The everyday life of the Don Cossacks in the 18th century was interesting and unique. The culture of the Cossacks is full of bright personalities, highly spiritual and moral. Education takes place within the framework of moral and ethical principles, patriotism, and focus on family values.


Traditions and holidays All Cossack traditions are based on the main principle of the Cossack worldview. “You need to be born a Cossack!” This attitude gave the Cossack special pride in the identity of his people and was a reflection of his national consciousness and high culture. For a Cossack, the Cossack state of “spirit” has always played an important role. It was this “Cossack spirit” that reflected both the way of thinking and the norm of life. Anyone who dedicated service to high Christian values ​​and virtues could cultivate the Cossack spirit!


Traditions and holidays “You need to become a Cossack!” a principle emphasizing that there is a certain moral ideal to which everyone who descends from the Cossacks should strive. This postulate also entailed the legal norms that exist in Cossack society. A non-Cossack could become a Cossack in the Cossack circle by undergoing initiation, but at the same time he could remain a Kalmyk, Tatar or Buryat.


Traditions and holidays “You have to be a Cossack!” This emphasized the most important thing in understanding the life of the Cossacks. And they saw and see their main purpose today in constant service. As mentioned above, a non-resident could become a Cossack, but only his grandson became a full-fledged one, provided that he lived among the Cossacks all the time and married a real Cossack woman. Nonresident women could become Cossacks only through marriage. Children born in marriages with non-residents were called “blisters” and had to undergo the rite of passage into the Cossacks at 3 (5 or 7 years old).


Traditions of raising a Cossack The Cossacks believed that the parents of the unborn child should not swear (so as not to cause trouble), swear among themselves (so that the Cossack would not be born a woman), or fight (so that the child would not be born frail and cowardly). Happiness entered the house with the birth of a son. On the third day after birth, guests (relatives of the baby on both sides) brought gifts: an arrow for a good tooth (so that he could independently solve all tasks and problems correctly); a cartridge with gunpowder (so that everything goes well for him); bow (to become a good warrior - a real Cossack). Parents were not allowed to cry over the baby (so that he would live a long and noble life).


Traditions of raising a Cossack The Don Cossacks always tried to baptize the baby early. The baby was baptized God-parents and the grandmother who delivered the baby. If the baby was noisy from birth, a mallet (wolves that scare him) was placed under his head. When the baby's first tooth appeared, he was placed on a beautiful scarf (to become a hero). In order for a boy to grow into a real Cossack, he was repeatedly placed on a horse in infancy (a ritual of “raising by Heaven”), put on a horse, and taught horse riding and accurate shooting from a weapon. Boys were taught to listen and imitate the language of birds and animals. With the help of this language, the Cossack had to be able to convey to his own information about the number and location of enemy troops.


Traditions of raising a Cossack The boy had his head shaved twice: at one year and at seven (he became a man). From this age he was denied sweets and he went to sleep from his mother’s room to his brothers’ or father’s room. At the age of 7, 10 and 17, the Cossacks publicly demonstrated their military skills. During these years, boys were given hats and weapons. From the age of 17, Cossacks underwent special military training, took part in exercises, and from the age of 21, being adults, they already fought.


Teaching children Little children lived in this atmosphere, listening to stories about military battles. Therefore, often the first word children said was not the usual “mom” or “dad,” but “chu,” meaning riding a horse, or “pu,” meaning shooting. Children, literally from the age of three, knew how to ride around the yard, and after a couple of years they were boldly and deftly riding around the city, while father and mother joyfully watched this picture.


Rite of Acceptance into the Cossacks This ceremony was performed by any non-resident (or child) who passed an exam on knowledge of Cossack customs, prayers, and the ability to wield weapons. The recipient got down on one knee, kissed the half-exposed blade of the checker, then the Gospel and the Cross, after which he was given a Cossack cap. And from that moment on, he was considered a Cossack by root, that is, by origin.


What could a 14 year old child do? He was a masterly horseman, cutting down vines with a saber. A couple of years later, at 16, the boys took part in military parades and won. The time had come to buy a horse and a real Cossack uniform. And at the age of 19, Cossack service to the fatherland began. The parents saw off the brave and brave warrior, not knowing whether they would see him again or not. It was for this reason that soldiers were sent to service on a festive scale, and were welcomed home with the same grandeur after service.


Traditional entertainment and fun Fairs and festivities Don fairs became the place for the first festivities of the Cossacks. The first fair was organized by Ataman M.I. Platov in 1802. The fair became not only a place of trade, but also a place of games and festivities. On the closing day of the fair, horse races were held, and the winners were awarded silver cups, glasses, harnesses, saddles and fabrics. In the evening, the Cossacks saw the first fireworks. In the evenings, the fair was illuminated by barrels of burning resin.


Traditions of raising a daughter The birth of a girl was not celebrated as widely as the birth of a boy. The celebration was quiet, homely. From birth, the girl was raised to be feminine and economical. From an early age she was taught that the most important thing in life is a calm soul and a pure heart, that woman's happiness consists of a strong family, prosperity and children. When delivering babies, mother-nannies “washed away worries and illnesses from their daughters” with songs and wishes.


Traditions of raising a daughter According to the custom of the Don Cossacks, in order for the daughter’s life to be sweet, the father ate salted, peppered porridge, sprinkled with mustard, specially prepared for him. And he had to eat it without wincing, without tears, with the words: “So that my dear daughter gets less!” When the girl took the first step, she was given the first bow (ribbons), comb and scarf (to go to church). Since childhood, the girls helped their mother around the house: cleaning, babysitting the younger ones, herding goats and chasing poultry to the lake.


Traditions of raising a daughter When a girl reached maturity and became a girl, her grandfather bought her a silver ring and gave it to her with the words: “You are not a child now, but a young lady, and you must behave decently.” From birth, the parents collected a dowry for their daughter, and from the moment of the “conspiracy,” she and her friends prepared it herself.


Traditions of raising a daughter In the 19th century, Cossacks received the right to visit girls for tea. A young man could put his cap or papakha upside down, and if the girl turned it upside down, then the young man received the right to send matchmakers. If the cap was put on the hanger by the girl’s hands, there could be no question of matchmaking.


Fair and festivities Later, fairs were timed to coincide with the patronal holidays of the villages. So in the village of Starocherkasskaya the fair was held on the holiday of Elijah the Prophet on August 2. On this day, ships with passengers and orchestras on board sailed from Rostov and Azov to Starocherkassk. 8-10 thousand people came to this fair in the village. Here you could buy breeding animals, good poultry and fish, fruits and berries, and overseas sweets cheaply. A samovar was puffing in every yard. The Cossacks visited each other. The village was walking in the evenings. During the fair, carousels and swings were always installed, and performances by circus and theater groups took place.


Family holidays The first place among the family holidays of the Don Cossacks is occupied by wedding holidays. It is no coincidence that people have the expression “wedding party,” for this holiday includes a whole cycle of festive festivities: bridesmaids, matchmaking, hand-waving, collusion, “pillows” (transferring the bride’s dowry to the groom’s house and youth gatherings) and the wedding itself.

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“Love Kuban, study its past, create its future!” -

A.N. Tkachev. Governor of the Krasnodar Territory

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Cossack Map

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The Rus are a “caste” of managers and warriors. This is the Cossacks, so the entire elite of the Rus are Cossacks. Moreover, this concept is more than ten thousand years old! Moreover, they considered military craft to be the main thing. The Arabs describe them as harsh, fierce and skilled fighters. Being extremely warlike, the Rus taught their children to use the sword literally from the first days of their lives. The father put a sword in the cradle of a newly born child and said: “I will not leave you any property as an inheritance, and you have nothing except what you acquire with this sword” (Ibn Ruste). Al-Marwazi wrote about the Rus: “Their bravery and courage are well known, so much so that one of them is equal to many of the other nations.”

Panzernik (Knight)Painting by Jozef Brandt from the series “Cossacks and the Life of the Sich”

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ArcheryPainting by Jozef Brandt

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According to standards Fight with the Swedes

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Attack of the Virgin Mary

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On the Turkish front

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Turkish banners captured in Erzurum on the Caucasian front

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Fight for the flag On horseback

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For a Cossack, the campaign is not a burden and earning bread is not a burden, but a joy

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In February 1792, a deputation from the Cossacks headed by military judge Anton Golovaty went to St. Petersburg with a request for a decision to move to the lands of the Kuban. On June 30, 1792, Catherine II signed a document granting the Black Sea Cossack army “Eternal Possession” of the right bank of the river. Kuban. The duties of the army were to “vigil and guard the border.”

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We thank the Empress and pray to God that she showed us the way to Taman.

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Monument to the first Cossacks who landed at Taman under the command of Colonel Savva Bely on August 25, 1792. Built in 1911 by their grateful descendants, the Kuban Cossacks of the Taman stanitsa society (Taman) Monument to the Kuban Cossacks, erected in the spring of 2005 in front of the regional administration building (Krasnodar, Krasnaya St.)

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(Military Council in the name of the Resurrection of the Lord). Consecrated in 1802. Dismantled in 1876-1879. due to disrepair. From the first engraving half of the 19th century V. Kuban historian I.D. Popko (1858): “The huts stand in such positions as if they were commanded “at ease, guys”: they stand with their faces, backs, and sides facing the street. Most of them hide in the depths of the yard, as one can guess, from the consciousness of their ugly and poor appearance. The huts and courtyards are kept clean; rubbish is thrown into the streets, where it lies until the puddles swallow it up.”

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The army of Zaporozhye Cossacks, which operated on the border territory beyond the Dnieper rapids, can really be called a special forces detachment, and the Zaporozhye warrior can be called the modern term “special forces”. Life in the conditions of the wild steppe and the floodplain wilds of the Great Meadow (as the floodplains in the lower reaches of the Dnieper were previously called) developed in the Cossacks special skills and techniques for conducting reconnaissance operations, offensive and defensive battles, made them real seasoned trackers, whose experience of surviving in extreme natural conditions(obtaining and preparing food, protection from bad weather, wild animals) is very valuable for us today

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COSSACK CLOTHING

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The Kuban Cossacks explain the forelock on the left side of their cap this way: on the right there is an angel - there is order, and on the left the devil is twisting - so the Cossack comes out!

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Father in a family of Kuban Cossacks

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In the photo of 1915 (dated September 19) Cossacks of the village of Staromyshastovskaya (from left in order): clerk Nazariy Zakharovich Orda, Cossacks - Matvey Romanovich Kovalenko and Grigory Gordeevich Chaplyun. They served in the 1st World War in the special 17th Cossack

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Kuban family

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Kuban family

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Seeing off the Cossack for service

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Conversation at the Well

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Cossack wedding

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Cossack wedding

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    Newlyweds

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    If a Cossack was born into the family, then the main burden fell on the godfather - he made a warrior out of the Cossack. The main task of the godmother in this case was to form in the Cossack an attitude towards the Cossack girl as a wife, mother and mistress.

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    The modern socio-historical situation has made it possible to revive and popularize in the country the unique sports and means of training Cossacks. Therefore, it seems a responsible task to create modern system physical education and sports work with the Cossack population. Dzhigitovka acts here as a necessary link in the integral system of physical education of the Kuban Cossacks.

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    The first schools in the villages of the Kuban Cossack army appeared in the first third of the 19th century. Before this, literacy centers were church parishes, where local priests provided instruction. The school curriculum included the following subjects: the law of God, penmanship, grammar, arithmetic and Russian history. Schools were opened in many villages, but in terms of the number of students they were small, and not all village children studied in them.

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    Before the Russian troops stormed Paris in March 1814, the entire French capital was papered, by order of the emperor, with colorful popular prints depicting Cossacks. On cartoon popular prints they were shown not only lying between dirty puddles or setting houses on fire, but also having a demonic appearance. From popular prints, ugly, grimy creatures with necklaces made of human ears and heads looked at the Parisians - sheer devils. Is it any wonder that the Cossacks entering Paris were greeted by crowds of curious townspeople. To their utter amazement, instead of monsters, they saw attractive, stately riders with impeccable bearing. According to famous writer Victor Hugo, the Cossacks were meek and polite, they did not dare to touch anything in Paris. Napoleon's ridiculous "discovery" was publicly exposed.

    However, after the defeat of Napoleonic troops in Russia, notes of irritation and anger at their offenders began to dominate in the emperor’s thoughts about the Cossacks. Some derogatory comparisons have emerged to express this dissatisfaction. “Give me a regiment of Cossacks alone, and I will go with them all over Europe.” Napoleon Bonaparte.

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    Equestrian Cossack on a Parisian street Watercolor by G.-E Opitsa, 1814 Cossacks at the market Watercolor by G.-E Opitsa, 1814 “Give me a regiment of Cossacks alone, and I will go with them all over Europe.” Napoleon Bonaparte.

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    Cossacks at the statue of Apollo in the museumWatercolor by G.-E Opitz 1814 BunchuzhnyPainting by Jozef Brandt

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    Cossacks in Belgium

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    Cossacks on the move

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    Photos from the series "On the Fronts of the Great War" Cossack formation on Palace Square

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    The 12-year-old Cossack of the 2nd Kuban Regiment of the Kuban Cossack Army S.I. Kravchenko was awarded the St. George Cross, IV degree, for saving a heavy machine gun in March 1915. Ink drawing by artist K. Mesiek, 1916.

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    Commander of the 1st Kuban Plastun battalion, Colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Zheglinsky. Born 1852. April 3 From the nobles of the Simbirsk province. Education: General - Moscow Military Gymnasium, graduated from the course. Military - Tiflis Infantry Junker School, graduated from the course in the 2nd category. Rank: Lower rank since 1869. June 21 Khorunzhim from May 27, 1874. With seniority on February 15, 1874. Sotnik on May 6, 1882. Pod'esaul from May 6, 1890. Yesaul from June 3, 1893. Troop foreman from February 26, 1901. Colonel from January 11, 1905. seniority since October 5, 1904. Participated in companies 1877 - 1878. Was in battles, he was not wounded or shell-shocked. He received no injuries or damage. Awards: 1877 - Order of St. Anne, 4th degree with medal "For Bravery", St. Stanislaus, 3rd degree with swords and bow. 1905. - rank of colonel. 4 My name is Marat. I study in

    "B" class secondary school No. 1 which is located in one of the oldest buildings of the station. Poltava. .




    Public buildings - ataman rule, schools were built of brick, with iron roofs. They still decorate the Kuban villages.


    Brick building of the village administration 1909 Art. Poltavskaya

    Administration of rural settlement 2008 Art. Poltavskaya.


    The house usually had two rooms: a great and a small hut. In the small hut there was a stove and long wooden benches. Table.


    The great house had custom-made furniture: a cupboard; (“slide” or “square”). Dresser for linen, chests.


    The central place in the house was the “red corner” - the “goddess”. “Goddess” - one or several icons, decorated with towels, and a table - a square. Often icons and towels were decorated with paper flowers. Objects of sacred or ritual significance were kept in the “shrine”:

    wedding candles, Easter candles, Easter eggs, buttermilk, prayer records, memorial books.



    A very common detail of a Cossack hut is photographs on the wall. Small photo studios appeared in the Kuban villages already in the 70s. XIX V. Photographed on special occasions: farewell to the army, weddings, funerals



    • Arkhaluk – “spinogray” is a cross between a quilted Tatar robe and a caftan.
    • Hoodie – a felted sheep's wool cloak with a hood.
    • Bashlyk – headdress, hood.


    The Cossack uniform was established by the middle XIX V.; Circassian coat made of black cloth, dark trousers, beshmet, bashlyk, winter cloak, hat, boots or leggings.



    Feature of the Cossack women's suit there were head capes. Women are not supposed to go to the temple with their heads uncovered. Cossack women wore lace scarves, and in the 19th century. - caps, faceplates from the German word “fain” - beautiful), tattoos and currents. They were worn in full accordance with marital status- a married woman was never shown without a hairdress or tattoo. The girl covered her head and always braided her hair with a ribbon. Everyone wore lace scarves. Without him, the appearance of a woman in public was as unthinkable as the appearance of a Cossack in combat without a cap or hat.



    • Already from the age of 7-9, girls in a Cossack family learned to weave and spin, and before reaching adulthood they managed to prepare a dowry for themselves from several tens of meters of linen: towels, tabletops, shirts.

    The basis of nutrition for the Kuban family was wheat bread, meat, fish, vegetables and fruits.


    The most popular was borscht, which was cooked with sauerkraut, beans, meat, lard, and on fasting days - with vegetable oil. Each housewife had her own unique taste of borscht.

    The Cossacks loved dumplings and dumplings. They knew a lot about fish: they salted it, dried it, and boiled it. They salted and dried fruits for the winter, made compotes (uzvars), jam, prepared watermelon honey, and made fruit pastilles; Honey was widely consumed and wine was made from grapes. In Kuban they ate more meat and meat dishes (especially poultry, pork and lamb) than in other places in Russia. However, lard and fat were also highly valued here, since meat products were often used as a seasoning for dishes.









    Extremely strictly in the Cossack environment, along with the commandments of the Lord, traditions, customs, and beliefs were observed, which were the vital necessity of every Cossack family; non-compliance or violation of them was condemned by all residents of the farmstead or village.


    I've done the work

    student 4 "B" class MBOU secondary school No. 1

    Art. Poltavskaya Krasnoarmeisky district

    Ibrakhimov Marat.

    Supervisor:

    primary school teacher

    Bondarenko Svetlana Semenovna

    353800 st. Poltavskaya

    Krasnoarmeysky district

    Krasnodar region.

    Tel. 4 – 13 – 63

    Art. Poltavskaya 2015

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    Traditional appearance of the Cossacks. By tradition, in Russia the mustache was an integral part of the military uniform. The hat played an integral role in appearance Cossack . A hat knocked off a woman's head, as well as a scarf torn off a woman, was a mortal insult, followed by bloody retribution. Earrings (for men) signified the role and place of the Cossack in the family. The Cossack simply had to be charming, cheerful, friendly and witty.

    Slide 3

    Meeting and seeing off the Cossacks. According to custom, all Cossacks leaving for service gathered in the church for a prayer service. When leaving for war, they always took a handful of earth from the church or cemetery from the grave of their father or mother, or in the garden near the house. The Cossacks were met not only by their relatives and friends, but also by all the residents of the village.

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    Greetings and addresses. The greeting sounded in three versions (derived from “great”): “It’s been a great day!” (afternoon, rather evening), “we had a great night!” (morning, before lunch), “you live well!” (Anytime). To greet each other, the Cossacks slightly raised their headdress and, with a handshake, inquired about the family’s health and the state of affairs. When meeting, after a long separation, and also when saying goodbye, the Cossacks hugged and touched cheeks. They greeted each other with kisses Great holiday The Resurrection of Christ, on Easter, and kissing was allowed only among men and separately among women.

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    Attitude towards elders. In the presence of an elder, it was not allowed to sit, smoke, talk (enter without his permission), and especially not to express himself obscenely. It was considered indecent to overtake an old man (senior in age); it was necessary to ask permission to pass. When entering somewhere, the eldest person is allowed in first. It was considered indecent for a younger person to enter into conversations in the presence of an older person. The younger one must give way to the old man (senior). The younger one must show patience and restraint, and not argue in any case. The elder's words were binding on the younger. During general (joint) events and decision-making, the opinion of the elder was necessarily sought. At conflict situations, disputes, discord, and fights, the word of the old man (senior) was decisive and its immediate execution was required. In general, among the Cossacks and especially among the Kuban people, respect for elders was an internal need in the Kuban, even in address you can rarely hear - “grandfather”, “old”, etc., but it is affectionately pronounced “batko”, “batki”.

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    Funeral ritual For a Cossack, death on the battlefield or in the family circle was considered worthy. The Cossacks buried them according to the Orthodox rite. The body of the deceased was washed: men - men, women - women. The deceased was dressed only in new clothes. Underwear was sewn by hand. The coffin was carried in their arms. It was the duty of the son and relatives to conduct last way parent. They buried him on the third day. And they always organized a wake: on the day of the funeral, on the 9th and 40th days and on the anniversary of death. When a person died in the village, they “called to their hearts.” If a child died, the bell would ring high if he died old man, the ringing was low.

    Tatiana Berezhnaya
    Presentation “Life and customs of the Kuban Cossacks”

    (Slide 1) Text to presentations on the topic« Life and customs of the Kuban Cossacks» .

    (Slide 2) We live in a fertile and beautiful region. (Slide 3) Our Kuban is rich in traditions, customs, rituals and crafts (Slide 4) which are preserved and carefully passed on from generation to generation. (Slide 5) I think you will be interested to know how they lived Cossacks. And it all started with Decree of Queen Catherine 2. (Slide 6) She gave Kuban Cossacks lands in gratitude for their conscientious service. (Slide 7) And the carts stretched along the dusty steppe roads. And settlers from the Zaporozhye Sich began to flock to the uninhabited lands. Cossacks-Cossacks. This is how our ancestors appeared - Cossacks in Kuban.

    (Slide 8) Cossacks began to settle in the Kuban lands. It was a real military fortress. They built an earthen rampart around it and installed watchtowers and guns. Wild River Kuban It covered the fortress on three sides and reliably protected it from enemies.

    (Slide 9) Inhabiting the lands Cossacks built their own houses(housing) their called: mud huts, huts. The huts were built from adobe. Adobe is construction material, which was made from clay, straw and water. Horses kneaded adobe.

    (Slide10) The hut was always whitewashed inside and out. White color is a symbol of purity and neatness. The roofs were covered with reeds and straw. The floor was covered with clay. (Slide 11) The hut was fenced with this kind of fence. (Slide12) We knock on doors, hospitable hosts open for us, Kuban guests were always greeted cordially. (Slide13) All guests who entered the house crossed themselves at the right corner, the red corner was called where the icons were located, decorated with an embroidered towel. (Slide 14) Towels were decoration Kuban home. They were made from fabrics, trimmed with lace at both ends and embroidered with a cross or satin stitch along the edge of the towel. Predominated plant pattern, geometric figures, paired image of birds. The same towels were hung on the walls for decoration. Napkins, tablecloths, and curtains were embroidered.

    (Slide15) On the head Cossack Kubanka headdress, he is wearing a beshmet shirt, a blue kuntush is put on top (a jacket, with gazyrs hung on it, they used to serve as a measure of gunpowder, but now for decoration. A belt is required - decorated with metal plates, a dagger, a saber were hung on it, trousers and boots are also worn .

    (Slide 16) Woman- Cossack woman was dressed in an undershirt - a short shirt, the sleeves and bottom of which were embroidered with a cross. Topped with blouses and skirts with embroidery and frills. Married women wore a scarf on their heads or caps; a cap was put on their hair gathered into a bun.

    (Slide 17) In the house usually there were two rooms: great and small huts. In every house there was a stove in a small hut. The stove was heated, food was cooked on it, old people and children slept. In the old Cossack proverb it says: “The stove is the queen of the house”. She was the center of the home and embodied the idea of ​​well-being in the home and family warmth. (Slide18) Along the walls there were long wooden benches, on which you could not only sit, but also sleep, and in the middle there was a wooden table. (Slide19) The table was one of the most traditional and revered objects in the house Cossack. The table is the same as the throne in the altar, and therefore you need to sit at the table and behave as in church. The decoration of the table in the house was a samovar. With your hot tea winter evenings he warmed the souls and bodies of his household, gathering everyone together at the table. (Slide20) The table is unthinkable without bread - as food, as a symbol of well-being. It has long been the custom that the main smell Kuban - fragrant Kuban bread. Kuban people guests are greeted with bread and salt. Bread and salt are symbols of hospitality and cordiality. Salt, in the opinion of our ancestors, protects against evil spirits. If a person treats himself to bread and salt, it means that he is not plotting evil.

    (Slide 21) Every house had "slide", where the hostess proudly displayed the most valuable and beautiful dishes. (Slide 22) A glacier is a vessel for storing milk; milk in it does not sour for a long time. (Slide 23) Makitra is a large vessel in which cabbage was fermented and jam was kept. (Slide 24) A bowl is a utensil from which the whole family ate borscht and dumplings. The first to start scooping the borscht was the male head of the family. Cossack, father of the family.

    (Slide25) In the great house stood a custom-made furniture: cupboard for dishes, chest of drawers for linen. One of the decorations of the house were photographs on the wall.

    (Slide 26) Kubanskaya the land was famous for its craftsmen, gifted people. People were engaged in pottery making. (Slide 27) Engaged in blacksmithing - every sixth Cossack was an excellent blacksmith. They forged horseshoes, weapons, sabers, plows, shovels, pitchforks, etc. (Slide 28) They were engaged in weaving. They knew how to weave rugs for a treat and embroider towels. In every yard, women knew how to weave lace. Yes, how beautiful! They decorated towels and capes. There were lace doilies everywhere. (Slide 29-30) They were doing weaving. Weaved from reeds, reeds, twigs. Craftsmen wove baskets, baskets, cradles, chairs, and fences. There was nothing like this in stores at that time. Comfortable, light, roomy. More for adults, less for children. (Slide 31) Main fishery Cossacks had livestock farming. (Slide 32) Also Cossacks were engaged in growing grain crops.

    Customs and traditions of the Cossacks

    (Slide 33) Cossacks kept the Lord's commandments, the main church holidays, and regularly attended church. Each hut had a holy corner where icons hung. (Slide 34) On Kuban honored and celebrated the calendar holidays: Nativity, New Year, Maslenitsa, Easter.

    (Slide 35-36) Respect for elders is one of the main things customs of the Cossacks. It was not allowed to sit, smoke or talk in the presence of an elder. (without his permission). It was considered indecent to overtake an old man; you had to ask permission to pass. The younger one must give way to the older one. The words of the older man were obligatory for the younger. In case of conflicts, disputes, fights, the word of the elder was decisive and it was required to fulfill it. (Slide37) When meeting a young guy (guy, little Cossack must bow and take off his hat. If he passed with his head up, without bowing, then a passer-by, even a stranger, could beat the proud young man. The father will later thank him for raising his son. (Slide 38-39) The Cossack is hungry, and the horse is full. Without a horse Cossack all around is an orphan. Before leaving home for the horse war Cossack's wife let him down. The wife bowed at the horse's feet to protect her husband. When sending off Cossack On the last journey, a war horse followed the coffin, and then relatives and friends followed it.

    (Slide 40) The guests were very respected. The guest was considered a messenger of God. The most precious and desirable was considered the stranger from distant places who needed shelter and rest. The guest was given the most the best place at the table and on vacation. Even the old man gave up his seat, although the guest was younger than him. (Slide 41) U Cossacks was considered rule: Wherever he went, he never took food with him, either for himself or for his horse. In any village he will be greeted as a guest, both he and his horse will be fed. (Slide 42) The Cossack was born a warrior, and with his birth his military school began. The child was given present: cartridges, bullets, bow, arrows, gun. (Slide 43) When the child turned 40 days old, the father put him on a horse and returned him to his mother, congratulating her on his birthday. Cossack. When his teeth appeared, he was again put on a horse and taken to church. At the age of 3, children could already ride horses freely, and at five they were galloping across the steppe. (Slide 44) And the mother put an amulet around her son’s neck, into which was sewn a handful of earth and a prayer from the enemy. This amulet was a kind of talisman, and it was believed that it protected Cossack from bad. (Slide 45) Girls, from early childhood, were accustomed to farm: sewed, embroidered, did handicrafts. They loved to decorate their clothes with embroidery.