Life expectancy of the population in the Russian Federation. Life chart by date of birth. Average age of the population in the Russian Federation and other countries of the world: comparative analysis
Rosstat has prepared a forecast of life expectancy for Russians until 2030.The document (available from Life), sent for approval to the Ministry of Health, presents three options: low, medium, high. It is interesting that none of them will reach 74 years by 2018, as required by the May presidential decrees.
According to the most optimistic forecast, such life expectancy in our country is expected by 2019, according to the average forecast - only by 2024, and in the pessimistic forecast there is no figure of 74 years at all.
However, this forecast is somewhat more optimistic than the one published by Rosstat in May last year. On average, for each year the indicator increased by 0.21 years.
The life expectancy of Russians is steadily increasing from year to year. So, according to the resultsIn 2015, a record was reached in the entire history of observations - 71.39 years, in 2014 this figure was 70.93 years, and in 2011 - 69.8 years.
According to a new forecast from Rosstat, the gap between the life expectancy of men and women will gradually narrow, but will still remain significant.
The Ministry of Health on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population for the period until 2025 notes that in Russia, mortality from major non-communicable diseases is 68.5% of the total mortality of the population. We are talking about diseases of the circulatory system, malignant neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes.
One of the most common reasons for the development of diseases is an unhealthy lifestyle: smoking, poor diet (excess salt and lack of fruits and vegetables in the diet), neglect of physical exercise, excessive addiction to alcohol.
The Ministry of Health's strategy spells out measures that should help the country's residents lead a healthier lifestyle. In particular, these are restrictions on the advertising of “junk” food, a ban on the sale of alcohol to citizens under 21 (it is already known that) and the introduction of additional taxes on overly salty foods. Another direction of implementation of the strategy is the opening of a cafe with a diet menu. The Ministry of Health offers to open such cafes free of charge for those who are below the poverty line. There are other initiatives there as well. The document is still being approved by the government.
Demography experts note that many factors influence the life expectancy of the population.
Life expectancy itself is a complex indicator that changes under the influence of many factors, says Vyacheslav Bobkov, general director of the All-Russian Center for Living Standards. - Part of these factors lies in the material security of people. The deterioration of material conditions affects health - poorer nutrition, reduced opportunities to purchase medicines.
Demographic indicators are greatly influenced by global historical events, noted Deputy Director of the Public Institute of Demographic Security Elina Zhgutova.
Look at how demographics have evolved. Elderly people now are children of the war years. It would seem that they have seen a lot, their health is poor. But in fact, the strongest generation survived. The last decade is not significant for statistics. During this period there are people with a very strong vitality. And if you take the 90s plus, relatively speaking, the 70s, I think people born during this time will die very early. In those days, the core of life was broken. It is no secret that life expectancy depends not only on health, but also on will, tone, goals, and understanding of life. And in the 90s, everything was broken - including health, because alcohol, porn, etc. poured in.
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What's wrong with the Ministry of Health's reports on the increase in life expectancy in Russia
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The constant accelerated increase in life expectancy in Russia has become an important topic in Veronica Skvortsova’s public reports almost from the first days of her work as Minister of Health. This week, the head of the Ministry of Health announced that the country has almost achieved the strategic target of 2024. At the same time, fulfilling the further goal of entering the club of “80+” countries may be in question, experts warn.
Putin's records
The Ministry of Health has long been a source of good news on the topic of demography. Having received the ministerial portfolio in 2012, Veronika Skvortsova announced at the end of 2013 that Russia had achieved natural population growth “for the first time since 1991.” Moreover, it took on a pace that had not been seen for 30 years before, that is, in the last Soviet years, too. At the same time, the country achieved the highest life expectancy for women in its history - 76 years and 6 months. “It’s lower for men, but the movement for the better is happening at a faster pace than before,” Skvortsova noted, speaking at the third congress of the National Medical Chamber in April 2014.
In October 2015, Skvortsova will announce that the life expectancy of Russian men has increased by 7.5 years. The minister said this was a “dramatic jump” and “one of the leading results in the world.” In March 2017, the head of the Ministry of Health will announce another increase in the life expectancy of Russians - by another six months, to an average of 72 years. In February 2018, on the sidelines of the economic forum in Sochi, Skvortsova will report that the figure has managed to grow for almost another year, and for men - even more than a year.
In February 2019, Veronika Skvortsova summed up the results of fifteen years, including the seven that she herself worked in a ministerial post. The average life expectancy of Russians has grown to almost 73 years, and the head of the Ministry of Health again called this rate one of the highest on the planet. At the same time, Skvortsova expressed confidence that over the next 12 years Russia will be able to get into the club of “80+” countries. Finally, this week the minister reported to Vladimir Putin that the life expectancy of women in Russia has reached 78.5 years for the first time. The goal of the national project “Healthcare” is to reach a total life expectancy of 78 years by 2024, the minister recalled.
The indicator that Veronika Skvortsova is accustomed to reporting in a positive manner is the life expectancy (LE) of a person at birth. It is operated not only by our officials, but also by the UN and the World Health Organization, says expert of the Committee of Civil Initiatives (CGI), economist Evgeny Gontmakher. This is a recognized and very important characteristic of the standard of living in the country.
Life expectancy is calculated by demographers based on special mathematical models. It is important that we are not talking about the average age of those who passed away during the reporting calendar year. However, these statistical data are also taken into account when assessing the probability of death of a person at different ages - from infancy to the very old (110 years). As a result, they get an answer to the question of how long a person who has just been born will live. It is clear that this forecast is probabilistic, because there are many factors due to which it may not come true, including disasters, epidemics, wars, and the like.
As Evgeniy Gontmakher notes, and Minister Skvortsova herself admits: the increase in life expectancy in Russia occurred mainly due to another indicator - a decrease in infant mortality.
Having noticeably decreased over last years, he really brought Russia closer to the level of developed countries. Here we must pay tribute: over the past decade and a half, the country has indeed made serious investments in the development of obstetric services, including the construction of federal and regional perinatal centers. And this played a role, given that, along with infant mortality, it was also possible to improve the situation with maternal mortality.
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Where does the growth in indicators come from?
The problem is that now this reserve is almost exhausted, while other age strata or, as demographers call them, age cohorts remain exposed to the risks of premature death. But in this regard, the Ministry of Health and its leadership have nothing special to boast about. A third of Russian men do not live to see 60, reminds Gontmakher. Moreover, there are surprising figures from which it follows: the life expectancy of men who managed to live to 65 years (since 2019 this is the retirement age) is not much higher than it was... in 1897, when in 50 provinces Russian Empire conducted the first census and obtained the first demographic statistics.
Life expectancy at age 65 (in years) *
*Sources: Population of Russia for 100 years (1897-1997), 1998; Demographic Yearbook of Russia, 2017.
**Source: National Research University Higher School of Economics “Demographic context of raising the retirement age”, 2018.
— A separate problem is the mortality rate of middle-aged men - 40-50 years old. In the developed world there is practically no such problem, but here we have an anomaly in this regard. And the reasons for such a high mortality rate at this age, if we do not take into account cases of violent death, are mainly related to health conditions,” notes the KGI expert.
The President pointed out to Skvortsova the deplorable state of primary medical care and demanded that no later than July 1, 2020, she defend a program for its actual restoration. If the developed world is moving towards preventive medicine, then Russians continue to see doctors mainly when something already hurts. But you still need to see a doctor, especially a specialist. This applies not only to medium and small cities, rural areas, but also to million-plus people. Moreover, the prettier Moscow is no exception.
“They’ll adjust it or they’ll quietly forget it”
The problem of reducing mortality among middle-aged and elderly people is connected, however, not only with the quality of medical care. Healthy eating and healthy habits play an important role, but all this, one way or another, depends on the general economic situation and the material well-being of citizens. However, it is difficult to talk about the economic prerequisites for a long life when, even according to official data, the number of those who are forced to put up with incomes below the subsistence level is growing.
That is, according to Evgeniy Gontmakher, they live in poverty, while another 25-30% of the population can be considered simply poor.— Two-thirds of families are struggling to survive; this does not contribute to good health. So you shouldn’t be deluded by the growth that Minister Skvortsova once again announced. Without further systemic action on the part of the state, it may stop, the economist is sure.
The head of the scientific and educational center “Development of Regional Socio-Economic Systems” of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergei Gordeev, is even more skeptical. According to him, the state is extremely stingy in investing in human capital, and those investments that were made did not actually produce the most convincing results on the ground. This also applies to the obstetric system; Gordeev does not agree with the positive assessments.
In conditions when key economic markers are creeping down, there is a high risk that the life expectancy indicator will finally turn into a “crafty figure,” the expert believes. That is, real changes in the social well-being of Russians will be replaced by yet another adjustment of the accounting and statistics system. Or, if the calculations stop making you happy at all, they will quietly forget about the life expectancy.
Average or life expectancy (AL or LE) is an indicator calculated on the basis of statistical studies by VTsIOM and probability theory for a given year. It reveals approximately how long a person born in the year for which the value is calculated will live. With all this, the condition must remain that in the next 110 years the mortality rate and other external factors will remain unchanged.
Here is the paradox of the life expectancy indicator: on the one hand, there is an increase in these figures compared to previous periods, but in other countries they grew much faster. Thus, Russia lags behind not only advanced developed countries, but also rogue countries.
On the eve of the collapse of the USSR, life expectancy in Russia was higher than in post-war years, but still this figure lagged significantly behind developed countries. Women ranked 69th on the global scale (74 years old), and men ranked 105th (64 years old). Today, ladies are in 102nd place (77.6 years), and representatives of the stronger sex are in 143rd place (67.5 years). This is lower than North Korea, which has been isolated for a long time.
In recent years, the SPV has been growing steadily. Data from the Ministry of Health reports indicate that the figure increased by 0.83 compared to the previous year. Thus, the average life expectancy of women in Russia has increased by 0.6, and that of men by 1 year (since 2016).
How is the life expectancy calculated?
Average life expectancy in Russia is calculated using a complex method, based on registry office reports regarding deaths at each age during the year. Initially, the number of deaths per year is calculated, then they are distributed according to age groups from 0 to 110 years. The number of deaths in each category is divided by the average number of the corresponding group for 1 year (it is calculated based on previous years). This is how the average age mortality rates are determined, and then, using complex formulas, the probabilities of death in each age period are calculated, their results are summed up.
At the beginning of the twentieth century there was World War and revolution. At this time, a huge number of citizens of the country died, but the importance of the SJV gradually increased. This was facilitated by the development of medicine, the reduction of child deaths, and the development of antibiotics. If in 1926 men lived an average of 40 years, and women lived 45 years, then, starting from the 50s, the average life age of the Russian population increased to 63 and 72 years, respectively.
The economic crisis that occurred in the early 90s significantly reduced the value of life expectancy, as the birth rate significantly decreased. The mortality rate of young children has also increased. The reason for this was the collapse of the healthcare system.
Only after 1997 did life begin to improve. Scientists explain this by a kind of adaptation to new conditions. Since 2015, the situation in the country can be characterized very favorably: the birth rate has increased, the mortality rate has decreased, and the healthcare system has improved.
Prospects for life expectancy in the Russian Federation: will there be growth dynamics
In 2010, UN representatives carried out their own calculation, according to which life expectancy in Russia by 2035 will be 73.5 years. They also claim that the interval between average female and male life expectancy will shorten. For a male society, this value will still be lower, but the gap will narrow to only 6 years.
WHO even predicts that representatives of highly developed countries will be able to easily cross the 90-year mark in 15-20 years. But Russia was not included in this calculation.
How many years do men and women live on average in Russia?
The value of the TLS never remained at the same level for several years in a row. These fluctuations are influenced by various situations both within the country and abroad.
Interesting Facts:
- after the first national census in 1897 and until the early 90s, the life expectancy of the Russian population more than doubled.
- This is due to the fact that medicine has managed to reduce mortality at a young age (by 80 times in children and 32 times in infants). The maximum rate was observed in 1986-1987. During these years, the average life expectancy of men in Russia was 64.9 years, and for women - 74.6;
An unprecedented amount of controversy was caused by the pension reform announced at the beginning of 2018, according to which the retirement age for women is raised to 63 years, and for men - to 65 years. It will still be considered, improved, etc. for some time, but a start has already been made. The innovation is justified by the fact that the average age in Russia has allegedly become higher. Indeed, Rosstat says that the life expectancy of Russians has increased to 72.7 years. However, do not forget that this figure by default shows the life expectancy of a newborn (a person born in the reference year). Thus, during the period from 1965 to 2015, the average life of a newborn increased very slightly:
| A country | Life expectancy, years | Growth over 50 years from 1965 to 2015. | |
| Men | Women | ||
| Russian Federation | 71,4 | 2,0 | 3,4 |
| USA | 79 | 10,1 | 7,7 |
| Poland | 77 | 7,2 | 8,9 |
| Great Britain | 79,9 | 10,8 | 8,2 |
| France | 81,9 | 11,8 | 10,9 |
| Spain | 82,6 | 11,4 | 11,8 |
| Italy | 83 | 12,8 | 12,0 |
| Japan | 83,11 | 13,3 | 14,3 |
| Hong Kong | 84,23 | 13,7 | 14,63 |
Knowing what the average life expectancy is in the world and in Russia, it is worth moving on to consider the next important indicator. The average value of the future life characterizes the situation more fully. These figures reflect a completely different picture, because the life expectancy rate is increasing mainly due to a decrease in deaths of children and newborns. The table shows Comparative characteristics future life at different ages in different years:
| Coming age, years | 1896 | 1926 | 1958 | 1965 | 1989 | 2016 |
| Men | ||||||
| 0 | 29 | 40 | 63 | 64,55 | 64,23 | 66,55 |
| 60 | 14 | 14,55 | 15,91 | 15,63 | 14,91 | 16,15 |
| 65 | 11,39 | 11,79 | 13 | 12,69 | 11,99 | 13,38 |
| Women | ||||||
| 0 | 31,75 | 45,58 | 71,6 | 73,71 | 74,48 | 77,12 |
| 55 | 17 | 20 | 24,3 | 24,28 | 23,78 | 25,9 |
| 60 | 14,1 | 17 | 20 | 20,12 | 19,8 | 21,68 |
| 65 | 11,68 | 13,89 | 16,29 | 16,29 | 15,7 | 17,8 |
The predicted age of newborns has indeed increased significantly compared to the early 20s, but the same cannot be said for people aged 55-65 years. Thus, a 60-year-old woman will live only a little over a year longer than the mortality rate indicated in the mid-60s.
To raise the average age of people graduating labor activity, it is important to create favorable conditions for their life in general. An example would be countries with the highest LOS scores.
Why Russians are not long-livers
The maximum impact on the value we are considering is the mortality rate. In the Russian Federation it is quite high, which Western European countries have managed to overcome. The following points affecting the indicator also cannot be ignored:
- socio-economic conditions. In cities with little prospects for development, there is a high level of crime, addictions and other factors contributing to self-destruction;
- availability of benefits. Large families, disabled people and other categories of citizens in need must be confident in the future;
- availability of jobs. Unemployment and poverty also acutely affect a person's general condition and health;
- highly developed medicine, accessibility of medical care;
- ecology. A favorable environment directly affects the reduction of manifestations of genetic diseases;
- The fashion for a healthy lifestyle entails increased attention to sports and proper nutrition. This reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and problems associated with excess weight, which are also causes of premature death;
- Abuse of sweets is a direct path to diabetes, which, as doctors say, provokes early aging;
- a favorable psychological environment reduces the criminal background in the country, the number of suicides and criminal acts decreases.
Science does not stand still; humanity has managed to overcome such terrible scourges as anthrax, plague, and brucellosis. Over the past year, not a single death due to these diseases was recorded in Russia. However, many other diseases remain dangerous and ultimately cause human death.
Rosstat data for the past year is impressive:
In order to protect yourself and your loved ones, at least to a small extent, do not forget to take timely rest, undergo annual medical examinations, and refuse bad habits, become a follower proper nutrition. If your profession is dangerous and difficult, if possible, avoid unnecessary risks, because the percentage of fatal injuries at work is quite high.
Table of UOJ by region
According to Rosstat, the highest average life expectancy by region of the country is observed in the Republic of Ingushetia - 80 years (76.5 for men and 83 for women). Next is Moscow (72.9 and 80.3 years), and the Republic of Dagestan is in third place (73.1 and 79.4 years). In the resort region - the city of Sochi and its environs - the population lives somewhat less (64 years old for men and 75.3 for women).
In the Chechen Republic, the smallest difference between ages is observed - 6.09 years. In second place is the Republic of Dagestan - 6.29, in third place is Ingushetia - 6.51. On average, women (due to a simpler life, better health, or a better developed instinct for self-preservation) live 10 years longer than men.
An outside example: what is the secret of longevity of citizens of foreign countries
To influence life in Russia, so that you can pay attention to the experience of other countries where the longest duration can be traced.
The first place in the 2018 ranking among long-living countries is occupied by the administrative region of China - Hong Kong. The average age of representatives of this territory is 84.2 years. Despite the fact that people here experience a clear lack of personal space, they live incomparably long. Scientists are of the opinion that the problem is in the Cantonese diet, which every second resident follows. A special set of tai chi exercises also helps maintain health and clarity of thoughts.
In second place in the world ranking is Japan, the birthplace of cherry blossoms. Living in a colorful country allows Japanese people to reach the age of 83. An interesting fact is that per 100 thousand people there are about 35 old people aged 100 years or more. Centenarians say that the secret of their longevity clearly lies not in their nationality, but in the regular consumption of seaweed, which contains iodine, trace elements and minerals. Also, the Japanese rarely resort to the use of pharmaceutical medications, trusting more in traditional medicine.
The secret of the longevity of the inhabitants of Italy is a mystery today. Although this country is a member of the European Union, it cannot boast of a high level wages, cost of living and pensions, their healthcare also remains at an average level compared to other European countries. However, this does not prevent smiling Italians from living on average about 83 years.
As for the Spaniards, every second resident of the kingdom follows a Mediterranean diet, which includes seafood. The nation is also famous for its good mental health, their lives are calm, which is why the fewest suicides occur here.
The French, who live 81.9 years, are supporters of proper nutrition. In addition, their medical care is at a high level.
Despite the fact that life expectancy in Russia (according to statistical data) continues to grow, much still needs to be done on the path to longevity and a peaceful old age. A happy and peaceful person lives longer, so it is important to think about how to lead the country to shared prosperity and make efforts to achieve this.
Each country consists of a certain number of centenarians and the vast majority of people who die at approximately the same age limits. Statistical indicators regarding life expectancy of residents in different countries the world can answer many questions and understand what needs to be done to improve these indicators. All people strive to live long, and no one wants to die prematurely.
Life expectancy statistics
Every year, the average life expectancy of Russians and representatives of other countries changes, and therefore is not a constant value. This is due to factors influencing statistical indicators.
It is important to live not as long as possible, but as happily as possible!The maximum human lifespan has been determined. According to statistics, the maximum age limit for a person at the moment is 125 years.
Statistics conducted every year reveal not only the factors that influence the overall life expectancy of people. It also shows the level of social development of countries around the world. Using data analysis, the average life expectancy is determined. This allows us to build ways to increase the age of the population.
Factors influencing statistics:
- infant mortality;
- living conditions of class-disparate countries;
- infectious diseases;
- military conflicts;
- hunger;
- level of violence;
- state of medicine;
- ecology;
- epidemics;
- biological processes of population aging at the cellular level.
How long do people live in Russia?
As of 2016, the average life expectancy in Russia is 72.1 years. Women can live up to 77.3 years, according to average statistics. Men live up to 67 years of age.
Table. Dynamics of life expectancy in Russia.
| Total | Urban population | Rural population | |||||||
| Years | Total | Husband. | Women | Total | Husband. | Women | Total | Husband. | Women |
| 1896-1897 | 30,5 | 29,4 | 31,6 | 29,7 | 27,6 | 32,2 | 30,6 | 29,6 | 31,6 |
| 1926-1927 | 42,9 | 40,2 | 45,6 | 43,9 | 40,3 | 47,5 | 42,8 | 40,3 | 45,3 |
| 1961-1962 | 68,7 | 63,7 | 72,3 | 68,6 | 63,8 | 72,4 | 68,6 | 63,4 | 72,3 |
| 1970-1971 | 68,9 | 63,2 | 73,5 | 68,5 | 63,7 | 73,4 | 68,1 | 61,7 | 73,3 |
| 1980-1981 | 67,6 | 61,5 | 73 | 68 | 62,3 | 73,1 | 66 | 59,3 | 72,4 |
| 1990 | 69,1 | 63,7 | 74,3 | 69,5 | 64,3 | 74,3 | 67,9 | 62 | 73,9 |
| 1995 | 64,5 | 58,1 | 71,5 | 64,7 | 58,3 | 71,6 | 63,9 | 57,6 | 71,4 |
| 2000 | 65,3 | 59 | 72,2 | 65,6 | 59,3 | 72,4 | 64,3 | 58,1 | 71,6 |
| 2001 | 65,2 | 58,9 | 72,1 | 65,5 | 59,2 | 72,3 | 64,2 | 58 | 71,5 |
| 2002 | 64,9 | 58,6 | 71,9 | 65,4 | 59 | 72,1 | 63,6 | 57,5 | 71 |
| 2003 | 64,8 | 58,5 | 71,8 | 65,3 | 59 | 72,2 | 63,3 | 57,2 | 70,8 |
| 2004 | 65,3 | 58,9 | 72,3 | 65,8 | 59,4 | 72,7 | 63,7 | 57,5 | 71,2 |
| 2005 | 65,3 | 58,9 | 72,4 | 66,1 | 59,5 | 72,9 | 63,4 | 57,2 | 71 |
| 2006 | 66,6 | 60,4 | 73,3 | 67,4 | 61,1 | 73,8 | 64,7 | 58,6 | 71,8 |
| 2007 | 67,6 | 61,4 | 74 | 68,3 | 62,2 | 74,5 | 65,5 | 59,5 | 72,5 |
| 2008 | 67,9 | 61,9 | 74,2 | 68,7 | 62,6 | 74,8 | 65,9 | 60 | 72,7 |
| 2009 | 68,7 | 62,8 | 74,7 | 69,5 | 63,6 | 75,3 | 66,6 | 60,8 | 73,2 |
| 2010 | 68,9 | 63 | 74,8 | 69,6 | 63,8 | 75,3 | 66,9 | 61,1 | 73,4 |
| 2011 | 69,8 | 64 | 75,6 | 70,5 | 64,6 | 76,1 | 67,9 | 62,4 | 74,2 |
| 2012 | 70,2 | 64,5 | 75,8 | 70,8 | 65,1 | 76,2 | 68,6 | 63,1 | 74,6 |
| 2013 | 70,8 | 65,1 | 76,3 | 71,3 | 65,6 | 76,7 | 69,2 | 63,8 | 75,1 |
| 2014 | 70,9 | 65,3 | 76,5 | 71,5 | 65,8 | 76,9 | 69,4 | 63,9 | 75,3 |
Data: cbsd.gks.ru.
The increase in the average life expectancy of Russians was influenced by various factors. The level of medical care has increased. More and more Russian people began to be vaccinated against dangerous diseases. The use of new generation antibiotics has led to a decrease in overall mortality from dangerous diseases or their consequences. The development of community health programs, instilling a sports spirit and people's interest in a healthy lifestyle have had a significant positive impact.
Average life expectancy in Russia from 1961 to 2015. Today, the Russian Federation has overtaken Nepal, Uzbekistan, Bhutan and Laos. But this fact can hardly be called positive, since previously Russia was in 88th place, and today it is in 129th among countries with the maximum life expectancy.
This drop in positions is due to the growing number of people infected with HIV. Also, the decline in the economy has increased the number of poor Russians. They do not have access to basic health care. They are forced to eat poor quality food. The economic crisis not only reduced the cost of living, but also led to a reduction in pension assistance. This has had a catastrophic impact on the elderly population. Lack of money has led to an increase in the number of people addicted to alcohol.
The situation in the regions of Russia
Optimistic indicators, however, do not reveal an objective picture by region. So what is it like? In the Pskov region, people live up to approximately 66 years. This figure is very far from the general statistical one. There is a trend towards a decrease in the life expectancy of people living in rural areas, villages, and small towns. This is due to a decrease in medical sponsorship in these parts of the country. The economic crisis and corruption have led to a significant reduction in financial support for hospitals and clinics and a reduction in hospital beds. Also, prices for vital medications continue to rise steadily. All this leads to a decrease in lifespan.
It's simple: the poorer the region, the fewer old people live in the city. However, regions where, due to climate, summers are much longer and warmer, show better results. This is due to the ability of people to get vitamins from vegetables grown in their garden beds. Mountain and sea air allow you to stay healthy longer.
Table. Life expectancy at birth by regions of Russia (2016 data).
| № | Subject of Russia | Both sexes | Men | Women |
| 1 | The Republic of Ingushetia | 79,42 | 76,35 | 81,99 |
| 2 | Moscow | 76,7 | 72,77 | 80,38 |
| 3 | The Republic of Dagestan | 75,83 | 72,56 | 78,95 |
| 4 | Saint Petersburg | 74,57 | 69,83 | 78,68 |
| 5 | Kabardino-Balkarian Republic | 74,16 | 69,36 | 78,69 |
| North Caucasus Federal District | 74,11 | 69,86 | 78,1 | |
| 6 | Karachay-Cherkess Republic. | 73,91 | 69,04 | 78,47 |
| 7 | Republic North Ossetia | 73,82 | 68,76 | 78,48 |
| -Alanya | ||||
| 8 | Chechen Republic | 73,06 | 70,01 | 75,99 |
| 9 | Stavropol region | 72,75 | 67,85 | 77,42 |
| 10 | Krasnodar region | 72,28 | 67,2 | 77,23 |
| 11 | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | 72,27 | 67,32 | 77,13 |
| 12 | Belgorod region | 72,25 | 66,9 | 77,48 |
| 13 | Republic of Tatarstan | 72,17 | 66,39 | 77,83 |
| Central Federal District | 72,1 | 66,58 | 77,45 | |
| 14 | Republic of Kalmykia | 72,03 | 67,01 | 77,03 |
| 15 | Republic of Adygea | 72,01 | 66,85 | 77,06 |
| 16 | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 71,92 | 67,02 | 76,86 |
| Southern Federal District | 71,74 | 66,54 | 76,83 | |
| 17 | Penza region | 71,63 | 65,67 | 77,51 |
| 18 | Volgograd region | 71,62 | 66,11 | 77,04 |
| 19 | Tyumen region | 71,5 | 66,14 | 76,84 |
| Northwestern Federal District | 71,42 | 65,86 | 76,73 | |
| 20 | The Republic of Mordovia | 71,38 | 65,2 | 77,66 |
| 21 | Rostov region | 71,3 | 66,13 | 76,37 |
| 22 | Tambov Region | 71,11 | 65,3 | 77,03 |
| 23 | Saratov region | 70,95 | 65,26 | 76,48 |
| 24 | Moscow region | 70,94 | 65,31 | 76,39 |
| Russian Federation | 70,93 | 65,29 | 76,47 | |
| 25 | Voronezh region | 70,82 | 64,67 | 77,12 |
| 26 | Ryazan Oblast | 70,8 | 64,79 | 76,78 |
| 27 | Astrakhan region | 70,76 | 65,53 | 75,97 |
| 28 | Tomsk region | 70,67 | 64,94 | 76,5 |
| 29 | Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 70,65 | 64,72 | 76,21 |
| 30 | Yaroslavl region | 70,64 | 64,15 | 76,92 |
| 31 | Chuvash Republic | 70,62 | 64,46 | 77,02 |
| 32 | Lipetsk region | 70,6 | 64,5 | 76,68 |
| 33 | Kirov region | 70,59 | 64,44 | 76,89 |
| 34 | Ulyanovsk region | 70,37 | 64,52 | 76,2 |
| 35 | Kaliningrad region | 70,28 | 64,82 | 75,58 |
| 36 | Leningrad region | 70,28 | 64,78 | 75,87 |
| 37 | Novosibirsk region | 70,28 | 64,41 | 76,17 |
| 38 | Arhangelsk region | 70,23 | 64,19 | 76,34 |
| Privolzhsky Federal District | 70,2 | 64,17 | 76,26 | |
| Ural Federal Federal District | 70,2 | 64,3 | 76,04 | |
| 39 | Omsk region | 70,13 | 64,1 | 76,13 |
| 40 | Kursk region | 70,11 | 63,79 | 76,56 |
| 41 | Kostroma region | 70,05 | 64,1 | 76 |
| 42 | Udmurt republic | 70,03 | 63,55 | 76,52 |
| 43 | Altai region | 70,01 | 64,33 | 75,72 |
| 44 | Murmansk region | 69,97 | 64,02 | 75,72 |
| 45 | Kaluga region | 69,93 | 63,42 | 76,76 |
| 46 | Ivanovo region | 69,88 | 63,76 | 75,71 |
| 47 | Oryol Region | 69,88 | 63,32 | 76,56 |
| 48 | The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 69,81 | 64,34 | 75,5 |
| 49 | Sverdlovsk region | 69,76 | 63,71 | 75,68 |
| 50 | Republic of Bashkortostan | 69,76 | 63,79 | 75,99 |
| 51 | Vologda Region | 69,74 | 63,66 | 75,93 |
| 52 | Chelyabinsk region | 69,71 | 63,59 | 75,76 |
| 53 | Samara Region | 69,63 | 63,35 | 75,93 |
| 54 | Tula region | 69,63 | 63,6 | 75,57 |
| 55 | Nizhny Novgorod Region | 69,53 | 63,3 | 75,69 |
| 56 | Smolensk region | 69,44 | 63,36 | 75,62 |
| 57 | Bryansk region | 69,42 | 63,04 | 75,99 |
| 58 | Mari El Republic | 69,42 | 62,87 | 76,39 |
| 59 | Republic of Karelia | 69,36 | 62,99 | 75,69 |
| 60 | Vladimir region | 69,25 | 62,9 | 75,58 |
| 61 | Krasnoyarsk region | 69,23 | 63,6 | 74,83 |
| 62 | Komi Republic | 69,05 | 63,05 | 75,12 |
| 63 | Perm region | 69,04 | 63,14 | 74,84 |
| Siberian Federal Federal District | 68,85 | 62,95 | 74,83 | |
| 64 | The Republic of Khakassia | 68,83 | 63,02 | 74,66 |
| 65 | Kurgan region | 68,75 | 62,54 | 75,2 |
| 66 | Primorsky Krai | 68,74 | 63,39 | 74,35 |
| 67 | Orenburg region | 68,73 | 62,78 | 74,87 |
| 68 | The Republic of Buryatia | 68,54 | 62,72 | 74,51 |
| 69 | Tver region | 68,43 | 62,33 | 74,7 |
| 70 | Novgorod region | 68,41 | 62,29 | 74,49 |
| Far Eastern Federal District | 68,21 | 62,68 | 74,05 | |
| 71 | Pskov region | 68,07 | 62,13 | 74,21 |
| 72 | Kamchatka Krai | 68,06 | 62,82 | 73,88 |
| 73 | Khabarovsk region | 68,01 | 62,24 | 73,99 |
| 74 | Sakhalin region | 67,89 | 62,21 | 74,1 |
| 75 | Kemerovo region | 67,8 | 61,64 | 74,06 |
| 76 | Altai Republic | 67,76 | 61,88 | 73,86 |
| 77 | Transbaikal region | 67,38 | 61,68 | 73,41 |
| 78 | Magadan Region | 67,19 | 61,62 | 73,25 |
| 79 | Amur region | 67 | 61,32 | 73,04 |
| 80 | Irkutsk region | 66,87 | 60,53 | 73,36 |
| 81 | Jewish Autonomous Region | 65,2 | 59,49 | 71,35 |
| 82 | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | 62,32 | 58,84 | 66,62 |
| 83 | Tyva Republic | 61,79 | 56,63 | 67,22 |
Data: cbsd.gks.ru.
Rampant alcoholism among residents of rural areas significantly increases mortality at an early age. Lower prices for alcohol and higher prices for food provoke rural residents to take up alcohol. For some, alcohol is cheaper than food. Family alcoholism is on the rise, and public health is declining. Failure to receive timely treatment leads to premature deaths.
Life length statistics in the world
In the world, life expectancy is determined by the same factors as in Russia. It is noticeable that in developed countries the maximum age of people is increasing, refuting the concept of an aging nation as such. The best indicators are shown by Hong Kong and Japan. People live there until they are 84 years old. Singapore shows 83 years old. European countries such as Italy, Switzerland, Spain and France show 83-82 years. Australia, Iceland, Israel, Sweden and Canada have roughly the same numbers. This is due to high technologies in the field of medicine, common culture lifestyle, climate, nutrition and emotional satisfaction of the inhabitants of these countries.
All over the world you can find better indicators of longevity than in Russia. And this is not paradoxical. At the end of the planet there are countries South Africa. In Swaziland, people barely live to be 49 years old.
What was it like in the 18th and 19th centuries?
In the Middle Ages, a person lived up to 30 years, and this was the norm. Medicine has just begun to develop at least somehow. Russians lived the longest. Women lived until they were 30, and men until they were 21. Residents of Scandinavia in the 19th century died at 22 years old.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, our ancestors barely lived to be 30 years old, taking this into account, now everything is not so bad. There were a lot of deaths among children. Many of them did not live to be five years old, and infants often died. There was no obstetrics then, and midwives took care of women in labor. Some women couldn't afford even that. Mid 18th-19th centuries. Today seems like a dark time. People died from flu epidemics, intestinal infections, and the common cold. All medicine in the Middle Ages, by and large, relied on folk remedies treatment.
How to improve performance?
Humanity is constantly wondering how to increase life expectancy, contrary to the theory of human aging. This can be done by improving the economic situation. Also increasing the level of education, instilling personal responsibility for life and health, improving the quality of food, an active lifestyle, improving the general emotional background and programming people for longevity. Take care of your health right now. Perhaps these anti-aging medications can help you.
Conclusion
The average life expectancy of people is a statistic that can answer many questions about how to increase these indicators. It helps to understand what people lack in order to live longer, what needs to be adjusted.
Since 1900, global life expectancy has more than doubled and is approaching 70 years.
Increased life expectancy around the world
Life expectancy has been rising rapidly since the Age of Enlightenment. In poor countries just before modern times, life expectancy was around 30 years in all regions of the world. At the beginning of the 19th century, it began to rise in countries with developed industry, while remaining low in the rest of the world.
This has led to very high unequal health distributions around the world: good health in rich countries and persistently poor health in countries that remain poor. Behind last decades this global inequality has decreased. Countries previously suffering from poor health are rapidly gaining momentum.
Since 1900, the world's average life expectancy has more than doubled and is approaching 70 years. No country in the world has a lower life expectancy than the countries with the highest life expectancy in 1800, writes Oxford University economist and renowned data visualizer Max Roser.
The visualization below spectacularly shows the increase in life expectancy over the past few centuries. For the United Kingdom (which has the longest data timeline), we see that before the 19th century there was no trend in increasing life expectancy and life expectancy fluctuated between 30 and 40 years.
How life expectancy has changed by country over the past 500 years
The period of life expectancy of a newborn is shown - the estimated average number of years that the baby will live if the established patterns do not change during his life.
Over the past 200 years, countries around the world have made impressive progress in healthcare, resulting in increased life expectancy. Thus, in the UK, life expectancy has doubled and now exceeds 80 years. Health began to improve later in Japan, but the country quickly caught up with and surpassed Britain in the late 1960s. IN South Korea health began to improve even later, and the country made even more rapid progress than Britain and Japan. By now, life expectancy in South Korea has surpassed that in the UK.
The chart shows how low life expectancy was in some countries in the past. A hundred years ago, life expectancy in India and South Korea was only 23 years. A century later, life expectancy in India has nearly tripled and in South Korea it has nearly quadrupled.
Using the same visualization you can see dynamics of changes in life expectancy for individual countries (click on CHART, you can also add the country of interest by clicking on Add country). This display shows huge differences between countries: in sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy is less than 50 years, while in Japan it is more than 80 years.
Let us recall that life expectancy is one of the components used to calculate the integral indicator.
Life expectancy has changed around the world
Life expectancy in every region of the world remained fairly stable throughout most of history until the start of the "health transition," a period in which life expectancy began to increase.
The table below shows that the transition to healthcare in different regions was not simultaneous. Oceania saw an increase in life expectancy in 1870, while Africa did not see an increase in life expectancy until 1920.
Estimating life expectancy before and after the “health transition”
Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy
Previous visualizations have shown that life expectancy is increasing around the world. However, life expectancy can be broken down into two components: " healthy life expectancy " And " years lived with disability " This breakdown is shown in the chart below.
Both indicators are rising in most countries. Life expectancy has increased around the world, and in some countries it has increased substantially in recent decades. Improvements in treatment methods and general health care have also increased the average life expectancy with illness and disability. This increase is in most cases less than the increase in healthy life expectancy.
In general, we see that in high-income countries the years of living with disability or disease burden are longer than in low-income countries (about 10–11 years compared to 7–9 years).
Healthy life expectancy
In addition to life expectancy, which is essentially an indicator of mortality, the most important indicator of development is healthy life expectancy for people of this age.
Below are the indicators healthy life expectancy(number of years people have remained in what they consider to be good health) for newly born (0 years) and for 60-year-old people.
Each disease affects the quality of life to varying degrees, introducing different levels burden of disease and having different meanings - disability-adjusted life years.
Healthy life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by country (WHO)
by country (WHO)
Detailed data on average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy on the WHO website (xls; 22.5 MB).
Find a dynamic, interactive map of changes in life expectancy and income by country over 200 years in our material.
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