There is hardly a person on the planet who is not familiar with the name Pablo Picasso. The founder of Cubism and an artist of many styles influenced the fine arts of not only Europe, but the whole world in the 20th century.

Artist Pablo Picasso: childhood and years of study

One of the brightest was born in Malaga, in a house on Merced Square, in 1881, on October 25. Nowadays there is a museum and foundation named after P. Picasso. Following the Spanish tradition at baptism, the parents gave the boy a fairly long name, which is an alternation of the names of saints and the closest and most revered relatives in the family. Ultimately, he is known by the very first and the last. Pablo decided to take his mother’s surname, considering his father’s to be too simple. The boy's talent and passion for drawing manifested itself from early childhood. The first and very valuable lessons were taught to him by his father, who was also an artist. His name was Jose Ruiz. He painted his first serious painting at the age of eight - “Picador”. We can safely say that it was with her that the work of Pablo Picasso began. The father of the future artist received an offer to work as a teacher in La Coruña in 1891, and the family soon moved to northern Spain. There, Pablo studied for a year at a local art school. Then the family moved to one of the most beautiful cities - Barcelona. Young Picasso was 14 years old at the time, and too young to study at La Lonja (the school of fine arts). However, his father was able to ensure that he was allowed to take the entrance exams on a competitive basis, which he did brilliantly. After another four years, his parents decided to enroll him in the best advanced art school at that time - “San Fernando” in Madrid. Studying at the academy quickly bored the young talent; in its classical canons and rules he felt cramped and even bored. Therefore, he devoted more time to the Prado Museum and studying its collections, and a year later he returned to Barcelona. The early period of his work includes paintings painted in 1986: “Self-Portrait” by Picasso, “First Communion” (it depicts the artist’s sister Lola), “Portrait of a Mother” (pictured below).

During his stay in Madrid, he made his first trip where he studied all the museums and the paintings of the greatest masters. Subsequently, he would come to this center of world art several times, and in 1904 he would move permanently.

"Blue" period

This time period can be seen as precisely at this time, his individuality, still subject to outside influence, begins to manifest itself in Picasso’s work. It is a well-known fact: the talent of creative people manifests itself most clearly in difficult life situations. This is exactly what happened with Pablo Picasso, whose works are now known throughout the world. The takeoff was provoked and occurred after a long depression caused by the death of a close friend, Carlos Casagemas. In 1901, at an exhibition organized by Vollard, 64 works by the artist were presented, but at that time they were still full of sensuality and brightness, the influence of the Impressionists was clearly felt. The “blue” period of his work gradually entered into its rightful rights, manifesting itself with rigid contours of figures and a loss of three-dimensionality of the image, a departure from the classical laws of artistic perspective. The palette of colors on his canvases is becoming more and more monotonous, the emphasis is on Blue colour. The beginning of the period can be considered “Portrait of Jaime Sabartes” and Picasso’s self-portrait, painted in 1901.

Paintings of the "blue" period

The key words for the master during this period were loneliness, fear, guilt, pain. In 1902 he returned to Barcelona again, but could not stay there. The tense situation in the capital of Catalonia, poverty on all sides and social injustice result in popular unrest, which gradually engulfed not only all of Spain, but also Europe. Probably, this state of affairs also influenced the artist, who works fruitfully and extremely hard this year. In the homeland, masterpieces of the “blue” period were created: “Two Sisters (Date)”, “Old Jew with a Boy”, “Tragedy” (photo of the canvas above), “Life”, where the image of the deceased Casagemas once again appears. In 1901, the painting “The Absinthe Drinker” was also painted. It traces the influence of the then popular fascination with “vicious” characters, characteristic of French art. The theme of absinthe appears in many paintings. Picasso's work, among other things, is full of drama. The woman’s hypertrophied hand, with which she seems to be trying to defend herself, is especially striking. Currently, “The Absinthe Lover” is kept in the Hermitage, having got there from a private and very impressive collection of works by Picasso (51 works) by S. I. Shchukin after the revolution.

As soon as the opportunity arises to go to Spain again, he decides to take advantage of it and leaves Spain in the spring of 1904. It was there that he would encounter new interests, sensations and impressions, which would give rise to a new stage of his creativity.

"Pink" period

In Picasso's work, this stage lasted a relatively long time - from 1904 (autumn) until the end of 1906 - and was not entirely homogeneous. Most of the paintings of the period are marked by a light range of colors, the appearance of ocher, pearl-gray, red-pink tones. Characteristic is the emergence and subsequent dominance of new themes for the artist’s work - actors, circus performers and acrobats, athletes. Of course, the overwhelming majority of the material was provided to him by the Medrano Circus, which in those years was located at the foot of Montmartre. The bright theatrical setting, costumes, behavior, variety of types seemed to return P. Picasso to the world of, albeit transformed, but real forms and volumes, natural space. The images in his paintings again became sensual and filled with life and brightness, as opposed to the characters of the “blue” stage of creativity.

Pablo Picasso: works of the “pink” period

The paintings that marked the beginning of a new period were first exhibited at the end of winter 1905 at the Serurrier Gallery - these are “Seated Nude” and “Actor”. One of the recognized masterpieces of the “pink” period is “A Family of Comedians” (pictured above). The canvas has impressive dimensions - more than two meters in height and width. The figures of circus performers are depicted against the background of a blue sky; it is generally accepted that the harlequin on the right side is Picasso himself. All the characters are static, and there is no internal closeness between them; each is shackled by internal loneliness - the theme of the entire “pink” period. In addition, it is worth noting the following works by Pablo Picasso: “Woman in a Shirt”, “Toilet”, “Boy Leading a Horse”, “Acrobats. Mother and Son", "Girl with a Goat". All of them demonstrate to the viewer beauty and serenity, rare for the artist’s paintings. A new impetus for creativity occurred at the end of 1906, when Picasso traveled through Spain and ended up in a small village in the Pyrenees.

African creative period

P. Picasso first encountered archaic African art at a thematic exhibition at the Trocadero Museum. He was impressed by pagan idols of primitive form, exotic masks and figurines that embodied the great power of nature and were distanced from the smallest details. The artist’s ideology coincided with this powerful message, and as a result, he began to simplify his heroes, making them like stone idols, monumental and sharp. However, the first work in the direction of this style appeared back in 1906 - this is a portrait by Pablo Picasso of the writer. He rewrote the picture 80 times and had already completely lost faith in the possibility of embodying her image in the classical style. This moment can rightly be called transitional from following nature to deformation of form. Just look at such paintings as “Nude Woman”, “Dance with Veils”, “Dryad”, “Friendship”, “Bust of a Sailor”, “Self-Portrait”.

But perhaps the most striking example of the African stage of Picasso’s work is the painting “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” (pictured above), on which the master worked for about a year. She crowned this stage creative path artist and largely determined the fate of art as a whole. The painting was first published only thirty years after it was written and became open door into the world of the avant-garde. The bohemian circle of Paris literally split into two camps: “for” and “against”. The painting is currently kept in the Museum contemporary art city ​​of New York.

Cubism in the works of Picasso

The problem of uniqueness and accuracy of the image remained in the first place in European fine art until the moment when cubism burst into it. Many consider the impetus for its development to be a question that arose among artists: “Why draw?” At the beginning of the 20th century, a reliable image of what you see could be taught to almost anyone, and photography was literally on its heels, which threatened to completely displace everything else. Visual images become not only believable, but also accessible and easily replicated. Pablo Picasso's cubism in this case reflects the individuality of the creator, abandoning a plausible image of the outside world and opening up completely new possibilities and boundaries of perception.

Early works include: “Pot, glass and book”, “Bathing”, “Bouquet of flowers in a gray jug”, “Bread and a bowl of fruit on the table”, etc. The canvases clearly show how the artist’s style changes and acquires increasingly abstract features towards the end of the period (1918-1919). For example, “Harlequin”, “Three Musicians”, “Still Life with a Guitar” (pictured above). The audience’s association of the master’s work with abstractionism did not suit Picasso at all; the very emotional message of the paintings, their hidden meaning, was important to him. Ultimately, the style of cubism that he himself created gradually ceased to inspire and interest the artist, opening the way for new trends in creativity.

Classical period

The second decade of the 20th century was quite difficult for Picasso. Thus, 1911 was marked by the story of stolen figurines from the Louvre, which did not show the artist in the best light. In 1914, it became clear that, even after living in the country for so many years, Picasso was not ready to fight for France in the First World War, which separated him from many of his friends. And the following year his beloved Marcelle Humbert died.

The return of a more realistic Pablo Picasso in his work, whose works were again filled with readability, figurativeness and artistic logic, was also influenced by many external factors. Including a trip to Rome, where he became imbued with ancient art, as well as communication with ballet troupe Diaghilev and meeting the ballerina Olga Khokhlova, who soon became the artist’s second wife. Her portrait of 1917, which was in some way experimental in nature, can be considered the beginning of a new period. Russian ballet Pablo Picasso not only inspired the creation of new masterpieces, but also gave his beloved and long-awaited son. The most famous works period: “Olga Khokhlova” (pictured above), “Pierrot”, “Still Life with a Jug and Apples”, “Sleeping Peasants”, “Mother and Child”, “Women Running on the Beach”, “The Three Graces”.

Surrealism

The division of creativity is nothing more than the desire to sort it into shelves and squeeze it into a certain (stylistic, time) framework. However, this approach to the work of Pablo Picasso, who adorns the best museums and galleries in the world, can be called very conditional. If we follow the chronology, then the period when the artist was close to surrealism falls on the years 1925-1932. It is not at all surprising that at every stage of the master’s work, a muse visited the master of the brush, and when O. Khokhlova wanted to recognize herself in his canvases, he turned to neoclassicism. However, creative people are fickle, and soon the young and very beautiful Maria Teresa Walter, who was only 17 years old at the time of their acquaintance, entered Picasso’s life. She was destined for the role of a mistress, and in 1930 the artist bought a castle in Normandy, which became a home for her and a workshop for him. Maria Teresa was a faithful companion, steadfastly enduring the creative and loving tossing of the creator, maintaining friendly correspondence until the death of Pablo Picasso. Works from the period of surrealism: “Dance”, “Woman in a Chair” (in the photo below), “Bather”, “Nude on the Beach”, “Dream”, etc.

World War II period

Picasso's sympathy during the war in Spain in 1937 belonged to the Republicans. When in the same year Italian and German aircraft destroyed Guernica - the political and cultural center of the Basques - Pablo Picasso depicted the city lying in ruins on a huge canvas of the same name in just two months. He was literally gripped by horror from the threat that hung over all of Europe, which could not but affect his creativity. Emotions were not expressed directly, but were embodied in the tone, its gloom, bitterness and sarcasm.

After the wars died down and the world came into relative balance, restoring everything that had been destroyed, Picasso’s work also acquired happier and brighter colors. His canvases, painted in 1945-1955, have a Mediterranean flavor, are very atmospheric and partly idealistic. At the same time, he began to work with ceramics, creating many decorative jugs, dishes, plates, and figurines (photo shown above). The works that were created in the last 15 years of his life are very uneven in style and quality.

One of major artists twentieth century - Pablo Picasso - died at the age of 91 at his villa in France. He was buried near the Vovenart castle that belonged to him.

Pablo Picasso can rightfully be called one of the most amazing and inimitable artists. It was always different, but always shocking. Famous paintings Picasso is an extraordinary tandem of traditional painting and original art. He devoted himself so much to his works that he did not notice his stylistic inconstancy. And this is not the main thing in the works of the Spanish painter. Pablo Picasso skillfully combined on canvas such unusual materials as metal, stone, plaster, coal, pencil or oil paints. The magnificent artist stopped at nothing. Perhaps this is why Picasso’s paintings are so surprising with their emotionality and courage.

Among the variety of his works, compositions with images of women especially stand out. Here the artist’s canvases are truly shocking with the variety of quirks and extraordinary fantasies. It’s worth remembering at least “” (1932). The lines and colors used once again prove known fact that Pablo Picasso really did not like women. That is why so often in his works they surprised with the absurdity of images and forms. The heroine of “Morning Serenade” (1942) was crowned with particular absurdity. Here Pablo Picasso tried as hard as ever. Dissected and bloated bodies, crushed profiles, strange hats - burlesque forms were favorite for famous artist. That is why bright plots, frightening in their power and enormous attractiveness, were so often used by the author, and to this day they do not leave the peaks art world. It's simple. After all, such paintings by Picasso evoke inimitable, sensual emotions in viewers. And what else is needed for an artist who sincerely conveyed on canvas all his natural, sometimes shocking, vital essence.

Ksyusha Kors

Pablo Picasso - the genius of modern art

In Spain, in the small city of Malaga, on October 25, 1881, a baby was born. The birth was difficult, the born boy could not breathe. To open his lungs, cigarette smoke was blown into his nose. Thus began the life of the world’s youngest “smoker” and at the same time greatest artist nineteenth century Pablo Picasso.

The boy's unusual talent began to manifest itself in early childhood. His first word was “pencil,” and he learned to draw before he could speak.

Pablo was a spoiled child. The parents doted on their only and also very handsome son. He hated school and very often refused to go there until his father allowed him to take a pet pigeon with him from his home pigeon coop.

Besides pigeons, he was very fond of art. When Pablo was ten years old, his father often took him with him to college, where he worked as an art teacher. He could spend hours watching his father draw, and sometimes even help him. One day, Father Pablo was painting doves and left the room for a while. When he returned, he saw that Pablo had finished the painting. She was so beautiful and alive that he gave his son his palette and brushes and never painted himself again. Pablo was only thirteen then, but he had already surpassed his teacher.

Since then, paints and brushes have become Pablo's life. It was obvious that he was a genius. But, to the disappointment of many, his art was not classical. He always broke the rules and canons traditional art and shocked with his strange, but energetically powerful paintings. He was best known for his paintings in the Cubist style - painting using simple geometric shapes. For example, he depicted people with triangles and squares, drawing body parts and facial features in completely different places than where they were supposed to be.

His works changed people's understanding of modern art. Now it is associated with the name of Pablo Picasso. His painting “,” painted in 1937, is considered one of the masterpieces of modern art, in which the artist depicted the bombing of a small town during the Spanish Civil War.

In total, Picasso created more than 6,000 paintings, drawings and sculptures. Today his works are worth several million dollars. One day, when the French minister was visiting Picasso, the artist accidentally spilled some paint on his pants. Pablo apologized and offered to pay the bill for cleaning his trousers, but the minister said: “No way! You just signed my pants!”

Pablo Picasso passed away due to heart failure after suffering from the flu in 1973.

Pablo Picasso: all eras in one artist

Today, Pablo Picasso is rightfully considered one of the most expensive artists according to the results of modern auctions. The nontrivial Spanish artist created his first works at the dawn of the 20th century, and in total he has several tens of thousands of paintings and sculptures to his name. He was not “fixated” on any one style, but looked for ways and types of self-expression in different artistic directions. It is impossible to judge Picasso's work by one or two works: his rich inner world he translated it into the language of paint, in each painting doing it in a different way from the previous one. The impressive, almost century-long century of his work is usually divided into many periods:

The early period, when there was a test of the brush, a search for moods and bold experiments. At this time he lives in Barcelona, ​​then goes to Madrid to study art, and then again to Barcelona.

"Blue" period. Moving to Paris and meeting the Impressionists deeply contributed to the formation and polishing of the Spaniard’s talent. In his paintings of 1900-1903, he perpetuated various manifestations of grief, melancholy, and melancholy.

The “pink” period was marked by new characters in his masterpieces: artists, circus performers. “The Girl on the Ball” from Pushkin Museum. The atmosphere of sadness in Pablo's work is diluted with lighter, more romantic moods.

The “African” period was the first harbinger of the author’s transition to Cubism proper.

Cubism. Picasso began to scrupulously analyze everything that he depicted in his paintings, into large and small geometric figures. Portraits painted using this technique look especially interesting and innovative.

Classic period. Acquaintance with Russian ballet and with his first wife, a ballerina, brings some rethinking to the work of Picasso, who turned to dogma at the very beginning of the 20s artistic arts and creating paintings that are sharply different from the cubism he was accustomed to. One of his first works in the classical style is “Portrait of Olga in an Armchair,” where the loving artist captured his wife.

Surrealism. Since 1925, the author has been experiencing great creative experiences, which can be discerned in his paintings - the characters represent a surreal monstrosity, the artist makes a challenge, flirts with the viewer’s imagination, turning to surrealism. One of the most famous surreal paintings is “The Dream” from 1932.

Military themes came into his creative life With civil war, which swept Spain and then the whole of Europe. Along with the gloomy social background, the artist’s life atmosphere is also influenced by new personal experiences: a new woman appears in his life.

After the war, he creates the world famous "Dove of Peace" and becomes a communist. This period of his artistic activity reflects his happy years of life. During this period, he actively realized himself as a ceramist.

Since the 50s, it has been difficult to attribute his paintings to one genre and style - he realizes everything unsaid in different manners and techniques. He also interprets famous paintings by other artists, painting them in his own way.

Picasso's paintings from different periods lead the art market today, breaking all imaginable price records. For example, an amount of $104 million was paid in 2004 for his painting “Boy with a Pipe” from 1905, and in 2010 his painting “Nude, Green Leaves and Bust,” painted by him in 1932, was sold for 106 million. Today you can buy Picasso’s paintings at open auctions, but the most famous masterpieces of his work have already taken their places of honor in private collections and best museums peace.

Love and relationships with women occupied a large place in the life of Pablo Picasso. Seven women had an undoubted influence on the master’s life and work. But he did not bring happiness to any of them. He not only “mutilated” them on canvas, but also drove them to depression, mental hospital, and suicide.

Every time I change women, I have to burn the last one. This way I get rid of them. This may be what brings back my youth.

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso born on October 25, 1881 in Malaga, southern Spain, in the family of the artist José Ruiz. In 1895 the family moved to Barcelona, ​​where the young Pablo He was easily enrolled in the La Lonja art school and, through the efforts of his father, acquired his own workshop. But a big ship has a long voyage, and already in 1897 Picasso goes to Madrid to study at the Royal Academy of San Fernando, which, however, disappointed him from the very first steps (he visited the museum much more often than lectures). And already at this time still quite a child Pablo being treated for a “bad disease.”

Pablo Picasso and Fernanda Olivier

In 1900, running away from sad thoughts after the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas, Pablo Picasso ends up in Paris, where, together with other poor artists, he rents rooms in a dilapidated house on the Place Ravignan. There Picasso meets Fernande Olivier, or "Beautiful Fernanda". This young woman with a dark past (she ran away from home with a sculptor who later went crazy) and a shaky present (she posed for artists) became a lover and muse for several years Picasso. With her appearance in the master’s life, the so-called “blue period” (gloomy paintings in blue-green tones) ends and the “pink” begins, with motives of admiring the nude and warm colors.

Turning to cubism brings Pablo Picasso success even overseas, and in 1910 he and Fernanda moved to a spacious apartment and spent the summer in a villa in the Pyrenees. But their romance was coming to an end. Picasso met another woman - Marcel Humbert, whom he called Eva. With Fernanda Picasso parted amicably, without mutual insults or curses, since Fernanda at that time was already the mistress of the Polish painter Louis Marcoussis.

Photo: Fernanda Olivier and work Pablo Picasso, where she is depicted "Reclining Nude" (1906)

Pablo Picasso and Marcel Humbert (Eve)

Little is known about Marcelle Humbert, as she died early from tuberculosis. But its influence on creativity Pablo Picasso undeniable. She is depicted in the canvas “My Beauty” (1911); the series of works “I Love Eve” is dedicated to her, where one cannot help but notice the fragility, almost transparent beauty of this woman.

During the relationship with Eva Picasso painted textured, rich canvases. But this did not last long. In 1915, Eva died. Picasso could not live in the apartment where he lived with her, and moved to a small house on the outskirts of Paris. For some time he lived a solitary, reclusive life.

Photo: Marcel Humbert (Eva) and work Pablo Picasso where she is depicted is “Woman in a Shirt Reclining in a Chair” (1913)

Pablo Picasso and Olga Khokhlova

Some time after Eve's death, Picasso A close friendship develops with the writer and artist Jean Cocteau. He is the one who invites Pablo take part in creating the scenery for the ballet “Parade”. So, in 1917 the troupe, together with Picasso go to Rome, and this work brings the artist back to life. It was there, in Rome, Pablo Picasso meets the ballerina, the colonel's daughter Olga Khokhlova (Picasso called her “Koklova”). She was not an outstanding ballerina; she lacked “high fire” and performed mainly in the corps de ballet.

She was already 27 years old, the end of her career was not far off, and she quite easily agreed to leave the stage for the sake of marriage with Picasso. In 1918 they got married. Russian ballerina makes life Picasso more bourgeois, trying to turn him into an expensive salon artist and an exemplary family man. She did not understand and did not recognize. And since painting Picasso always connected “with the muse in the flesh,” which he had at the moment, he was forced to move away from the cubist style.

In 1921, the couple had a son, Paolo (Paul). The elements of fatherhood temporarily overwhelmed the 40-year-old Picasso, and he endlessly drew his wife and son. However, the birth of a son could no longer cement the union of Picasso and Khokhlova; they grew increasingly distant from each other. They divided the house into two halves: Olga was forbidden to visit her husband’s workshop, and he did not visit her bedroom. Being an exceptionally decent woman, Olga had a chance to become a good mother of a family and make some respectable bourgeois happy, but with Picasso she “failed.” She spent the rest of her life alone, suffering from depression, tormented by jealousy and anger, but remained a legal wife Picasso until his death from cancer in 1955.

Photo: Olga Khokhlova and work Pablo Picasso, where she is depicted in "Portrait of a Woman with an Ermine Collar" (1923)

Pablo Picasso and Marie-Therese Walter

In January 1927 Picasso met 17-year-old Marie-Therese Walter. The girl did not refuse the offer to work as a model for him, although about the artist Pablo Picasso I've never heard of it. Three days after they met, she already became his mistress. Picasso I rented an apartment for her not far from my own house.

Picasso did not advertise his relationship with the minor Marie-Therese, but his paintings gave him away. The most famous work of this period is “Nude, green leaves and Bust" - went down in history as the first painting sold for more than $100 million.

In 1935, Marie-Thérèse gave birth to a daughter, Maya. Picasso tried to get a divorce from his wife in order to marry Marie-Therese, but this attempt was unsuccessful. Relationship between Marie-Therese and Picasso lasted much longer than their love affair lasted. Even after the separation, Picasso continued to support her and their daughter with money, and Marie-Thérèse hoped that he, the love of her life, would eventually marry her. This did not happen. A few years after the artist’s death, Marie-Thérèse hanged herself in the garage of her home.

Photo: Marie-Thérèse Walter and work Pablo Picasso, in which she is depicted, - “Nude, green leaves and bust” (1932)

Pablo Picasso and Dora Maar

The year 1936 was marked for Picasso meeting a new woman - a representative of the Parisian bohemian, photographer Dora Maar. This happened in a cafe, where a girl in black gloves was playing a dangerous game - tapping the tip of a knife between her spread fingers. She got hurt Pablo asked for her bloody gloves and kept them for life. So, this sadomasochistic relationship began with blood and pain.

Subsequently Picasso said that he remembered Dora as a “crying woman.” He found that tears suited her extremely well and made her face especially expressive. At times the artist showed phenomenal insensitivity towards her. So, one day, Dora came to the Picasso talk about your mother's death. Without letting her finish, he sat her down in front of him and began to paint a picture from her.

During the relationship between Dora and Picasso The Nazis bombed the city of Guernica, the cultural capital of Basque Country. In 1937, a monumental (3x8 meters) canvas was born - the famous "" denouncing Nazism." Experienced photographer Dora recorded the various stages of work Picasso above the picture. And this is in addition to many photographic portraits of the master.

In the early 1940s, Dora's “subtle mental organization” develops into neurasthenia. In 1945, fearing a nervous breakdown or suicide, Pablo sends Dora to a psychiatric hospital.

Photo: Dora Maar and work Pablo Picasso in which she is depicted is “The Weeping Woman” (1937)

Pablo Picasso and Francoise Gilot

In the early 1940s Pablo Picasso met the artist Françoise Gilot. Unlike other women, she managed to “hold the line” for three whole years, followed by a 10-year romance, two children together (Claude and Paloma) and a life full of simple joys on the coast.

But Picasso could not offer Françoise anything more than the role of mistress, mother of his children and model. Françoise wanted more - self-realization in painting. In 1953, she took the children and went to Paris. Soon she released the book “My Life with Picasso", on which the film "Living Life with Picasso" Thus, Françoise Gilot became the first and only woman to Picasso did not crush, did not burn.

Photo: Françoise Gilot and work Pablo Picasso in which she is depicted is “Flower Woman” (1946)

Pablo Picasso and Jacqueline Roque

After Françoise left, the 70-year-old Picasso a new and last lover and muse appeared - Jacqueline Rock. They only got married in 1961. Picasso was 80 years old, Jacqueline - 34. They lived more than alone - in the French village of Mougins. There is an opinion that it was Jacqueline who did not favor visitors. Even children were not always allowed on the threshold of his house. Jacqueline worshiped Pablo, like a god, and turned their house into a kind of personal temple.

This was exactly the source of inspiration that the master lacked with his previous lover. For 17 of the 20 years he lived with Jacqueline, he did not draw any other women except her. Each of the latest paintings Picasso- this is a unique masterpiece. And obviously stimulated by genius Picasso it is the young wife who provides for old age and last years artist with warmth and selfless care.

Died Picasso in 1973 - in the arms of Jacqueline Rock. His sculpture “Woman with a Vase” was installed on his grave as a monument.

Photo: Jacqueline Rock and work Pablo Picasso in which she is depicted is “Nude Jacqueline in a Turkish headdress” (1955)

Based on materials:

“100 people who changed the course of history. Pablo Picasso" Issue No. 29, 2008

And also, http://www.picasso-pablo.ru/

Laymen often throw remarks at avant-garde artists that they don’t know how to draw, so they depict cubes and squares. Picasso can serve as an illustration of the falsity and primitiveness of such a statement. WITH youth he knew how to reflect nature on paper with maximum similarity to the original. The talent, which was fortunately placed in a creative environment from birth (the father of the most prominent figure in twentieth-century painting was an art teacher and decorator), developed at lightning speed. The boy began to draw almost before he spoke...

"Blue" period

The “Blue Period” is perhaps the first stage in Picasso’s work, in relation to which one can speak of the master’s individuality, despite the still sounding notes of influences. The first creative takeoff was provoked by a long depression: in February 1901, in Madrid, Picasso learned of the death of his close friend Carlos Casagemas. On May 5, 1901, the artist came to Paris for the second time in his life, where everything reminded him of Casagemas, with whom he had recently discovered the French capital. Pablo settled in the room where he spent his last days Carlos, who started an affair with Germaine, because of whom his friend committed suicide, communicated with the same circle of people. One can imagine into what a complex knot the bitterness of loss, the feeling of guilt, the feeling of the proximity of death were intertwined for him... All this in many ways served as the “garbage” from which the “blue period” grew. Picasso later said: “I plunged into blue when I realized that Casagemas was dead”...

"Pink" period

The “Rose Period” was relatively short-lived (from the autumn of 1904 to the end of 1906) and not entirely homogeneous. However, a large number of paintings are marked by a light color, the appearance of pearl-gray, ocher and rose-red tones; New themes appear and become dominant - actors, acrobats, athletes. The Medrano Circus, located at the foot of the Montmartre hill, certainly provided a lot of material for the artist. Theatricality in many of its manifestations (costumes, accentuated gestures), the variety of types of people, beautiful and ugly, young and adults, seemed to return the artist to the world of several transformed, but real forms, volumes, spaces; the images were filled with life again, in contrast to the characters of the “blue period”...

"African" period

The first work that turned Picasso’s brushes towards new figurativeness was the 1906 portrait of Gertrude Stein. Having rewritten it about 80 times, the artist despaired of embodying the writer in classical style. The artist was clearly ripe for a new creative period, and following nature ceased to interest him. This canvas can be considered the first step towards deformation of the form.

In 1907, Picasso first encountered archaic African art at an ethnographic exhibition at the Trocadéro Museum. Primitive idols, figurines and masks, where the generalized form was freed from the flickering of details, embodied the powerful forces of nature, from which primitive didn't distance himself. The ideology of Picasso, who invariably put art above all else, coincided with the powerful message embedded in these images: for ancient people, art did not serve to decorate everyday life, it was witchcraft that tamed incomprehensible and hostile spirits that controlled earthly life full of danger...

Cubism

Before cubism, the problem of life-likeness had always remained one of the main ones in European art. For several centuries art has evolved without questioning this task. Even the impressionists, who opened a new chapter in the history of painting, dedicated to the light, recording a fleeting impression, also solved the question: how to capture this world on canvas.

The impetus for the development of a new language of art, perhaps, was the question: why draw? By the beginning of the 20th century. the basics of “correct” drawing could be taught to almost anyone. Photography was actively developing, and it became clear that fixed, technical images would become its domain. The artists faced the question: how can art remain alive and relevant in a world where figurative images Are they becoming more accessible and easier to replicate? Picasso's answer is extremely simple: in the arsenal of painting there are only its own specific means - the plane of the canvas, line, color, light, and they do not necessarily have to be put at the service of nature. The outside world only gives impetus to the expression of the individuality of the creator. The refusal to plausibly imitate the objective world opened up incredibly wide opportunities for artists. This process took place in several directions. In the field of “liberation” of color, Matisse was perhaps the leader, while Braque and Picasso, the founders of Cubism, were more interested in form...

"Classical" period

The 1910s turned out to be quite difficult for Picasso. In 1911, the story of the purchase and storage of figurines stolen from the Louvre surfaced, which demonstrated to Picasso the limitations of his own moral, human strength: he turned out to be unable to directly resist the pressure of the authorities, and to maintain devotion to friendship (at the first interrogation, he tried to renounce even the very fact of acquaintance with Appolinaire, “thanks to” whom he became involved in this unpleasant incident). In 1914 the First World War and it turned out that Picasso was not ready to fight for France, which became his second homeland. This also separated him from many of his friends. Marcelle Humbert died in 1915...

Surrealism

Dividing creativity into periods is a standard way of squeezing art into frames and sorting it into shelves. In the case of Pablo Picasso, an artist without style or, more accurately, an artist of many styles, this approach is conventional, but traditionally applied. The period of Picasso’s proximity to surrealism fits chronologically into the framework of 1925 – 1932. As a rule, each stylistic stage in the artist’s work was dominated by a certain Muse. Married to ex-ballerina Olga Khokhlova, who longed to “recognize herself on canvases,” Picasso turned from cubism, which he invented together with Georges Braque, to neoclassicism.

When did the young blonde come into the artist’s life?

Biography

Pablo Picasso- a great Spanish artist, cubist, sculptor, artist, remembered for the unique style of his paintings, who became the trendsetter of the subsequent fashion for cubism. Full name brilliant artist - Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz.

Picasso, in tandem with George Braque, founded the so-called painting style - cubism. He had a significant influence on all world art.

The most early painting Pablo Picasso– Picadora, painted at the age of 8. He studied painting from his father, who was an art teacher. He studied at various art schools, including: the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona, ​​the School in La Coruña. The first exhibition of paintings took place in Barcelona, ​​June 1989, at the Els Quatre Gats cafe.

Pablo became acquainted with the work of the Impressionists later, after he left for Paris. Already here, after the suicide of his best friend and as a result of depression, a period begins in his life, which later all art critics in the world will call Blue. This period of Picasso is characterized by despondency, symbols of death, old age, depression, melancholy, and sadness. Pictures that relate to blue period— Absinthe drinker, Date, Beggar old man with a boy. It was called blue due to the fact that blue shades predominate in the paintings of this period.

In 1904, when the great Spanish artist stays in Paris in a hostel for poor artists, the Blue Period gives way to pink. Sorrow and symbols of death are replaced by more joyful images - theater scenes, life stories of traveling comedians, the life of actors and acrobats.

Together with George Braque, around 1907, he became the founder cubism. The artist moved from the image to the analysis of form and components. Cubism in its own way rejected naturalism and, according to many art critics, was inspired by a fascination with African sculpture, which is distinguished by its angularity, grotesque forms, and characteristic ornaments. African sculpture influenced many movements visual arts, for example, in addition to Picasso, she helped form Fauvism.

In 1925, the cheerful paintings were replaced by the most difficult and difficult period in the artist’s life. Cubism develops into absolutely unreal and surreal images. His monsters and creatures, screaming and torn to pieces, are inspired by the surrealist revolution that broke out in painting and literature. Then there was the fear of fascism, which influenced his paintings: Fishing at night in Antibes, Maya and her doll, Guernica. The last picture, which depicts the horrors of war, is associated famous story. One day, a Nazi officer, seeing a photograph of Guernica, asked Picasso: “Did you do this?”, to which he replied: “You did this!”

After the war, a new mood takes possession of him. A series of pleasant events - love for Françoise Gilot, the birth of two children - give him a happy and bright period in creativity, filled with life and family happiness.

Pablo Ruiz Picasso died in 1973 at his villa in France. The great artist was buried near the castle, which belonged to him personally and was called Vovenart.