Everyone is familiar with the Latin saying: “To err is human.” Indeed, on the path of life we ​​are doomed to constantly stumble in order to gain the necessary experience. But people do not always learn lessons even from their own mistakes. Then what can we say about other people’s mistakes? Can they teach us anything?

It seems to me that this question cannot be answered unequivocally. On the one hand, the entire history of mankind is a chronicle of fatal mistakes, without looking back at which it is impossible to move forward. For example, international rules of war, prohibiting brutal methods of combat, were developed and refined after the bloodiest wars... The rules we are familiar with traffic- this is also the result of road mistakes that have claimed the lives of many people in the past. The development of transplantology, which saves thousands of people today, became possible only thanks to the persistence of doctors, as well as the courage of patients who died from complications of the first operations.

On the other hand, does humanity always take into account the mistakes of world history? Of course not. Endless wars and revolutions continue, xenophobia flourishes, despite the convincing lessons of history.

In the life of an individual, I think the situation is the same. Depending on our own level of development and life priorities, each of us either ignores the mistakes of others or takes them into account. Let us remember the nihilist Bazarov from the novel. Turgenev's hero denies authorities, world experience, art, and human feelings. He believes that it is necessary to destroy the social system to the ground, without taking into account the sad experience of the Great French Revolution. It turns out that Evgeniy is not able to learn a lesson from the mistakes of others. I.S. Turgenev warns readers about the results of neglecting universal human values. Despite his strength of character and outstanding mind, Bazarov dies because “nihilism” is a path to nowhere.

But the main character of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” understands perfectly well that in order to save his life, he needs to learn from the mistakes of others. Seeing how quickly prisoners who “lower themselves” for the sake of an extra piece die, Shukhov strives to preserve human dignity. Ivan Denisovich, watching the beggar Fetyukov, whom everyone despises, notes to himself: “He won’t live out his term. He doesn’t know how to pose himself.”. What allows Shukhov to make such a bitter conclusion? Probably observing the mistakes of other camp inmates, like Fetyukov, who became “jackals.”

It turns out that the ability to learn from other people’s mistakes is not common to everyone and not in all life situations. It seems to me that when a person gets older and wiser, he begins to treat the negative experiences of other people with more attention. And younger people tend to develop by making their own mistakes.

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Official comment
Within the scope of the direction it is possible
reasoning about the value of spiritual and
practical experience of individual
individuals, people, humanity as a whole,
about the cost of mistakes on the way to understanding the world,
gaining life experience.
Literature often makes you think
about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about
experience in preventing errors, about
mistakes, without which it is impossible
movement along the path of life, and about
irreparable, tragic mistakes.

Guidelines
“Experience and mistakes” is the direction in which
to a lesser extent it implies a clear
opposition of two polar concepts,
After all, without mistakes there is and cannot be experience.
Literary hero making mistakes,
analyzing them and thereby gaining experience,
changes, improves, takes the path
spiritual and moral development. Giving
assessment of the characters' actions, reader
gains invaluable life experience,
and literature becomes a real textbook
life, helping not to commit your own
mistakes, the cost of which can be very
high.

Speaking of things done by heroes
errors, it should be noted that
wrong decision
an ambiguous act can
influence not only life
individual, but also the most
have a fatal impact on
the destinies of others. In literature we
we meet such tragic
mistakes that affect destinies
entire nations. It is in these aspects
you can approach the analysis of this
thematic direction.

Aphorisms and sayings
famous people
You shouldn't be timid for fear of making mistakes,
the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself
experience.
Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues
You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can do the right thing
there is only one way, that's why the first
easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult
hit the mark.
Aristotle
In all matters we can only learn
by trial and error, falling into error and
correcting himself.
Karl Raymund Popper

Anyone who thinks that
he won't make a mistake if they support him
think others.
Aurelius Markov
We easily forget our mistakes when
they are known only to us alone.
Francois de La Rochefoucauld
Learn from every mistake.
Ludwig Wittgenstein

Shyness may be appropriate
everywhere, but not in the matter of recognition
your mistakes.
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
It is easier to find error than truth.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe
In all matters we can learn
only by trial and error,
falling into error and being corrected.
Karl Raymund Popper

As
support in their
reasoning
Can
refer to
next
works.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".
Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and
admitting to what he has done, does not fully realize
least of all the tragedy of what he committed
crime, does not admit the error of his
theory, he only regrets that he could not transgress,
that he will no longer be able to count himself among
chosen ones. And only in hard labor with my soul
the exhausted hero does not just repent
(he repented, confessing to the murder), and
takes the difficult path of repentance. Writer
emphasizes that a person who recognizes his
mistakes, capable of change, he is worthy
forgiveness and needs help and compassion.

M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
The heroes of such different works commit
a similar fatal mistake, which we regret
I’ll be there all my life, but I’ll fix it already, by
Unfortunately, they won't be able to do anything. Andrey Sokolov,
leaving for the front, he pushes away the woman hugging him
the hero’s wife is irritated by her tears, he gets angry,
believing that she is “burying him alive,” but comes out
everything is the other way around: he returns, and the family
dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him,
and now he blames himself for every little thing and with
with inexpressible pain he says: “Until death,
until my last hour, I will die, and not
I’ll forgive myself for pushing her away then!”

Story by K.G. Paustovsky is a story about
lonely old age. Abandoned by her own daughter
Grandma Katerina writes: “My beloved, this winter will not
I'll survive. Come at least for a day. Let me look at
you, hold your hands." But Nastya calms me down
himself with the words: “If the mother writes, it means she is alive.” Thinking
about strangers, organizing an exhibition of young
sculptor, daughter forgets about her only relative
person. And only after hearing warm words
gratitude “for caring for a person”, heroine
remembers that she has a telegram in her purse:
“Katya is dying. Tikhon." Repentance sets in
too late: “Mom! How could this happen?
After all, I have no one in my life. No and there won't be
dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me,
If only I could forgive you." The daughter arrives, but forgiveness
there is no one to ask anymore. The bitter experience of the main characters
teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “until
it's too late."

M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". in succession
The hero of the novel M.Yu. also makes mistakes in his life.
Lermontov. Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin
belongs to the young people of his era who
disappointed in life.
Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me.
person: one lives in the full sense of the word,
another thinks and judges him." Lermontov's character
– an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find
application of your mind, your knowledge. Pechorin –
cruel and indifferent egoist, because he
causes misfortune to everyone with whom he interacts, and he is not
worries about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky
called him a "suffering egoist" because
Grigory Alexandrovich blames himself for his
actions, he is aware of his actions, experiences and
nothing brings him satisfaction.

Grigory Alexandrovich is very smart and
a reasonable person, he knows how to admit
his mistakes, but wants to teach
others to confess their own, as, for example, he
kept trying to push Grushnitsky to
admitted his guilt and wanted to resolve them
dispute peacefully.
The hero realizes his mistakes, but does nothing
does in order to correct them, his
his own experience teaches him nothing. Despite
that Pechorin has absolute
understanding that it destroys human
life (“destroys the lives of peaceful
smugglers", through his fault Bela dies and
etc.), the hero continues to “play” with destinies
others, making himself unhappy.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If
Lermontov's hero, realizing his
mistakes, couldn't get on the path
spiritual and moral
improvement, then beloved
to Tolstoy's heroes, acquired
experience helps you become better. At
considering the topic in this aspect
you can refer to the analysis
images of A. Bolkonsky and P.
Bezukhova.

M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don" Talking about how
the experience of military battles changes people,
makes you evaluate your life
mistakes, you can turn to the image of Gregory
Melekhova. Fighting now on the side of the whites, now on
side of the Reds, he understands how monstrous
injustice around, and he himself commits
mistakes, gains military experience and makes
the most important conclusions in my life: “...to my
“You have to plow with your hands.” Home, family – that’s the value. A
any ideology that pushes people to kill -
error. Already wise with life experience
a person understands that the main thing in life is not war,
and the son who greets you at the doorstep of the house. Costs
note that the hero admits that he was wrong.
This is precisely the reason for his repeated
throwing from white to red.

M.A. Bulgakov " dog's heart" If we talk
about experience as a “reproduction procedure”
some phenomenon experimental
by creating something new in
certain conditions for the purpose of research",
then the practical experience of the professor
Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of
survival of the pituitary gland, and subsequently about
its influence on the rejuvenation of the body in people"
can hardly be called completely successful.
From a scientific point of view, it is very successful.
Professor Preobrazhensky conducts
unique operation. Scientific result
turned out to be unexpected and impressive, but
in everyday life, it led to the most
disastrous consequences.

After analyzing his mistake, Professor
understands that the dog was much
“more humane” than P.P. Sharikov. So
Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid
Sharikov's hybrid is more of a failure than
victory of Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself
understands this: “Old donkey... Here, doctor, what
it turns out when the researcher, instead of
to walk parallel and groping with nature,
forces the question and lifts the veil: on,
get Sharikov and eat him with porridge.” Philip
Filippovich comes to the conclusion that
violent interference with nature
of man and society leads to
disastrous results.

V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera".
Talking about mistakes, irreparable and
bringing suffering not only to everyone
individual, but also the people in
In general, you can also refer to the indicated
stories by a twentieth-century writer. It is not simple
a work about the loss of a home, but
and how wrong decisions lead to
followed by disasters that
will definitely affect life
society as a whole.

For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the crash,
the collapse of a nation, people, country begins with
family breakdown. And the reason for this is tragic
error that progress
much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye
your home. And not in the hearts of youth
remorse.
Senior wise with life experience
generation does not want to leave their native island
because he cannot appreciate all the benefits
civilization, and above all because for these
conveniences require giving to Matera, that is, betraying
your past. And the suffering of the elderly is the one
an experience that each of us must learn.
A person cannot, should not refuse
their roots.

In discussions on this topic, one can
refer to history and themes
disasters that resulted from
is an “economic” activity
person.
Rasputin's story is not easy
a story about great construction projects, this
tragic experience of previous
generations for our edification, people XXI
century.

SOURCES
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Methodological recommendations for preparing for writing the final essay in 2016/2017
academic year for teachers of Russian language and literature - Stavropol, 2016. - 46 p.
The author of the presentation is a Russian language teacher and literature MBOU Secondary school No. 8, Mozdok, RSO-Alania Pogrebnyak N.M.

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1 Direction “EXPERIENCE AND MISTAKES” Methodological recommendations for preparing for writing the final essay

2 Official comment Within the framework of the direction, it is possible to discuss the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

3 Methodological recommendations “Experience and errors” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is less implied, because without errors there is and cannot be experience. A literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, and takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader gains invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one’s own mistakes, the price of which can be very high.

4 Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that a wrong decision or an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also have the most fatal impact on the destinies of others. In literature we also encounter tragic mistakes that affect the destinies of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.

5 Aphorisms and sayings of famous people You should not be timid for fear of making mistakes; the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can do the right thing only in one way, which is why the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult to hit the target. Aristotle In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raymund Popper

6 He who thinks that he will not make mistakes if others think for him is deeply mistaken. Aurelius Markov We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us. François de La Rochefoucauld Make the most of every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein

7 Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing It is easier to find an error than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raymund Popper

8 As a support in your reasoning, you can refer to the following works.

9 F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to what he had done, does not fully realize the tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not commit the crime, that he will not now be able to classify himself among the chosen ones. And only in hard labor does the soul-weary hero not only repent (he repented by confessing to the murder), but embark on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion.

10 M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The heroes of so many different works make a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, they will not be able to correct anything. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, pushes away his wife hugging him, the hero is irritated by her tears, he gets angry, believing that she is “burying him alive,” but it turns out the other way around: he returns, and the family dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself for pushing her away then!”

11 Story by K.G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Grandmother Katerina, abandoned by her own daughter, writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands.” But Nastya calms herself with the words: “Since her mother writes, it means she’s alive.” Thinking about strangers, organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, the daughter forgets about her only relative. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for caring for a person,” the heroine remembers that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon." Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? After all, I have no one in my life. It is not and will not be dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me, if only she would forgive me.” The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “before it’s too late.”

12 M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". The hero of the novel, M.Yu., also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Lermontov. Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disillusioned with life. Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” Lermontov's character is an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find use for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him a “suffering egoist” because Grigory Aleksandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries and does not bring him satisfaction.

13 Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time wants to teach others to admit theirs, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them; his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding that he destroys human lives (“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers,” Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the destinies of others, which makes himself unhappy .

14 L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If Lermontov's hero, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then Tolstoy's favorite heroes, the acquired experience helps them become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can turn to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov.

15 M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people and forces them to evaluate their mistakes in life, we can turn to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting either on the side of the whites or on the side of the reds, he understands the monstrous injustice around him, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: “my hands need to plow.” Home and family are valuable. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person already wise with life experience understands that the main thing in life is not the war, but the son who greets him at the doorstep. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is precisely the reason for his repeated darting from white to red.

16 M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing a phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research,” then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of the survival of the pituitary gland, and subsequently its influence on rejuvenation organism in humans” can hardly be called completely successful. From a scientific point of view, it is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result was unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most disastrous consequences.

17 Having analyzed his mistake, the professor understands that the dog was much more “humane” than P.P. Sharikov. Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid hybrid Sharikov is more a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: Old donkey... This, doctor, is what happens when a researcher, instead of going parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge. Philip Philipovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results.

18 V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera". When discussing mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but also to the people as a whole, one can turn to the indicated story by a twentieth-century writer. This is not just a work about the loss of one’s home, but also about how wrong decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole.

19 For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family. And the reason for this is the tragic mistake that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people. The older generation, wise from life experience, does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but first of all because for these amenities they demand to give Matera, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is an experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, should not, abandon his roots.

20 In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and the disasters that human “economic” activity entailed. Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is the tragic experience of previous generations as an edification to us, people of the 21st century.

21 SOURCES notebook sheets sch&sa=x&ved=0ahukewjo5t7kkkdpahxkeywkhc7sb- IQ_AUICSgC&biw=1352&bih=601#newwindow=1&tbm=isch&q=%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8D+%D0%B B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0% BE %D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF&imgrc=QhIRugc5LIJ5EM%3A compass NnLSuuXI/AAAAAAAAAGPA/28bVRUfkvKg/s1600/essay-clipart _04a.jpg student of the book Methodological recommendations for preparing to write a final essay in the 2016/2017 academic year for Russian teachers language and literature Stavropol, p. Compiler of the presentation, teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU Secondary School 8, Mozdok, North Ossetia-Alania Pogrebnyak N.M.


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"Experience and mistakes"

Official comment:

Within the framework of the direction, discussions are possible about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

“Experience and errors” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is less implied, because without errors there is and cannot be experience. A literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, and takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader gains invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one’s own mistakes, the price of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that a wrong decision or an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also have the most fatal impact on the destinies of others. In literature we also encounter tragic mistakes that affect the destinies of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.

Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:

You should not be timid for fear of making mistakes; the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues

In all matters, we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves. Karl Raymund Popper

Learn from every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein

Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

It is easier to find error than truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe

List of literature in the field of “Experience and mistakes”

    A. S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter»

    L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”

    F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”

    M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”

    A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”

    I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”

    I. A. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco”

    A. I. Kuprin " Garnet bracelet»

    A. S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”

    Guy de Maupassant "The Necklace"

Materials for literary arguments.

M. Yu. Lermontov novel “Hero of Our Time”

Only after losing Vera did Pechorin realize that he loved her. The worst mistake is not appreciating what you have.

A socialite and relative of Princess Mary, Vera, came to Kislovodsk. Readers learned that Pechorin was once passionately in love with this woman. She also retained a bright feeling for Grigory Alexandrovich in her heart. Vera and Gregory met. And here we saw a different Pechorin: not a cold and angry cynic, but a man of great passions, who had not forgotten anything and felt suffering and pain. After meeting with Vera, who, being a married woman, could not unite with the hero who was in love with her, Pechorin threw himself into the saddle. He galloped over mountains and valleys, greatly exhausting his horse.

On a horse exhausted from fatigue, Pechorin accidentally met Mary and frightened her.

Soon Grushnitsky, with ardent feeling, began to prove to Pechorin that after all his antics he would never be received in the princess’s house. Pechorin argued with his friend, proving the opposite.
Pechorin went to the ball with Princess Ligovskaya. Here he began to behave unusually courteously towards Mary: he danced with her like a wonderful gentleman, protected her from a tipsy officer, and helped her cope with fainting. Mother Mary began to look at Pechorin with different eyes and invited him to her house as a close friend.

Pechorin began to visit the Ligovskys. He became interested in Mary as a woman, but the hero was still attracted to Vera. On one of their rare dates, Vera told Pechorin that she was terminally ill with consumption, so she asked him to spare her reputation. Vera also added that she always understood the soul of Grigory Alexandrovich and accepted him with all his vices.

Pechorin, however, became friends with Mary. The girl admitted to him that she was bored with all the fans, including Grushnitsky. Pechorin, using his charm, out of nothing to do, made the princess fall in love with him. He couldn’t even explain to himself why he needed this: either to have fun, or to annoy Grushnitsky, or perhaps to show Vera that someone needed him too and, thereby, to provoke her jealousy. Gregory got what he wanted: Mary fell in love with him, but at first she hid her feelings.

Meanwhile, Vera began to worry about this novel. On a secret date, she asked Pechorin never to marry Mary and promised him a night meeting in return.

Pechorin began to get bored in the company of both Mary and Vera.

Vera confessed to her husband her feelings for Pechorin. He took her out of town. Pechorin, having learned about Vera’s imminent departure, mounted his horse and tried to catch up with his beloved, realizing that he had no one more dear to her in the world. He drove a horse that died before his eyes.

A. S. Pushkin novel “Eugene Onegin”

People tend to do rash things. Eugene Onegin rejected Tatyana, who was in love with him, which he regretted, but it was too late. Mistakes are thoughtless actions.

Evgeny lived an idle life, walking along the boulevard during the day, and in the evening visiting luxurious salons where he was invited famous people St. Petersburg. The author emphasizes that Onegin, “fearing jealous condemnation,” was very careful about his appearance, so he could spend three hours in front of the mirror, bringing his image to perfection. Evgeniy returned from the balls in the morning, when the rest of the residents of St. Petersburg were rushing to work. By noon the young man woke up and again

“Until the morning his life is ready,
Monotonous and colorful."

However, is Onegin happy?

“No: his feelings cooled down early;
He was tired of the noise of the world.”

Evgeniy withdraws from society, locks himself at home and tries to write on his own, but the young man does not succeed, since “he was sick of persistent work.” After this, the hero begins to read a lot, but realizes that literature will not save him: “like women, he left books.” Evgeny, from a sociable, secular person, becomes a reserved young man, prone to “caustic argument” and “joking with bile in half.”

Evgeniy lived in a picturesque village, his house was located by the river, surrounded by a garden. Wanting to somehow entertain himself, Onegin decided to introduce new orders in his domains: he replaced corvee with “light rent.” Because of this, the neighbors began to treat the hero with caution, believing “that he is a most dangerous eccentric.” At the same time, Evgeny himself avoided his neighbors, avoiding getting to know them in every possible way.

At the same time, the young landowner Vladimir Lensky returned from Germany to one of the nearest villages. Vladimir was a romantic person. However, among rural residents Special attention Lensky was attracted by the figure of Onegin and Vladimir and Evgeniy gradually became friends.

Tatiana:

“Wild, sad, silent,
Like a forest deer, fearful.”

Onegin asks if he can see Lensky's beloved and his friend invites him to go to the Larins.

Returning from the Larins, Onegin tells Vladimir that he was pleased to meet them, but his attention was more attracted not by Olga, who “has no life in her features,” but by her sister Tatyana, “who is sad and silent, like Svetlana.” Onegin's appearance at the Larins' house caused gossip that perhaps Tatiana and Evgeniy were already engaged. Tatyana realizes that she has fallen in love with Onegin. The girl begins to see Evgeniy in the heroes of the novels, to dream about the young man, walking in the “silence of the forests” with books about love.

Evgeny, who even in his youth was disappointed with relationships with women, was touched by Tatyana’s letter, and that is why he did not want to deceive the gullible, innocent girl.

Having met Tatyana in the garden, Evgeniy spoke first. The young man said that he was very touched by her sincerity, so he wants to “repay” the girl with his “confession.” Onegin tells Tatyana that if a “pleasant lot had commanded” him to become a father and husband, he would not have looked for another bride, choosing Tatyana as his “girlfriend of days.”<…>sad." However, Eugene “was not created for bliss.” Onegin says that he loves Tatyana like a brother and at the end of his “confession” turns into a sermon to the girl:

“Learn to control yourself;
Not everyone will understand you like I do;
Inexperience leads to disaster."

After the duel with Lensky, Onegin leaves

The narrator again meets the now 26-year-old Onegin at one of the social events.

At the evening, a lady appears with a general, who attracts everyone's attention from the public. This woman looked “quiet” and “simple.” Evgeny recognizes Tatyana as a socialite. Asking a friend of the prince who this woman is, Onegin learns that she is the wife of this prince and indeed Tatyana Larina. When the prince brings Onegin to the woman, Tatiana does not show her excitement at all, while Eugene is speechless. Onegin cannot believe that this is the same girl who once wrote him a letter.

In the morning, Evgeniy receives an invitation from Prince N., Tatiana’s wife. Onegin, alarmed by memories, eagerly goes to visit, but the “stately”, “careless Lawgiver of the hall” does not seem to notice him. Unable to bear it, Evgeniy writes a letter to the woman in which he confesses his love to her.

One spring day, Onegin goes to Tatyana without an invitation. Eugene finds a woman crying bitterly over his letter. The man falls at her feet. Tatyana asks him to stand up and reminds Evgenia how in the garden, in the alley she humbly listened to his lesson, now it’s her turn. She tells Onegin that she was in love with him then, but found only severity in his heart, although she does not blame him, considering the man’s act noble. The woman understands that now she is in many ways interesting to Eugene precisely because she has become a prominent socialite. In parting, Tatyana says:

“I love you (why lie?),
But I was given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever"

And he leaves. Evgeny is “as if struck by thunder” by Tatiana’s words.

“But a sudden ringing sound rang out,
And Tatyana’s husband showed up,
And here is my hero,
In a moment that is evil for him,
Reader, we will now leave,
For a long time... forever...”

I. S. Turgenev novel “Fathers and Sons”

Evgeny Bazarov - the path from nihilism to acceptance of the diversity of the world.

Nihilist, a person who does not take principles for granted.u.

Hearing Nikolai Kirsanov play the cello, Bazarov laughs, which causes Arkady's disapproval. Denies art.

An unpleasant conversation took place during evening tea. By calling one landowner a “rubbish aristocrat,” Bazarov displeased the elder Kirsanov, who began to argue that by following principles, a person benefits society. Eugene responded by accusing him of living meaninglessly, like other aristocrats. Pavel Petrovich objected that the nihilists, with their denial, are only aggravating the situation in Russia.

Friends come to visit Odintsova. The meeting made an impression on Bazarov and he, unexpectedly, became embarrassed.

Bazarov behaved differently than always, which greatly surprised his friend. He talked a lot, talked about medicine and botany. Anna Sergeevna willingly supported the conversation, as she understood the sciences. She treated Arkady like a younger brother. At the end of the conversation, she invited the young people to her estate.

While living on the estate, Bazarov began to change. He fell in love, despite the fact that he considered this feeling a romantic billbird. He could not turn away from her and imagined her in his arms. The feeling was mutual, but they did not want to open up to each other.

Bazarov meets his father’s manager, who says that his parents are waiting for him, they are worried. Evgeniy announces his departure. In the evening, a conversation takes place between Bazar and Anna Sergeevna, where they try to understand what each of them dreams of getting from life.

Bazarov confesses his love to Odintsova. In response, he hears: “You didn’t understand me,” and feels extremely awkward. Anna Sergeevna believes that without Evgeny she will be calmer and does not accept his confession. Bazarov decides to leave

They were received well in the house of the elder Bazarovs. The parents were very happy, but knowing that their son did not approve of such a manifestation of feelings, they tried to remain more restrained. During lunch, the father talked about how he runs the household, and the mother just looked at her son.

Bazarov spent very little time at his parents’ house, as he was bored. He believed that with their attention they were interfering with his work. There was an argument between friends that almost escalated into a quarrel. Arkady tried to prove that it was impossible to live like this, Bazarov did not agree with his opinion.

Parents, having learned about Evgeniy’s decision to leave, were very upset, but tried not to show their feelings, especially his father. He reassured his son that if he had to leave, then he had to do it. After leaving, the parents were left alone and were very worried that their son had abandoned them.

On the way, Arkady decided to take a detour to Nikolskoye. Friends were greeted very coldly. Anna Sergeevna did not come down for a long time, and when she appeared, she had a dissatisfied expression on her face and from her speech it was clear that they were not welcome.

Having met with Odintsova, Bazarov admits his mistakes. They tell each other that they want to remain just friends.

Arkady confesses his love to Katya, asks for her hand in marriage and she agrees to become his wife. Bazarov says goodbye to his friend, angrily accusing him of being unsuitable for decisive matters. Evgeniy goes to his parents' estate.

Living in his parents' house, Bazarov does not know what to do. Then he begins to help his father, treating the sick. While opening up a peasant who died of typhus, he accidentally injures himself and becomes infected with typhus. A fever begins, he asks to send for Odintsova. Anna Sergeevna arrives and sees a completely different person. Before his death, Evgeniy tells her about his real feelings, and then dies.

Eugene rejected the love of his parents, rejected his friend, denied feelings. And only on the verge of death was he able to understand that he had chosen the wrong behavior in his life. We cannot deny what we cannot explain. Life is multifaceted.

I. A. Bunin story “Mr. from San Francisco”

Is it possible to gain experience without making mistakes? In childhood and adolescence, our parents protect us and advise us on problematic issues. This largely protects us from mistakes, helps us form character, and gain only useful experience in this life, although not everything always works out well. But the real essence We understand life when we independently take the wing. A more meaningful view of what is happening and a sense of responsibility make big changes in our lives. An adult makes decisions independently, is responsible for himself, understands from his own experience what life is, and looks for his own path through trial and error. You can understand the true essence of the problem only by experiencing it yourself, but it is unknown what trials and difficulties this will bring, and how a person will be able to cope with it.

In Ivan Alekseevich Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco,” the main character does not have a name. We understand that the author puts deep meaning into his work. The hero image refers to people who make the mistake of postponing their lives for later. A gentleman from San Francisco devoted his whole life to work, he wanted to save enough money, become rich, and then start living. All the experience that the main character gained was related to his work. He paid no attention to his family, friends, or himself. I could tell he wasn't paying attention to life, he wasn't enjoying it. Going on a trip with his family, the gentleman from San Francisco thought that his time was just beginning, but as it turned out, that’s where it ended. His main mistake was that he put his life on hold for later, devoting himself only to work, and long years I acquired nothing but wealth. Main character I didn’t put my soul into my own child, I didn’t give love and I didn’t receive it myself. All he achieved was financial success, but during his lifetime he never learned the most important thing.

The experience of the main character would become invaluable if others learned from his mistakes, but, unfortunately, this does not happen. Many people continue to put off their lives for a later date that may not come. And the price for such an experience will be a one and only life.

A. I. Kuprin story “Garnet Bracelet”

On her name day, September 17, Vera Nikolaevna was expecting guests. My husband left on business in the morning and had to bring guests for dinner.

Vera Nikolaevna, whose love for her husband had long been reborn into “a feeling of lasting, faithful, true friendship,” supported him as best she could, saved, and denied herself many things.

After dinner, everyone except Vera sat down to play poker. She was about to go out onto the terrace when the maid called her. On the table in the office where both women entered, the servant laid out a small package tied with a ribbon and explained that a messenger had brought it with a request to hand it over personally to Vera Nikolaevna.

Vera found a gold bracelet and a note in the package. First she began to look at the decoration. At the center of the low-grade gold bracelet were several magnificent garnets, each about the size of a pea. Examining the stones, the birthday girl turned the bracelet, and the stones flashed like “lovely deep red living lights.” With alarm, Vera realized that these lights looked like blood.

He congratulated Vera on Angel Day and asked her not to hold a grudge against him for the fact that several years ago he dared to write letters to her and expect an answer. He asked to accept a bracelet as a gift, the stones of which belonged to his great-grandmother. From her silver bracelet, he exactly repeated the arrangement, transferred the stones to the gold one and drew Vera’s attention to the fact that no one had ever worn the bracelet. He wrote: “however, I believe that in the whole world there is not a treasure worthy to adorn you” and admitted that all that now remains in him is “only reverence, eternal admiration and slavish devotion”, an every-minute desire for happiness to Faith and joy if she's happy.

Vera was wondering whether she should show the gift to her husband.

On the way to the carriage waiting for the general, Anosov talked with Vera and Anna about something he had never seen in his life true love. According to him, “love must be a tragedy. The greatest secret in the world."

The general asked Vera what was true in the story told by her husband. And she gladly shared with him: “some madman” pursued her with his love and sent letters even before marriage. The princess also told about the parcel with the letter. In thought, the general noted that it was quite possible that Vera’s life was crossed by the “single, all-forgiving, ready for anything, modest and selfless” love that any woman dreams of.

Shein and Mirza-Bulat-Tuganovsky, Vera’s husband and brother, paid a visit to her admirer. He turned out to be the official Zheltkov, a man of about thirty to thirty-five.Nikolai immediately explained to him the reason for coming - with his gift he had crossed the line of patience of Vera’s loved ones. Zheltkov immediately agreed that he was to blame for the persecution of the princess. Zheltkov asked permission to write his last letter to Vera and promised that visitors would not hear or see him again. At Vera Nikolaevna’s request, he stops “this story” “as soon as possible.”

In the evening, the prince conveyed to his wife the details of his visit to Zheltkov. She was not surprised by what she heard, but was slightly worried: the princess felt that “this man would kill himself.”

The next morning, Vera learned from the newspapers that due to the waste of public money, the official Zheltkov committed suicide. All day Sheina thought about the “unknown man” whom she never had to see, not understanding why she foresaw the tragic outcome of his life. She also remembered Anosov’s words about true love, perhaps meeting her on the way.

The postman brought Zheltkov’s farewell letter. He admitted that he regards his love for Vera as a great happiness, that his whole life lies only in the princess. He asked to forgive him for having “cut into Vera’s life like an uncomfortable wedge,” thanked her simply for the fact that she lived in the world, and said goodbye forever. “I tested myself - this is not a disease, not a manic idea - this is love with which God wanted to reward me for something. As I leave, I say in delight: “Hallowed be Thy name,” he wrote.

After reading the message, Vera told her husband that she would like to go and see the man who loved her. The prince supported this decision.

Vera found an apartment that Zheltkov was renting. The landlady came out to meet her and they started talking. At the request of the princess, the woman told about last days Zheltkova, then Vera went into the room where he was lying. The expression on the deceased’s face was so peaceful, as if this man “before parting with life had learned some deep and sweet secret that resolved his entire human life.”

At parting, the owner of the apartment told Vera that if he suddenly died and a woman came to say goodbye to him, Zheltkov asked him to tell her that best work Beethoven - he wrote down its title - “L. van Beethoven. Son. No. 2, op. 2. Largo Appassionato.”

Vera began to cry, explaining her tears with the painful “impression of death.”

Vera made the main mistake in her life, she missed out on sincere and strong love, which is very rare.

  • Material for
  • preparation
  • for the final essay
  • thematic area
  • “Experience and mistakes”
  • Author of the work:
  • Russian language teacher and literature MAOU"Volodarskaya Secondary School"
  • Sadchikova Yu.N.
  • "Experience and mistakes"
  • Within the framework of this direction, it is possible to reason about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, reasoning about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience.
  • Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.
  • Interpretation of concepts
  • Experience is, first of all, the totality of everything that happens to a person in his life and that he is aware of;
  • a person can have experience about himself, about his gifts, abilities, about his virtues and vices...
  • Experience is the unity of knowledge and skills (abilities) acquired in the process of direct experiences, impressions, observations, practical actions, as opposed to knowledge...
  • Errors - incorrectness in actions, deeds, statements, thoughts, inaccuracy.
  • Experience is the teacher of everything. Yu Caesar
  • Experience is a school where lessons are expensive, but it is the only school where you can learn. B. Franklin
  • When the eyes say one thing and the tongue says another, an experienced person believes the former more. W. Emerson Knowledge that is not born of experience, the mother of all certainty, is sterile and full of errors. Leonardo da Vinci
  • Whoever, having rejected experience, manages his affairs, will see many insults in the future. Saadi
  • Statements about experience and mistakes
  • Inexperience leads to trouble. A. S. Pushkin
  • The best proof of all is experience.
  • F. Bacon
  • Our true teachers are experience and feeling. J. –J. Rousseau
  • Experience, in any case, charges more for teaching, but he teaches better than all teachers. Carlyle
  • Simplicity is what is most difficult in the world; this is the extreme limit of experience and the last effort of genius. J. Sand
  • Experience too often teaches us that people have less control over anything than over their tongue.
  • Although they beat us for a mistake, they don’t knock us down.
  • Those who do not repent of their mistakes make more mistakes.
  • Your foot will stumble and your head will get hurt.
  • The mistake starts small.
  • Mistake teaches people wisdom.
  • Proverbs and sayings about experience and mistakes
  • The fear of mistakes is more dangerous than the mistake itself.
  • I made a mistake that I hurt myself - science goes ahead.
  • Those who do not repent of their mistakes make more mistakes. A mistake is a smile for the young, a bitter tear for the old. Your foot will stumble and your head will get hurt.
  • The mistake starts small.
  • Mistake teaches people wisdom.
  • I sat in a puddle, despite the cold.
  • He who does nothing makes no mistakes.
  • An error drives upon an error and drives on an error.
  • Proverbs and sayings about experience and mistakes
  • Some learn from the experiences of others, and others from their mistakes. Bengal
  • Long experience enriches the mind. Arabic
  • Long experience is more valuable than a tortoise shell. Japanese
  • One gained experience is more important than seven wise teachings. Tajik
  • Only experience creates a true master. Indian
  • It's better to let an experienced wolf eat than an inexperienced one. Armenian
  • Inexperience is not a reproach for a young man. Russian
  • He ate bread from seven ovens (i.e. experienced). Russian
  • Sample essay topics
  • A person learns from mistakes.
  • Does a person have the right to make mistakes?
  • Why do you need to analyze your mistakes?
  • Do you agree that mistakes are a key component of life experience?
  • How do you understand the saying “living life is not a field to cross”?
  • What kind of life can be considered not lived in vain?
  • “And experience, the son of difficult mistakes...” (A. S. Pushkin)
  • One gained experience is more important than seven wise teachings
  • Recommended works
  • A. S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Eugene Onegin”
  • M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”
  • A. I. Goncharov “Oblomov”
  • I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”
  • L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
  • M. A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”
  • DI. Fonvizin “Sincere confession of my deeds and thoughts”
  • Charles Dickens "A Christmas Carol"
  • V.A. Kaverin “Open Book”
  • Entry option
  • They say that a smart person learns from the mistakes of others, and a stupid person learns from his own. And indeed it is. Why make the same mistakes and get into the same unpleasant situations that your loved ones or friends have already been in? But to prevent this from happening, you really need to be reasonable person and realize that no matter how smart you are, the most valuable experience for you in any case is the experience of other people who have life path longer than yours. You have to be smart enough not to get into trouble, and then not rack your brains about how to get out of this mess. But those who consider themselves an unsurpassed expert on life and do not think about their actions and their future most often learn from their own mistakes.
  • Entry option
  • All our lives we try to achieve the desired goals, although we often make mistakes. People endure all these difficulties in different ways: some become depressed, others try to start over, and many set new goals for themselves, given the sad experience in achieving previous ones. In my opinion, that's the whole point. human life. Life is an eternal search for oneself, a constant struggle for one’s purpose. And if “wounds” and “abrasions” appear in this struggle, then this is not a reason for despondency. Because these are your own mistakes, which you have the right to make. There will be something to remember in the future, when the desired is achieved, the “wounds” heal and you even become a little sad that all this is already behind.