met and became friends with Mozart.
  • Mozart considered Haydn a spiritual teacher

Vein. Monument to Haydn

  • The composer died in Vienna on May 31, 1809.
  • Vein. There is a church on the shopping street Mariahilferstrasse itself.
  • And in front of the church is a monument to Haydn.

  • Haydn’s own house stands inside the block, in an alley that was once called Steingasse, and is now proudly called Haydngasse (“gasse” means “alley”).
  • At the end of the 18th century it was a suburb of Vienna - Gumpendorf, and life here was even quieter than now.
  • The little gray house marked with flags is Haydn’s house, bought by him with honest earnings from the princes of Esterhazy.

  • 104 symphonies,
  • 83 string quartets,
  • 52 keyboard sonatas,
  • 24 operas,
  • 14 masses,
  • several oratorios

Manchuk Anastasia

First course

School of Music

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Franz Joseph Haydn(1732 – 1809) great Austrian composer, representative of the Vienna Classical School, one of the founders of the symphony and string quartet.

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Lower Austria - Haydn's birthplace Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never called himself by the name Franz) was born on March 31, 1732 in the Lower Austrian village of Rohrau in the family of Matthias Haydn (1699-1763).

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His parents were seriously interested in singing and playing music. They discovered musical abilities in their son. At the age of 5 he arrived with relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Donau. There Joseph began to study choral singing and music. Hainburg an der Donau

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When Joseph was 7 years old, Kapellmeister von Reuther, driving through Hainburg, accidentally heard his voice. He took the boy with him and placed him in the chapel of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. There Haydn studied singing, playing the harpsichord and violin. 17th century French harpsichord Study in Vienna

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Youth Until the age of 18, he performed soprano roles with great success, not only in the cathedral, but also at court. He took part in the funeral service for Antonio Vivaldi in 1741. At the age of 17, Josef’s voice began to break and he was kicked out of the choir.

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During a difficult decade, Haydn filled the gaps in his musical education. He studied the theory of composition diligently. He wrote sonatas for harpsichord. His first major works were two brevis masses, F-dur and G-dur, the opera “The Lame Demon” (not preserved); about a dozen quartets (1755), the first symphony (1759).

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Haydn conducting a string quartet In 1759, the composer received the position of conductor at the court of Count Karl von Morzin. The composer composed his first symphonies for his orchestra. Haydn is one of the founders of the symphony and the string quartet.

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Service at Esterhazy. Friendship with Mozart In 1761 he became the second bandmaster at the court of the Esterhazy princes, the most influential and powerful aristocratic families in Austria. The duties of the bandmaster included composing music, leading the orchestra, playing chamber music for the patron and staging operas. During his 30-year career at the Esterhazy court, the composer composed a large number of works, and his fame is growing. In 1781, while staying in Vienna, Haydn met and became friends with Mozart. (1756-1791)

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Freelance musician again. Getting to know Beethoven. In 1790, Prince Nikolai Esterhazy died, and his son, not being a music lover, disbanded the orchestra. In 1791, Haydn received a contract to work in England. Subsequently he worked extensively in Austria and Great Britain. Two trips to London, where he wrote his best symphonies for Solomon's concerts, further strengthened Haydn's fame. While passing through Bonn in 1792, he met the young Beethoven and took him on as a student. (1770-1827)

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"The Creation of the World" Haydn tried his hand at all types of musical composition. In the field of instrumental music, he is considered one of the largest composers of the second half of the 18th and early XIX centuries. Haydn's greatness as a composer was most evident in his two final works: the great oratorios “The Creation of the World” (1798) and “The Seasons” (1801).

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"The Seasons" (1801). The oratorio "The Seasons" can serve as an exemplary standard of musical classicism. Work on oratorios undermined the composer's strength. His last works were “Harmoniemesse” (1802) and the unfinished string quartet op. 103 (1802). The last sketches date back to 1806; after this date, Haydn did not write anything else.

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When in 1803, due to nervous exhaustion, he stopped writing music and very rarely appeared in public, he ordered business cards to be made with a quote from his song “The Old Man”: “All my strength has dried up; I am old and weak” ... - Joseph Haydn. Business card old Haydn

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732 – 1809) great Austrian
composer,
representative of the Vienna
classical school,
one of the founders
symphony and string quartet.

Lower Austria - Haydn's birthplace

Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never called himself by the name Franz)
born March 31, 1732
in the Lower Austrian village of Rohrau in the family of Matthias Haydn (1699-1763).

Hainburg an der Donau

His parents were seriously interested in singing and playing music.
They discovered musical abilities in their son.
At the age of 5 he arrived with relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Donau.
There Joseph began to study choral singing and music.

Study in Vienna

When Joseph was 7 years old, Kapellmeister von Reuter,
While driving through Hainburg, I accidentally heard his voice.
He took the boy with him and assigned him to the chapel of the cathedral
Saint Stephen in Vienna.
There Haydn studied singing, playing the harpsichord and violin.
French
harpsichord
17th century

Youth

Until the age of 18 he had great success
performed soprano parts, and not
only in the cathedral, but also at court.
Took part in the funeral service
Antonio Vivaldi in 1741.
At the age of 17, Josef began to have breakdowns.
voice, and he was kicked out of the choir.

A difficult decade

Haydn filled in the gaps in his musical education.
He studied the theory of composition diligently.
He wrote sonatas for harpsichord.
His first major works were
two brevis masses, F-dur and G-dur,
opera “The Lame Demon” (not preserved);
about a dozen quartets (1755),
first symphony (1759).

Haydn conducting a string quartet

In 1759, the composer received the position of bandmaster
at the court of Count Karl von Morzin.
For his orchestra, the composer composed his first
symphonies.
Haydn - one of the founders of the symphony and string music
quartet.

Service at Esterhazy. Friendship with Mozart

(1756-1791)
In 1761 he became the second bandmaster at
court of the Esterhazy princes, the most influential and
powerful aristocratic families
Austria.
The duties of the bandmaster included
composing music,
orchestra management,
chamber music playing in front of a patron
and staging operas.
During a 30-year career at the Esterhazy court
the composer composed a large number
works, his fame is growing. In 1781
year during his stay in Vienna Haydn
met and became friends with Mozart.

Freelance musician again. Getting to know Beethoven.

In 1790, Prince Nikolai Esterhazy died, and
his son, not being a music lover,
disbanded the orchestra.
In 1791, Haydn received a contract for
work in England.
Subsequently he worked a lot in Austria and
Great Britain.
Two trips to London, where he is for concerts
Solomon wrote his best symphonies,
further strengthened Haydn's fame.
Passing through Bonn in 1792, he
met young Beethoven and took him
to students.
(1770-1827)

"World creation"

Haydn tried his hand at all kinds of musical
essays. In the field of instrumental music he is considered
one of the largest composers of the second half of the 18th and
beginning of the 19th century. Haydn's greatness as a composer
maximum manifested itself in his two final works:
large oratorios - “The Creation of the World” (1798) and “Times
of the year" (1801).

"The Seasons" (1801).

Oratorio "The Seasons"
serve as an exemplary standard
musical classicism.
Work on oratorios undermined
the strength of the composer.
His latest works
steel "Harmoniemesse" (1802) and
unfinished string quartet
op. 103 (1802).
The latest sketches refer to
1806, after this date Haydn
I didn’t write anything anymore.

The calling card of the old Haydn

When in 1803, due to nervous exhaustion, he stopped
write music and very rarely appeared in public, he ordered
make business cards with a quote from your song
“Old Man”: “All my strength has dried up; I am old and weak”... Joseph Haydn.

Vein. Monument to Haydn

The composer has died
in Vienna on May 31, 1809.
Vein. On the most
shopping street
Mariahilferstrasse
there is a church. And before
church - monument
Haydn.

Vein. Haydn's house

Haydn's own house stands
inside the block, in an alley that
was once called Steingasse, and
is now proudly called Haydngasse
(“gasse” means “alley”). At the end
In the 18th century it was the Vienna suburb of Gumpendorf, and there was still life here
quieter than now. Gray
a house marked with flags is
there is Haydn's house, which he bought for
honest earnings from the princes of Esterhazy.

Haydn's creative heritage

104 symphonies,
83 string quartets,
52 keyboard sonatas,
24 operas,
14 masses,
several oratorios

Slide 1

Slide 2

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732 - 1809) great Austrian composer, representative of the Vienna Classical School, one of the founders of the symphony and string quartet.

Slide 3

Lower Austria - Haydn's birthplace Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never called himself by the name Franz) was born on March 31, 1732 in the Lower Austrian village of Rohrau in the family of Matthias Haydn (1699-1763).

Slide 4

His parents were seriously interested in singing and playing music. They discovered musical abilities in their son. At the age of 5 he arrived with relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Donau. There Joseph began to study choral singing and music. Hainburg an der Donau

Slide 5

When Joseph was 7 years old, Kapellmeister von Reuther, driving through Hainburg, accidentally heard his voice. He took the boy with him and placed him in the chapel of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. There Haydn studied singing, playing the harpsichord and violin. 17th century French harpsichord Study in Vienna

Slide 6

Youth Until the age of 18, he performed soprano roles with great success, not only in the cathedral, but also at court. He took part in the funeral service for Antonio Vivaldi in 1741. At the age of 17, Josef’s voice began to break and he was kicked out of the choir.

Slide 7

During a difficult decade, Haydn filled the gaps in his musical education. He studied the theory of composition diligently. He wrote sonatas for harpsichord. His first major works were two brevis masses, F-dur and G-dur, the opera “The Lame Demon” (not preserved); about a dozen quartets (1755), the first symphony (1759).

Slide 8

Haydn conducting a string quartet In 1759, the composer received the position of conductor at the court of Count Karl von Morzin. The composer composed his first symphonies for his orchestra. Haydn is one of the founders of the symphony and the string quartet.

Slide 9

Service at Esterhazy. Friendship with Mozart In 1761 he became the second bandmaster at the court of the Esterhazy princes, the most influential and powerful aristocratic families in Austria. The duties of the bandmaster included composing music, leading the orchestra, playing chamber music for the patron and staging operas. During his 30-year career at the Esterhazy court, the composer composed a large number of works, and his fame is growing. In 1781, while staying in Vienna, Haydn met and became friends with Mozart. (1756-1791)

Slide 10

Freelance musician again. Getting to know Beethoven. In 1790, Prince Nikolai Esterhazy died, and his son, not being a music lover, disbanded the orchestra. In 1791, Haydn received a contract to work in England. Subsequently he worked extensively in Austria and Great Britain. Two trips to London, where he wrote his best symphonies for Solomon's concerts, further strengthened Haydn's fame. While passing through Bonn in 1792, he met the young Beethoven and took him on as a student. (1770-1827)

Slide 11

"The Creation of the World" Haydn tried his hand at all types of musical composition. In the field of instrumental music, he is considered one of the greatest composers of the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Haydn's greatness as a composer was most evident in his two final works: the great oratorios “The Creation of the World” (1798) and “The Seasons” (1801).

Slide 12

"The Seasons" (1801). The oratorio "The Seasons" can serve as an exemplary standard of musical classicism. Work on oratorios undermined the composer's strength. His last works were “Harmoniemesse” (1802) and the unfinished string quartet op. 103 (1802). The last sketches date back to 1806; after this date, Haydn did not write anything else.

Slide 13

When in 1803, due to nervous exhaustion, he stopped writing music and very rarely appeared in public, he ordered business cards to be made with a quote from his song “The Old Man”: “All my strength has dried up; I am old and weak” ... - Joseph Haydn. Old Haydn's calling card

Franz Joseph Haydn () - Austrian representative of the Viennese classical school. Born on March 31, 1732 in Lower Austria, in the small town of Rohrau.




St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna Little Joseph attracted the attention of musicians at the age of five. Haydn had excellent hearing, memory, and a sense of rhythm. His ringing silver voice delighted everyone. Thanks to his outstanding musical abilities, the boy first got into the church choir of the small town of Gainburg, and then into the choir chapel at cathedral St. Stephen in Vienna.


Singing in a choir was a very good, but only school for Haydn. The boy's abilities quickly developed, and he was assigned difficult solo parts. Josef was understanding and quickly accepted everything new. He even found time to play the violin and clavichord and achieved significant success.






Haydn contributed to the formation of classical genres - symphony, sonata, instrumental concerto, quartet, as well as sonata form. He finally established the classical principles of constructing a sonata-symphonic cycle. In Haydn's work, a permanent composition of a string quartet was formed, which became a characteristic representative of chamber instrumental music: 2 violins, viola, cello. Haydn also approved the classical - paired - composition symphony orchestra: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, a pair of timpani and a string quintet: 2 groups of violins (I and II), violas, cellos and double basses. Clarinets occasionally appear in Haydn's symphonies.


Haydn wrote music in the most various genres: 104 symphonies; A huge number of chamber ensembles (83 quartets, trios); Over 30 concertos for various instruments, incl. and clavier; Works for solo clavier: 52 sonatas, rondos, variations; 24 operas; 2 oratorios: “The Creation of the World” and “The Seasons”; About 50 songs; 14 mos.


Haydn's art is closely connected with the Enlightenment, which is manifested in: the rational basis of his work; harmony, balance and thoughtfulness of all components artistic image; connections with folklore. Haydn's work is a kind of anthology of folklore different nations(Austrian, German, Hungarian, Slavic, French); optimistic structure of works. Vigorous, energetic, cheerful, Haydn’s music instills faith in a person’s strength and supports his desire for happiness.




The vast majority of Haydn's symphonies are light, optimistic, and major. Haydn also has “serious” dramatic symphonies - these are the minor symphonies of the 1760s - 70s. This time was marked by disagreements between Haydn and Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy, who was not satisfied with the overly tragic, in his opinion, tone of Haydn's music. During his service with Prince Esterhazy, Haydn wrote most of his operas, quartets and symphonies. In total, Haydn created 104 symphonies! Esterhazy Palace on Wallnerstrasse Vienna Miklos Joseph Esterhazy


Among Haydn’s peak works are his oratorios: “The Creation of the World” and “The Seasons.” The plot of “The Creation of the World” is extremely simple and naive. The first two parts of the oratorio tell about the emergence of the world according to the will of God. The third and last part is about the heavenly life of Adam and Eve before the Fall. The oratorio “The Seasons” should be recognized as an even more significant work of Haydn than “The Creation of the World”. In 4 parts of the oratorio, the composer depicts all seasons and compares pictures of nature with pictures of peasant life.


Conclusion Creative path Haydn turned out to be unusually long. Under Haydn, the activities of Bach and his sons took place, under him Gluck carried out his operatic reform, he communicated with Mozart, whom he considered the first composer of the world (in turn, Mozart dedicated 6 quartets to Haydn). During Haydn's lifetime, most of the symphonies of Beethoven, who took lessons from him in his youth, were written. Haydn died shortly before the young Schubert began composing his songs. Even in his declining years, the composer was an unusually fresh and cheerful person, full of creative strength and youthful enthusiasm.


The composer spent his last years on the outskirts of Vienna, in a small house. The quiet and secluded home was visited by admirers of the composer's talent. The conversations concerned the past. Haydn especially loved to remember his hard, hard-working youth, but full of bold, persistent searches. The house in Vienna where Haydn spent last years his life, is now a museum


List of sources used